Troxler Enhanced RoadReader Plus 3451 Manual Of Operation And Instruction
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Troxler Enhanced RoadReader Plus 3451 Manual Of Operation And Instruction

Troxler Enhanced RoadReader Plus 3451 Manual Of Operation And Instruction

Surface moisture-density gauge
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Manual of Operation and Instruction
Model 3451
Enhanced
RoadReader™ Plus
Surface Moisture-Density Gauge
NOTE
The Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus is equipped with a
global positioning system (GPS) receiver. If the gauge is moved
a long distance between uses, the GPS system must be allowed
to initialize. In some instances, initialization may take as long as
30 to 45 minutes from the time the gauge is powered on with the
GPS enabled. Note also that the gauge must be positioned such
that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS
satellites (see page 1–5 for more information). If the GPS does
not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler
representative.
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A.
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER
Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661
Fax: +1.919.549.0761
www.troxlerlabs.com

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  • Page 1 GPS enabled. Note also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites (see page 1–5 for more information). If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler representative. Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
  • Page 2 Troxler gauges are protected by U.S. and foreign patents Copyright  2004 – 2009 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including...
  • Page 3 SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL The Safety Alert Symbol shall appear within this manual. Wherever it appears in this manual or on safety signs affixed to the machine, this is to make all aware of the potential for personal injury and to be cautious when these images are present.
  • Page 4 11300 Sanders Drive, Suite 7 Rancho Cordova, CA 95742 Fax: 916.631.0541 Troxler European Subsidiary Troxler Electronics GmbH Gilchinger Strasse 33 D.82239 Alling nr. Munich, Germany Phone: ++49.8141.71063 Fax: ++49.8141.80731 E-mail: troxler@t-online.de NOTE To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service partner near you, call 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537).
  • Page 5 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. Troxler continues the proven technology of its 3400 Series surface moisture-density gauges with the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. The Model 3451 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on safely using this gauge.
  • Page 6 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL Throughout this manual, symbols and special formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the text as follows: WARNING Indicates conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause personal injury. CAUTION Indicates conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause equipment damage.
  • Page 7 NOTES Model 3451...

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    Model 3451 Illustration ..............3–3 Source Rod Positions ..............3–5 Before Using the Gauge and PDA ..........3–6 Turning the Gauge and PDA On ........... 3–8 Troxler Menu ................3–10 RoadReader Plus Main Menu ............. 3–16 Project Files ................3–19 Status................... 3–24 CHAPTER 4.
  • Page 9 CHAPTER 7. USING DATA MANAGER Introduction ................... 7–3 System Requirements ..............7–4 Starting the Data Manager Program ..........7–5 Manage Project Data ..............7–6 View Project Configuration ............7–11 Recover Projects ................7–19 APPENDIX A. RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY Radiation Theory ................A–2 Radiation Safety ................
  • Page 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDIX D. TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING U.S. Shipping Requirements ............D–2 Canadian Shipping Requirements ..........D–5 APPENDIX E. STANDARD COUNT LOG APPENDIX F. UNIT CONVERSION Measurement Units ............... F–2 Radiological Units ................ F–2 APPENDIX G. SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS Declaration of Conformity ............
  • Page 11 Calculator ..............3–11 3–7 Intermec Launcher Display ........3–12 3–8 Windows Desktop ............ 3–12 3–9 Return to Troxler Menu ........... 3–13 3–10 Battery Status Display ..........3–17 3–11 RoadReader Plus Software Main Menu ....3–18 3–12 Project Menu ............3–20 3–13...
  • Page 12 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Title Page 4–11 Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site..4–19 4–12 Individual Count Results, Thin Layer Mode ... 4–20 4–13 Averaged Count Results, Thin Layer Mode .... 4–20 5–1 Change Settings Menu ..........5–2 5–2 Gauge Setup Menu ............
  • Page 13 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Title Page 6–16 Enter File Name ............6–17 6–17 Special File Selector ..........6–18 6–18 Special Calibration Erase Prompt ......6–18 6–19 Enter Rod Position ........... 6–19 6–20 Taking Measurements Around a Core Site ....6–20 6–21 Thin Lift Special Calibration Menu ......
  • Page 14 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Title Page C–1 Diagnostics Menu ............C–3 C–2 Stat Test Menu ............C–3 C–3 View Stat Counts ............C–4 C–4 Stat Test Results ............C–4 C–5 Review Stat Test ............C–4 C–6 Drift Test Menu ............C–6 C–7 View Drift Counts .............C–7 C–8 Drift Test Results ............C–7 C–9...
  • Page 15 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1–1 GPS Position Accuracy ..........1–7 A–1 Radiation Profile for Model 3451 Gauge ....A–19...
  • Page 16 ATTENTION 3451 GAUGE OWNER This unit contains functions that require an ACCESS CODE. This code must be entered before these functions may be used. The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is: 4012 This page should be removed if the access code is not to be distributed to other parties or users of this gauge.
  • Page 17 NOTES...
  • Page 18 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3451 This chapter provides a brief overview of the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus, as well as an explanation of the global positioning system (GPS). This chapter also includes a list of the gauge parts and accessories, and instructions for unpacking and inspecting the gauge.

