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Logical View
Cluster Level
Node Level
Open MP, SM-MPI
Figure 1-71 Programming models
This is all made possible through substantial investment in compilers, common runtimes and
collective frameworks and tools that allow the mixing and matching of all these various
techniques, as shown in Figure 1-72.
Computation is performed in multiple places.
A place contains data that is operated on
remotely.
Data lives in the place it was created, for its
lifetime.
Figure 1-72 Programming models comparison
Shmem
PGAS
GSM
CAF/ X10 / UPC
Logical Single
Address Space
Multiple Machine Address Spaces
Homogeneous Cores
Power/PERC
BG
Open MP, SM-MPI
HW Cache
HW Cache
Chapter 1. Understanding the IBM Power Systems 775 Cluster
Fortran
MPI
C
Logical Multiple
Address Spaces
Heterogeneous
Roadrunner
Open MP, OpenCL
Software Cache
A datum in one place references a
datum in another place.
Data-structures (arrays) might be
distributed across many places.
Places might have different
computational properties
97
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