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Phase
Increment
Register (PIR)
Adder
64 Bits
Phase Accumulator Circuitry
The 33220A uses a 64-bit phase accumulator which yields 2
2.7 picohertz frequency resolution internally. Note that only the 14 or 16
most-significant bits of the Phase Register are used to address waveform
memory. Therefore, when synthesizing low frequencies (less than 3.05
kHz for a typical, 16K point waveform), the address will not change in
every clock cycle. However, at higher frequencies (greater than 3.05
kHz), the address will change by more than one location during each
clock cycle and some points will be skipped. If too many points are
skipped, a phenomenon known as "aliasing" will occur and the waveform
output will become somewhat distorted.
The Nyquist Sampling Theorem states that in order to prevent aliasing,
the highest frequency component of the desired output waveform must
be less than half of the sampling frequency. The Agilent 33220A
samples at 50 MHz, so Nyquist limits the highest frequency component
to 25 MHz.
50 MHz
64 Bits
64 Bits
Phase
Register
Chapter 7 Tutorial
Direct Digital Synthesis
MSBs
(14 or 16 bits)
Waveform
4
Memory
Address
-64
x 50 MHz or
325
7
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