  • Page 19: Introduction

    INTRODUCTION Troxler’s Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus combines the impressive features of the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus with advanced global positioning system (GPS) and wireless technologies to provide unparalleled performance, flexibility, ease of use, and operator safety. Like the 3450 gauge, the Model 3451 incorporates the proven capabilities of Troxler’s 3400 (moisture/density) and 4640 (thin-...
  • Page 20 ♦ Calibration offsets (wet density, moisture, and trench) and special calibrations (soil and thin layer) to expand measurement possibilities, and to enhance gauge readings on materials that may fall outside the range of factory calibration. ♦ Over 30 functions to facilitate all phases of testing compaction on construction materials.
  • Page 21 Appendices A and D, which cover radiological safety, should be required reading for all users and potential users. If these appendices are not completely understood, users should seek assistance from Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative, or others designated within the user's organization.

  • Page 22: Global Positioning System Accuracy

    GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM ACCURACY As described earlier, the Model 3451 is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver that provides accurate information on the location (latitude and longitude) of the gauge. This information is stored with each gauge measurement. The GPS receiver used in the Model 3451 has Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) capabilities, which provides accuracy to within 3 m (10 ft).
  • Page 23 GPS enabled. Note also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites as described above. If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler representative. 1–6...
  • Page 24 Table 1–1. GPS Position Accuracy Quality of Accuracy Fix Quality GPS Data GPS reading Within 3 m DGPS fix with WAAS (10 ft) GPS reading Within 15 m GPS fix without WAAS (50 ft) Latitude and longitude No GPS reading displayed as 0.

  • Page 25: Gauge Parts And Accessories

    GAUGE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Figure 1–1 shows the gauge and its accessories. 1. The Gauge is the portable instrument containing electronic modules, a cordless serial adapter with Bluetooth wireless technology, a rechargeable battery pack, detectors, and the radioactive sources.  2.
  • Page 26 REFERENCE STANDARD BLOCK PN 107830 MODEL 3451 GAUGE DRILL ROD PN 100421 EXTRACTION TOOL TRANSPORT CASE PN 103680.1000 PN 110422.3451 SERIAL CABLE, SCRAPER PLATE/ PN 110708 DRILL ROD GUIDE (GAUGE TO PC) PN 107795 Note: Images not to scale. Figure 1–1. Model 3451 Parts and Accessories Model 3451 1–9...
  • Page 27 DC (AUTO) ADAPTER PN 104156 (FOR GAUGE) AC CHARGER PN 110403 (FOR GAUGE) UNIVERSAL AC ADAPTER PN 110691 & INTERMEC 700 SERIES AC POWER CORD MOBILE COMPUTER (PDA) PN 110690 PN 110687 (FOR PDA) DC (AUTO) ADAPTER SERIAL CABLE ASSEMBLY PN 110692 PN 110693 (FOR PDA)

  • Page 28: Unpacking And Inspection

    UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Troxler recommends that the operator wear a dosimeter while working with the gauge. Upon receipt of the gauge from the factory, perform a complete inspection and inventory. If the shipping case and/or any other part or accessory appears damaged, notify the carrier and your Troxler Representative immediately.
  • Page 29 NOTES 1–12...
  • Page 30 THEORY OF OPERATION This chapter provides a brief description of the theory of operation of the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. The direct transmission and backscatter modes of operation are illustrated, along with an explanation of the cesium-137 source, americium-241:beryllium source, and detector geometry.

  • Page 31: Density

    DENSITY The Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus uses two modes of operation: direct transmission mode (with the source rod extended into the material to be measured) and backscatter mode (with the source rod in the backscatter position). Source rod positions are described in Chapter 3.

  • Page 32: Moisture

    MOISTURE The Model 3451 uses the principle of neutron thermalization to monitor the moisture content of a material. The gauge includes an americium-241:beryllium (Am-241:Be) source that is fixed in the gauge’s base. Fast neutrons emitted by the Am-241:Be source pass into the test material.
  • Page 33 Figure 2–1. Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement 2–4...

