Rip - D-Link DES-3350SR User Manual

The following fields can be set or viewed:
After entering the IP Address and MAC Address of the Static ARP entry, click Apply to implement the new entry.

RIP

The Routing Information Protocol is a distance-vector routing protocol. There are two types of network devices running RIP -
active and passive. Active devices advertise their routes to others through RIP messages, while passive devices listen to these
messages. Both active and passive routers update their routing tables based upon RIP messages that active routers exchange. Only
routers can run RIP in the active mode. Every 30 seconds, a router running RIP broadcasts a routing update containing a set of
pairs of network addresses and a distance (represented by the number of hops or routers between the advertising router and the
remote network). So, the vector is the network address and the distance is measured by the number of routers between the local
router and the remote network. RIP measures distance by an integer count of the number of hops from one network to another. A
router is one hop from a directly connected network, two hops from a network that can be reached through a router, etc. The more
routers between a source and a destination, the greater the RIP distance (or hop count). There are a few rules to the routing table
update process that help to improve performance and stability. A router will not replace a route with a newly learned one if the new
route has the same hop count (sometimes referred to as 'cost'). So learned routes are retained until a new route with a lower hop
count is learned. When learned routes are entered into the routing table, a timer is started. This timer is restarted every time this
route is advertised. If the route is not advertised for a period of time (usually 180 seconds), the route is removed from the routing
table. RIP does not have an explicit method to detect routing loops. Many RIP implementations include an authorization
mechanism (a password) to prevent a router from learning erroneous routes from unauthorized routers. To maximize stability, the
hop count RIP uses to measure distance must have a low maximum value. Infinity (that is, the network is unreachable) is defined
as 16 hops. In other words, if a network is more than 16 routers from the source, the local router will consider the network
unreachable.
RIP can also be slow to converge (to remove inconsistent, unreachable or looped routes from the routing table) because RIP
messages propagate relatively slowly through a network.
Slow convergence can be solved by using split horizon update, where a router does not propagate information about a route back to
the interface on which it was received. This reduces the probability of forming transient routing loops.
Hold down can be used to force a router to ignore new route updates for a period of time (usually 60 seconds) after a new route
update has been received. This allows all routers on the network to receive the message.
A router can 'poison reverse' a route by adding an infinite (16) hop count to a route's advertisement. This is usually used in
conjunction with triggered updates, which force a router to send an immediate broadcast when an update of an unreachable
network is received.
RIP Version 1 Message Format
There are two types of RIP messages: routing information messages and information requests. Both types use the same format.
The Command field specifies an operation according to the following table:
D-Link DES-3350SR Standalone Layer 3 Switch
Figure 9 - 10. Static ARP Table – Add window
Parameters
IP Address
MAC Address
Command Meaning
1 Request for partial or full routing information
2 Response containing network-distance pairs from sender's
routing table
3 Turn on trace mode (obsolete)
4 Turn off trace mode (obsolete)
5 Reserved for Sun Microsystem's internal use
Description
The IP address of the ARP entry.
The MAC address of the ARP entry.
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