Distance Characteristics - GE D90 Plus Instruction Manual
Line distance protection system
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Also See for D90 Plus:
- Instruction manual (694 pages) ,
- Communications manual (222 pages) ,
- Instruction manual (688 pages)
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THE D90
DISTANCE ELEMENTS
Distance characteristics
Directional mho characteristic
542
The relay shapes its distance characteristics using phase angle comparators and
estimated voltage and current phasors. The following distance characteristic definitions
pertain to all phase and ground distance functions.
Phase A, B, and C current phasors
Ground current from a parallel line
Phase A to ground, phase B to ground, and phase C to ground voltage phasors
Positive-sequence phasor of ( ) term derived from the phase quantities
Negative-sequence phasor of ( ) term derived from the phase quantities
Zero-sequence phasor of ( ) term derived from the phase quantities
Memorized value of the ( ) quantity
Reach impedance
Reverse reach impedance for non-directional applications
Directional characteristic impedance
Right blinder characteristic impedance
Left blinder characteristic impedance
Zero-sequence compensating factor
Mutual zero-sequence compensating factor
Non-homogeneity angle setting
The dynamic 100% memory polarized mho characteristic is achieved by checking the
angle between the two values for the various phase and ground distance elements shown
in the table below.
Table 46: Directional mho characteristic angle calculation parameters
Element
AB phase element
BC phase element
CA phase element
I
, I
, I
A
B
C
I
G
V
, V
, V
A
B
C
( )_1
( )_2
( )_0
( )_M
∠
Z =
Reach
RCA
∠
Z
=
Reverse Reach
REV
Z
= 1∠
Directional RCA
D
Z
= Right Blinder × sin (Right Blinder RCA) × 1∠ (Right
R
Blinder RCA – 90°)
Z
= Left Blinder × sin (Left Blinder RCA) × 1∠ (Left Blinder
L
RCA + 90°)
= (Z0/Z1 Magnitude ∠ Z0/Z1 Angle) – 1
K
0
= ⅓ x Z0M/Z1 Magnitude ∠
K
0M
Θ =
Non-Homogeneous Angle
Value 1
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
A
B
A
B
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
B
C
B
C
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
C
A
C
A
PLUS
D90
LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 15: THEORY OF OPERATION
+ 180°
Reverse Reach RCA
Z0M/Z1 Angle
Value 2
(V
– V
)_1M
A
B
(V
– V
)_1M
B
C
(V
– V
)_1M
C
A
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