  • Page 34: Thin Layer

    THIN LAYER The Model 3451 contains two sets of G-M tubes for photon detection. The set closest to the source rod is referred to as System 1, while the set farthest from the source rod is System 2. When the source rod is in the backscatter position, the source and the detectors are on approximately the same plane.

  • Page 35: Calibration

    CALIBRATION Troxler calibrates the 3451 gauge at the factory. The calibration standards used represent “average” soil, covering a density range of 1100 to 2700 kg/m (70 to 170 pcf). Troxler also calibrates the Model 3451 for thin layer measurements. The thin layer factory calibration covers a thickness range of 2.5 to 10 cm (1.0 to 4.0 in.).
  • Page 36 CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED This chapter provides details on getting started with the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. It provides instructions for turning the gauge and PDA on, and explains how to set up and manage project files and how to check the gauge status.
  • Page 37 CONTENTS (Continued) Status ................... 3–24 View Status ................3–25 View Constants ..............3–25 Gauge Temperature ............... 3–26 Battery Status ................ 3–26 Source Decay ................ 3–27 GPS Location ................ 3–28 3–2...

  • Page 38: Model 3451 Illustration

    MODEL 3451 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 3–1 illustrates various components of the Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus referred to throughout this chapter and the remainder of the manual. Figure 3–2 is a detailed view of the gauge back panel. DEPTH INDICATOR TRIGGER STRIP SOURCE INDEX ROD...
  • Page 39 9-PIN SERIAL PORT W/ BLUETOOTH ADAPTER POWER SWITCH BEEPER CHARGER CONNECTOR Figure 3–2. Back Panel Details NOTE To adjust the volume of the gauge beeper, open or close the beeper’s built-in shutters. 3–4...

  • Page 40: Source Rod Positions

    SOURCE ROD POSITIONS As shown in Figure 3–3, the source rod can be placed in the SAFE, backscatter, or direct transmission positions. When not taking measurements, keep the source rod in the SAFE position. When measuring thin layer or other materials through which you cannot drill a hole, use the backscatter position.

  • Page 41: Before Using The Gauge And Pda

    PDA for 4 hours before use. NOTE Because of the advanced features installed in the PDA, its battery life is approximately 6 hours. Troxler recommends charging the PDA battery pack when the unit is not in use. As listed below, additional PDA...
  • Page 42 7–4. ✓ Install the Troxler Data Manager PDA to PC Model 3451 for Windows XP software as follows. Refer to Chapter 7 for information on managing project data using the Data Manager software.

  • Page 43: Turning The Gauge And Pda On

    (see Figure 3–2). The internal beeper will sound to signify that the gauge is ready for use. Press the power switch (labeled I/O) located in the upper left corner of the PDA keypad. The PDA powers up, then displays the Troxler menu shown in Figure 3–4. NOTE...
  • Page 44 GPS enabled. Note also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites (see page 1–5 for more information). If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler representative. Model 3451 3–9...

  • Page 45: Troxler Menu

    TROXLER MENU Figure 3–4 shows the Troxler menu that is displayed when the PDA is powered up. From this menu, the user can start the RoadReader Plus software, launch the Windows Notes or Calculator function, or display the Windows desktop. A description of the RoadReader Plus software begins on page 3–16.

  • Page 46: Calculator

    CALCULATOR To launch the Calculator function, press the 〈Calculator〉 button. The PDA displays the Calculator shown in Figure 3–6. For more information on using the Calculator, press the 〈Calculator〉 button in the upper left corner and select Help from the dropdown menu. Figure 3–6.

  • Page 47: System

    Troxler menu. The PDA displays the Intermec Launcher screen shown in Figure 3–7. This screen shows the status of the PDA battery pack. To return to the Troxler menu, press the 〈Back〉 button. To continue to the Windows desktop, press 〈System〉. When prompted for a password, leave the password field blank and press 〈OK〉.

  • Page 48: Pda Activesync Configuration

    Figure 3–9. Return to Troxler Menu PDA ACTIVESYNC CONFIGURATION The Microsoft ActiveSync software provided on the Pocket PC Companion CD allows the user create a partnership between the PDA and a desktop computer using the serial cable provided with the PDA. ActiveSync must be properly configured in order to use the Data Manager software included with the gauge.

  • Page 49: Bluetooth Communication Configuration

    Synchronization screen. ✓ Press the 〈ok〉 button to the ActiveSync display. ✓ Press the 〈X〉 button to return to the Windows desktop. ✓ Follow the directions on page 3–12 to return to the Troxler menu. BLUETOOTH COMMUNICATION CONFIGURATION The PDA is configured at the factory to enable Bluetooth communications with the gauge.
  • Page 50 ✓ Press the 〈ok〉 button to return to the Bluetooth Settings display. ✓ Press the 〈ok〉 button to return to the Settings display. ✓ Press 〈X〉 to return to the Windows desktop. ✓ Follow the directions on page 3–12 to return to the Troxler menu. Model 3451 3–15...

