Pilot Channel; Inter-Relay Communications - GE UR Series Instruction Manual

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2.2 PILOT CHANNEL

Dedicated inter-relay communications may operate over 64 kbps digital channels or dedicated fiber optic channels. Avail-
able interfaces include:
• RS422 at 64 kbps
• G.703 at 64 kbps
• Dedicated fiber optics at 64 kbps. The fiber optic options include:
• 820 nm multi-mode fiber with an LED transmitter
• 1300 nm multi-mode fiber with an LED transmitter
• 1300 nm single-mode fiber with an ELED transmitter
• 1300 nm single-mode fiber with a LASER transmitter
• 1550 nm single-mode fiber with a LASER transmitter
All fiber optic options use an ST connector. L90 models are available for use on two or three terminal lines. A two terminal
line application requires one bi-directional channel. However, in two terminal line applications, it is also possible to use an
L90 relay with two bi-directional channels. The second bi-directional channel will provide a redundant backup channel with
automatic switchover if the first channel fails.
The L90 current differential relay is designed to function in a Peer to Peer or Master–Master architecture. In the Peer to
Peer architecture, all relays in the system are identical and perform identical functions in the current differential scheme. In
order for every relay on the line to be a Peer, each relay must be able to communicate with all of the other relays. If there is
a failure in communications among the relays, the relays will revert to a Master - Slave architecture, with the Master as the
relay that has current phasors from all terminals. The use of two different operational modes is intended to increase the
dependability of the current differential scheme by reducing reliance on the communications.
The main difference between a Master and a Slave L90 is that only a Master relay performs the actual current differential
calculation, and only a Master relay communicates with the relays at all other terminals of the protected line.
At least one Master L90 relay must have live communications to all other terminals in the current differential scheme; the
other L90 relays on that line may operate as Slave relays. All Master relays in the scheme will be equal, and each will per-
form all functions. Each L90 relay in the scheme will determine if it is a Master by comparing the number of terminals on the
line to the number of active communication channels.
The Slave terminals only communicate with the Master; there is no Slave to Slave communications path. As a result, a
Slave L90 relay cannot calculate the differential current. When a Master L90 relay issues a local trip signal, it also sends a
Direct Transfer Trip signal to all of the other L90 relays on the protected line.
If a Slave L90 relay issues a trip from one of its backup functions, it can send a transfer trip signal to its Master and other
Slave relays if such option is designated. Because a Slave cannot communicate with all the relays in the differential
scheme, the Master will then "broadcast" the Direct Transfer Trip signal to all other terminals.
The Slave L90 Relay performs the following functions:
• Samples currents and voltages
• Removes DC offset from the current via the mimic algorithm
• Creates phaselets
• Calculates sum of squares data
• Transmits current data to all Master L90 relays
• Performs all local relaying functions
• Receives Current Differential DTT and Direct Input signals from all other L90 relays
• Transmits Direct Output signals to all communicating relays
• Sends synchronization information of local clock to all other L90 clocks
The Master L90 Relay performs the following functions:
• Performs all functions of a Slave L90
• Receives current phasor information from all relays
• Performs the Current Differential algorithm
• Sends a Current Differential DTT signal to all L90 relays on the protected line
GE Power Management L90 Line Differential Relay
2.2 PILOT CHANNEL

2.2.1 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS

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