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A.2 Glossary of Terms
Ampere: unit of electrical current intensity (A symbol).
Bandwidth: frequency range on which an instrument supplies a precise measurement.
Blackout: fall of voltage, at some point in the power network, to below a specified threshold.
Channel and phase: a measurement channel corresponding to a difference in potential between two conductors. A phase
is a single conductor. In polyphased systems, a measurement channel may be between two phases, or between a phase
and neutral, or between a phase and earth, or between neutral and earth.
Cut: reduction in voltage at a point in the electrical power network below the cut threshold.
Dip threshold: specific voltage value to detect the start and end of a voltage dip.
Distortion factor (DF): ratio of the harmonics of a signal to the whole signal without the DC or bias component (THD-R).
Factor K (also called K factor): number based on the contents of a harmonic of a charge current that determines the
maximum load on a source of energy. The K factor calculated by the Model 8435 is measured and compared with the one
specified by the transformer manufacturer. It gives the percentage of "harmonics load" of the transformer.
Flicker: a visual effect of voltage variations.
Frequency: number of full voltage or current cycles in one second.
Fundamental component: component at the fundamental frequency.
Harmonics: in electrical systems, voltages and currents at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Harmonics level: whole number equal to the relationship between the frequency of the harmonic and the fundamental
frequency.
Hysteresis: difference between thresholds for reciprocal changes of state.
Imbalance in voltage in a polyphased electrical power network: status where efficient values for voltages between
conductors (fundamental component) and/or differences in phase between successive conductors are not equal.
K factor: see Factor K.
Measurement method: all measurement methods associated to an individual measurement.
Nominal voltage: voltage by which a network is named or identified.
Non-nuclear toe: non-nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
Nuclear toe: nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
Order of a harmonic: ratio of the frequency of the harmonic to the fundamental frequency; a whole number.
Passband: range of frequencies in which the response of a device exceeds some specified minimum.
Peak: maximum (+) or minimum (-) peak value of the signal.
Peak factor: relation between the peak value and efficient value of the current.
Phase: temporal relationship between current and voltage in alternating current circuits.
Phase and route: a measurement route corresponds to a difference in potential between two conductors. A phase is a
simple conductor. In polyphased systems, a measurement route can be between two phases, or a phase and neutral, or a
phase and earth, or neutral and earth.
Phase displacement factor: relationship between the active power and apparent power of the fundamental component.
Power displacement factor: expresses the difference between the apparent and active power when and only when the
relationship of the voltage phase and current to the fundamental is taken into account.
Power factor: relationship between active and apparent power.
Temporary surge at industrial frequency: temporary increase in the voltage amplitude at a point in the electrical power
network above a given threshold.
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