  • Page 51: Roadreader Plus Main Menu

    RoadReader Plus software. To start the RoadReader Plus software, press the 〈Troxler 3451〉 button on the Troxler menu (see Figure 3–4 on page 3–10). The software displays a splash screen that includes the software version and gauge serial number. The software then establishes Bluetooth wireless communications between the PDA and gauge.
  • Page 52 GPS data. NOTE If the operator presses 〈Abort〉 to bypass the gauge warmup, Troxler does not guarantee the accuracy of the GPS location data. NOTE To preserve battery life, the gauge shuts down automatically after five hours of inactivity.
  • Page 53 Before taking measurements, read this manual carefully. If you do not completely understand the sections that cover radiation safety, contact your company radiation safety officer (RSO) or the nearest Troxler representative. NOTE Pressing the 〈Exit〉 button on the main menu shuts down the RoadReader Plus software and commands the gauge to power off.

  • Page 54: Project Files

    PROJECT FILES The Model 3451 stores measurement results in files called projects, which are named by the operator. The Project function allows the operator to create a new project, view project data, erase projects, enable a project (make an existing project active so that additional data may be added to it), or disable the active project.
  • Page 55 Figure 3–13. New Project Figure 3–12. Project Menu Setup Wizard, Page 1 The Wizard is a series of screens that provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a new project. Using the wizard, the operator is prompted to: ✓ Select the measurement mode (Soil, Asphalt, or Thin Layer). For more information, refer to page 5–5.

  • Page 56: View Project

    The Wizard displays an information screen, then requests a project name. Enter a descriptive name for the project using the PDA’s Block Recognizer, Keyboard, Letter Recognizer, or Transcriber functions. For more information on these functions, refer to the documentation provided with the PDA. Press the 〈Ok〉...

  • Page 57: Erase Project

    Figure 3–14. Project Figure 3–15. Project File Selector Data Display ERASE PROJECT The Erase function enables the operator to delete a project file and any data stored in it. To erase a project file, press the 〈Erase〉 button on the Project Menu (see Figure 3–12). The PDA displays the Project File Selector, as shown in Figure 3–14.

  • Page 58: Enable Project

    Figure 3–16. Project Erase Prompt ENABLE PROJECT To enable a project file, press the 〈Enable〉 button on the Project Menu (see Figure 3–12). The PDA displays the Project File Selector, as shown in Figure 3–14. To select a project file, press the project file name twice. The PDA displays The project XXX has been enabled.

  • Page 59: Status

    STATUS The RoadReader Plus software enables the operator to view information concerning the current gauge status, calibration constants, temperature, battery status, and source decay. To access these functions, press the 〈Gauge Tools〉 button on the main menu (see Figure 3–11). The software displays the Gauge Tools menu shown in Figure 3–17.

  • Page 60: View Status

    VIEW STATUS The gauge status information includes the software version; measurement units; count time; measurement mode; Marshall, Proctor, and voidless density values; measurement mode status; percent air voids status; specific gravity; and offset status and values. To view this information, press the 〈View Status〉 button on the Gauge Status Menu.

  • Page 61: Gauge Temperature

    GAUGE TEMPERATURE To view the gauge temperature, press the 〈Gauge Temperature〉 button on the Gauge Status Menu (see Figure 3–18). The PDA displays the gauge temperature both in degrees Fahrenheit and in degrees Celsius. Press the 〈Done〉 button to return to the Gauge Status Menu.

  • Page 62: Source Decay

    SOURCE DECAY The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity, or rate of decay. This activity decreases with time. The length of time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is referred to as the half-life. The half-life of the Am-241:Be source is 432 years.

  • Page 63: Gps Location

    GPS LOCATION To view the gauge’s current GPS location, press the 〈GPS Location〉 button on the Gauge Status Menu (see Figure 3–18). The PDA queries the gauge to take a GPS reading, and displays the message Collecting GPS Data. Upon completion, the PDA displays the gauge’s GPS location as shown in Figure 3–22.
  • Page 64 CHAPTER 4 USING THE GAUGE This chapter explains the basic use of the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. Basic use includes taking the daily standard count, preparing measurement sites, setting the measurement mode, and taking measurements. CONTENTS Taking a Standard Count .............. 4–2 Take a New Standard Count ...........

  • Page 65: Taking A Standard Count

    TAKING A STANDARD COUNT To adjust readings for source decay (see Appendix A) and natural background radiation, take a daily standard count. A four-minute daily standard count helps ensure the highest measurement accuracy. Locate the reference standard block shipped with the gauge. Always take standard counts using the reference standard block.

