Description And Operation Of Tractor Constituents; Engine And Its Systems; Engine; General Information - Belarus 1822.3 Operator's Manual

3 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF TRACTOR CONSTITUENTS

3.1 Engine and its systems

3.1.1 Engine

3.1.1.1 General information

Note – Subsection 3.1.1 "Engine" contains brief information on the engine and its
elements. To get full information on the engine mechanism and its elements, it is necessary
to buy from your dealer an operator's manual on engine 260 S2 – 0000100 OM made by
"Minsk Motor Works".
The engine 260.4 S2 with nominal power 156 kW mounted on tractors "BELARUS-
2022.3/2022 .3" is equipped with a high pressure fuel pump
363.1111005-40.04 . The engine
tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822 .3" is equipped with a high pressure fuel pump
10 1i -3708 or 363.1111005-40.09 . Other units and systems of the engine -260.4
S2 and -260.9 S2 are unified.
The engine -260.4S2/ -260.9S2 is a four-stroke piston six-cylinder internal combus-
tion engine with a row vertical cylinder arrangement, with direct fuel injection and compression
ignition.
The main engine assemblies are a cylinder block, cylinder heads, pistons, connector
rods, a crankshaft and a flywheel.
To provide high technical-and-economic indexes on the engine -260.4S2/ -260.9S2, a
turbocharger with a charged air cooler is used.
Using a turbocharger with adjustable charging pressure on the engine
260.9S2 provides not only a reliable start and improved accelerating ability which is provided
by increased turning torque values with low values of the crankshaft rate speed, but also a high
level of compliance with the requirements to the content of harmful emissions in exhaust
gases.
To provide a reliable start in the conditions of low ambient temperature, there are heat-
ing plugs in the engine heads and the mounted fluid-oil heat exchanger ensures quick getting
of oil optimal temperature in the engine lubricating system and its maintaining on the required
level during operation. Engine start is carried out by means of an electric starter causing crank-
shaft rotation through a flywheel mounted on the crankshaft flange.
The operating principle of the engine -260.4S2/ -260.9S2 as well as of other internal
combustion engines is conversion of thermal energy of the fuel burning in the operating cylinder,
into mechanical energy. Air charge flows into the cylinder through the open inlet valve on the
intake stroke while the piston moving down. After closing the inlet valve and the piston moving
up, high air compression takes place. In this case air temperature starts to increase rapidly. At
the end of compression stroke, fuel is injected into the cylinder under high pressure through the
nozzle. In the process of injection, fuel is finely sprayed, mixed with hot air in the cylinder and
evaporates forming air-and-fuel mixture.
Mixture ignition while engine operation is carried out as a result of high air compression
up to the temperature of mixture self-ignition. To avoid premature ignition, fuel injection starts
only at the end of compression stroke.
After burning of fuel-and-air mixture, the expansion process and cleaning of the cylinder
from combustion products start through the discharge port.
Agreed opening and closing of inlet valves and discharge ports is controlled by the valve
timing gear.
With start of engine operation, a turbocharger comes into action due to using discharge
gases energy.
A water pump drive of the engine cooling system is carried out by means of belt-and-
pulley drive from the pulley wheel mounted on the crankshaft tail, to the pulley wheel mounted
on the water pump weld bed. A pneumatic compressor drive and a rotary gear pump drive are
carried out by means of a distributing gear tooth gear.
Takeoff of the energy (power) generated by the engine of the car on which it is
mounted, for tractor drive is carried out from the flywheel through the clutch.
In the process of operation, the engine provides automatic power control for maintaining
constant rpm (set or rated) by means of a rotating speed governor mounted on high pressure
fuel pump.
-260.9 S2 with nominal power 132.5 kW mounted on
66
https://tractormanualz.com/
2022.3-0000010 OM
10 1i -3707 or
-260.4S2/ -