  • Page 66: Take A New Standard Count

    Place the reference standard block on the standard count site. As shown in Figure 4–2, place the gauge on the reference standard block, with the right side (Troxler logo side) of the gauge against the metal butt plate. Ensure that the source rod is in the standard (SAFE) position and is firmly seated.
  • Page 67 Figure 4–3. Troxler recommends that the operator keep a daily log of the standard counts (see Appendix E). To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows: ♦...
  • Page 68 5%. If the standard count fails four times, perform a stat test (see page C–2) and a drift test (see page C–5), and then contact your Troxler representative. After the standard count passes, the operator can take measurements with the gauge.

  • Page 69: View Standard Counts

    VIEW STANDARD COUNTS To view the last four standard counts, press the 〈View Counts〉 button on the Standard Menu (see Figure 4–1). The PDA displays the View Standard screen shown in Figure 4–4. Press the 〈Done〉 button to return to the Standard Menu. Figure 4–4.

  • Page 70: Preparing A Test Site

    PREPARING A TEST SITE To ensure measurement accuracy, properly prepare the test site before taking gauge measurements. This section describes how to prepare test sites properly for direct transmission and backscatter measurement modes. For a description of these measurement modes, refer to page 2–2. DIRECT TRANSMISSION MODE Direct transmission mode is used on materials with layers four inches thick or more.
  • Page 71 Figure 4–5. Drill Rod Assembly ✓ Mark the test area before removing the scraper plate to ensure the gauge is placed over the same area as the scraper plate (Figure 4–6). CAUTION Under no circumstances should the source rod of the gauge be used to drill holes.

  • Page 72: Backscatter Mode

    ✓ Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the extraction tool. Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with a hammer. Also, do not rock the extraction tool from side to side. This will distort the hole or cause loose material to fall into the hole.

  • Page 73: Taking Measurements

    TAKING MEASUREMENTS NOTE When not taking readings, always keep the source rod in the SAFE (shielded) position. For added operator safety, the source rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle. If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position, look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed.

  • Page 74: Soil Mode

    You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position. ✓ Gently slide the gauge to the right (towards the Troxler logo) so the source rod makes contact with the wall of the hole.
  • Page 75  To continue without entering project notes, press 〈No〉.  To add project notes, press 〈Yes〉. The PDA displays the Project Notes screen shown in Figure 4–7. Enter the desired notes and press 〈Ok〉. Troxler recommends that the information entered as project notes does not exceed 40 characters.
  • Page 76 Figure 4–8. Count Results, Soil Mode ✓ The PDA stores the measurement results in the active project, then displays the confirmation message Soil results stored in project: XXX, where XXX is the active project name. Press the 〈ok〉 button to continue. ✓...
  • Page 77 WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed. Increased radiation levels may cause excessive personnel radiation exposure and may violate transportation regulations. NOTE To preserve battery life, the gauge shuts down automatically after five hours of inactivity. 4–14...

  • Page 78: Asphalt Mode

     To add project notes, press 〈Yes〉. The PDA displays a Project Notes screen similar to the one shown in Figure 4–7 on page 4–12. Enter the desired notes and press 〈Ok〉. Troxler recommends that the information entered as project notes does not exceed 40 characters. 4–...
  • Page 79 ✓ The PDA displays the measurement results as shown in Figure 4–9. Note that:  WetDensity  %Voids = 1 − × 100    Voidless  ✓ Note also that the Fix Quality is displayed as GPS fix. This indicates that the gauge’s GPS receiver was able to determine a GPS location, but the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was not available.
  • Page 80 NOTE If the gauge is unable to obtain GPS data after taking a count, it will still send the count results to the PDA and the results will be stored in the active project. ✓ Lift the gauge from the test site by the source rod handle. This returns the source rod to the SAFE (shielded) position.

  • Page 81: Thin Layer Mode

    THIN LAYER MODE To measure the density of a top layer of asphalt, follow the steps below. When taking counts after a core has been removed, Troxler recommends averaging four one-minute readings taken around the core site, as shown in Figure 4–10. If no core has been removed, place the gauge over the test site, as shown in Figure 4–11.
  • Page 82  To add project notes, press 〈Yes〉. The PDA displays the Project Notes screen shown in Figure 4–7 on page 4–12. Enter the desired notes and press 〈Ok〉. Troxler recommends that the information entered as project notes does not exceed 40 characters.
  • Page 83 Figure 4–12. Individual Count Figure 4–13. Averaged Count Results, Thin Layer Mode Results, Thin Layer Mode ✓ Reposition the gauge as prompted by the PDA and repeat the above procedure at each position. ✓ After the final count is completed, the gauge collects the count information and GPS data, and then transmits this data to the PDA.
  • Page 84 ✓ The PDA stores the measurement results in the active project, then displays the confirmation message Thin lift results stored in project: XXX, where XXX is the active project name. Press the 〈ok〉 button to continue. ✓ The PDA then stores the project data in the gauge. Upon completion, the PDA displays Project storage to gauge complete.
  • Page 85 NOTES 4–22...
  • Page 86 CHAPTER 5 SETUP AND TARGET MENUS The RoadReader Plus software includes a Gauge Setup menu, which allows the operator to manually set or change operating parameters usually configured when setting up a project file. This chapter describes these parameters, as well as the use of target values.

  • Page 87: Gauge Setup Menu

    GAUGE SETUP MENU The Model 3451 software groups all the setup features in the Gauge Setup menu. To access the Gauge Setup menu, press the 〈Gauge Settings〉 button on the main menu (see Figure 3–11 on page 3–18). The PDA displays the Change Settings menu shown in Figure 5–1.

  • Page 88: View Setup

    VIEW SETUP To view the current gauge setup, press the 〈View Setup〉 button. The PDA displays the View Setup screen (see Figure 5–3), which shows the software version, gauge serial number, source rod type, charger and battery status, count time, measurement units, measurement mode, and depth mode.

  • Page 89: Units

    UNITS The Model 3451 can display measurement results in either metric (SI) or U.S. units. To set the units, press the 〈Units〉 button on the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 5–2. The PDA displays the Set Units Menu shown in Figure 5–4. The current units selection is shown at the top of the menu.

  • Page 90: Mode

    After all measurements have been completed, the gauge calculates the average density of the test material. When taking counts on thin layer asphalt, Troxler recommends averaging four one-minute readings. NOTE...

  • Page 91: Count Time

    COUNT TIME The count time defines how long the gauge reads. Longer count times produce better measurement precision. Troxler recommends a count time of one minute for most sample measurements. To change the count time, press the 〈Time〉 button on the Gauge Setup menu (see page 5–2).

  • Page 92: Customer Name

    Figure 5–6. Count Time Menu CUSTOMER NAME The Model 3451 can store a customer name or other messages up to 20 characters. To enter a customer name, press the 〈Name〉 button on the Gauge Setup menu (see page 5–2). As shown in Figure 5–7, the Customer Name option requires an access code.
  • Page 93 Figure 5–7. Enter Code Menu Figure 5–8. Enter Customer Name Menu The customer name currently stored in the gauge memory is displayed. To change the name, use the PDA’s Block Recognizer, Keyboard, Letter Recognizer, or Transcriber functions. For more information on these functions, refer to the documentation provided with the PDA.

  • Page 94: User Code

    USER CODE The User Code function enables the operator to change the code used to access certain gauge functions. The code can be any numeric value from 1 to 9999. When shipped, the access (user) code is set to the value shown on page xv. To change the code, press the 〈User Code〉...

  • Page 95: Depth Strip

    DEPTH STRIP The Depth Strip feature allows the operator to set the depth mode. The depth mode determines how the gauge will receive data about the source rod depth. The Model 3451 offers two depth modes: Automatic and Manual. In the Automatic mode, the gauge software reads a depth strip on the index rod to determine the source rod depth.

  • Page 96: Leak Test

    LEAK TEST To ensure the integrity of the radioactive source encapsulation, the Model 3451 must be periodically leak tested. For instructions on performing the leak test, see page A–13. The gauge uses the leak test interval and leak test date values to determine when a leak test is due.
  • Page 97 Leak Test Interval By default, the leak test interval is set to six months (183 days). In countries outside of the United States, the time required between leak tests may vary from six months to three years. Check local regulations, and then refer to the following instructions on setting the leak test interval.
  • Page 98 Leak Test Date The Leak Test Date function allows the operator to view or change the date of the last leak test. The gauge alerts the operator if the leak test interval has been exceeded. To view or change the leak test date, press the 〈Leak Test Date〉...

  • Page 99: Target

    TARGET Target values include Proctor, percent air voids, Marshall, and voidless density values. The gauge uses the Proctor value to calculate the compaction level when taking counts in the Soil mode. The gauge uses the specific gravity of the material to calculate percent air voids and void ratio. The gauge uses a default value of 2.7, which may not be appropriate for all soil types.
  • Page 100 Soil Mode Asphalt or Thin Layer Mode Figure 5–14. Target Menus Figure 5–15. Proctor Value Menu 5– Model 3451...

  • Page 101: Enter A Target Value

    ENTER A TARGET VALUE To enter a new target value, press the 〈New〉 button on the Proctor Value Menu (see Figure 5–15). As shown in Figure 5–16, the PDA displays its onscreen keyboard and requests the new value. Enter the target value using the selected measurement units (see page 5–4), then press the 〈Ok〉...

  • Page 102: View A Target Value

    VIEW A TARGET VALUE To view a target value stored in memory, press the 〈View〉 button on the Proctor Value Menu (see Figure 5–15). The PDA displays a target value selector menu, as shown in Figure 5–17. To view a value, press the file name twice.

  • Page 103: Enable A Target Value

    ENABLE A TARGET VALUE To enable a target value stored in memory, press the 〈Enable〉 button on the Target Menu (see Figure 5–15). The PDA displays the target value selector menu, as shown in Figure 5–17. To enable a target value, press the file name twice. The PDA displays a confirmation message.
  • Page 104 CHAPTER 6 ADJUSTING MEASUREMENTS This chapter explains how to adjust gauge readings using offsets, and how to create a special calibration. CONTENTS Calibration Offset ................. 6–2 Wet Density Offset ..............6–4 Moisture Offset ..............6–5 Trench Offset................ 6–12 Special Calibration ..............6–14 Soil Special Calibration ............

  • Page 105: Calibration Offset

    CALIBRATION OFFSET Troxler calibrates the Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus at the factory for use on soils, asphalt, and concrete. This factory calibration covers an approximate density range of 1100 to 2700 kg/m (70 to 170 pcf). If the gauge is to be used on materials not covered by the original calibration, the operator can adjust the gauge using an offset.
  • Page 106 Figure 6–1. Offset Menu Model 3451 6–3...

  • Page 107: Wet Density Offset

    WET DENSITY OFFSET The wet density offset is the actual wet density of the material minus the wet density determined by the gauge. To access the wet density offset functions, press the 〈Wet Density〉 button on the Offset Menu (see Figure 6–1). The PDA displays the Wet Density Offset Select screen shown in Figure 6–2.

  • Page 108: Moisture Offset

    MOISTURE OFFSET The moisture offset (k) is determined by comparing the true moisture of a laboratory sample with the gauge moisture reading. The Model 3451 can derive the moisture offset either by taking a moisture measurement and comparing the reading to the true moisture entered by the operator, or by comparing measured and true values entered by the operator.
  • Page 109 MEASURING THE MOISTURE. To access this function, press the 〈New〉 button on the Moisture Offset Select screen. If no partial offset exists, the PDA displays the prompt Place the gauge on the surface to be tested and click OK for a four- minute count.
  • Page 110 Figure 6–5. Input True Figure 6–6. Enter Moisture Percent Moisture Offset File Name Moisture Offset from Keypad Entry As described earlier in this chapter, the Model 3451 can derive the moisture offset (k) by comparing measured and true values entered by the operator.
  • Page 111 To determine the moisture offset, press 〈KeyPad〉 on the Moisture Offset Select screen (see Figure 6–4). The PDA prompts for the percent moisture value, as measured by the gauge (see Figure 6–7). Enter the average moisture value determined above and press 〈Ok〉. The PDA then prompts for the true percent moisture value.
  • Page 112 Enable a Stored Moisture Offset To enable a moisture offset already stored in the gauge, press the 〈Enable〉 button on the Moisture Offset Select screen (see Figure 6–4). The PDA displays the Offset File Selector screen, as shown in Figure 6–9. To select and enable an offset file, press the offset file name twice.
  • Page 113 View a Stored Moisture Offset To view the value of a moisture offset already stored in the gauge, press the 〈View〉 button on the Moisture Offset Select screen (see Figure 6–4). The PDA displays the Offset File Selector screen, as shown in Figure 6–9. To view an offset value, press the offset file name twice.
  • Page 114 Figure 6–10. Moisture Offset Erase Prompt Model 3451 6–11...

  • Page 115: Trench Offset

    TRENCH OFFSET To use the Model 3451 in a trench or within 0.6 m (2 ft) of a large vertical surface, first perform a trench offset. When a trench offset is enabled, the gauge automatically applies a trench density offset to readings of 4 in.
  • Page 116 To determine a new trench offset, press 〈Change〉. The PDA displays the prompt Set rod to STD Pos. Press OK for 1 minute STD count in trench. Select a position inside the trench and the same distance from the wall as the test measurements. Place the gauge on the standard block in this position.

  • Page 117: Special Calibration

    SPECIAL CALIBRATION The Special Calibration features allow the operator to recalibrate Model 3451 soil and thin layer readings. Special calibrations are specific for the test material and measurement depth. To access these features, press the 〈Change Settings〉 button on the RoadReader Plus main menu (see Figure 3–11 on page 3–18).
  • Page 118 Figure 6–13. Soil Special Calibration Menu New Special Calibration To create a new special calibration, the operator must take readings with the gauge and enter the true density. The Model 3451 can store one partial calibration. A partial calibration allows the operator to enter the true density or take readings at different times.
  • Page 119 Figure 6–14. Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site Press 〈OK〉 to begin the measurement. The PDA displays Special Count in Progress as well as the time remaining (in seconds). Upon completion of the count, the PDA collects the counts, stores the partial calibration, and displays Partial calibration saved.
  • Page 120 Figure 6–16. Enter File Name Figure 6–15. Input True Density View a Special Calibration To view the value of a special calibration stored in memory, press 〈View〉 on the Special Calibration Menu. The PDA displays the Special File Selector screen shown in Figure 6–17. To view a special calibration, press the calibration file name twice.
  • Page 121 Figure 6–17. Special Figure 6–18. Special File Selector Calibration Erase Prompt  Press 〈OK〉 to erase the special calibration file. The PDA displays Special calibration XXX has been erased. Press 〈ok〉 to continue.  If the erased project was not previously active, the PDA returns to the Special Calibration Menu.
  • Page 122 Enable a Special Calibration To enable a special calibration already stored in the gauge, press the 〈Enable〉 button on the Special Calibration Menu (see Figure 6–13). The PDA displays the Special File Selector screen, as shown in Figure 6–17. To select and enable a special calibration, press the file name twice. The PDA displays The special calibration XXX has been activated at X position.

  • Page 123: Thin Layer Special Calibration

    The thin layer special calibration uses the average of 3 to 20 measurements. Troxler recommends averaging one-minute readings taken on a test site (see Figure 6–14 on page 6–16) or around a core site (as shown in Figure 6–20). This average and the density obtained by another method (such as core samples) are used to re- calculate the gauge constants.
  • Page 124 (3-20)? Enter the desired number of measurements and press 〈Ok〉. NOTE When taking counts on thin layer asphalt, Troxler recommends averaging large numbers of readings over the same material to ensure results that are more accurate.
  • Page 125 The PDA displays The current top layer thickness setting in the gauge is X inches. Do you wish to use this value for the upcoming readings?  To accept the displayed top layer thickness, press 〈Yes〉.  To enter a different value for the top layer thickness, press 〈No〉. The PDA requests the new top layer thickness value as shown in Figure 6–22.
  • Page 126 Reposition the gauge and repeat the above procedure for each count (see Figure 6–20). After taking all the readings, the PDA displays Partial calibration saved. Press ‘New’ again to enter true density value. Press 〈OK〉 to return to the Thin Lift Special Calibration menu.
  • Page 127 Figure 6–23. Input Figure 6–24. Thin Layer True Density Special Calibration Results Figure 6–25. Enter File Name 6–...
  • Page 128 View a Thin Layer Special Calibration To view the value of a thin layer special calibration stored in memory, press 〈View〉 on the Thin Lift Special Calibration menu (see Figure 6–21). The PDA displays the Thin Lift File Selector screen shown in Figure 6–26. To view a thin layer special calibration, press the file name twice.
  • Page 129  Press 〈OK〉 to erase the thin layer special calibration file. The PDA displays Thin layer calibration XXX has been erased. Press 〈ok〉 to continue.  If the erased project was not previously active, the PDA returns to the Thin Lift Special Calibration menu. ...
  • Page 130 After all measurements have been completed, the gauge calculates the average density of the test material. When taking counts on thin layer asphalt, Troxler recommends averaging four one-minute readings (see the Thin Layer Mode section on page 4–18).
  • Page 131 NOTES 6–...
  • Page 132 CHAPTER 7 USING DATA MANAGER This chapter describes the Data Manager PDA to PC Model 3451 for Windows XP software provided with the gauge. This software provides tools for retrieving and managing project data from the PDA or gauge. CONTENTS Introduction ...................
  • Page 133 CONTENTS (Continued) View Project Configuration ............7–11 Download Configuration ............7–12 Gauge Constants ..............7–12 Project Setup ................. 7–13 Standard Counts ..............7–13 Project Status ................ 7–15 Source Decay ................ 7–15 Stat Test ................7–17 Drift Test ................7–17 Send to Printer ..............7–17 Send to File ................

  • Page 134: Introduction

    INTRODUCTION The Data Manager PDA to PC Model 3451 for Windows XP is the software companion to the Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. This software includes tools for collecting project data from the PDA or gauge on a personal computer (PC), printing project configuration information, and recovering data from the gauge in case of an emergency (such as the loss of the PDA).

  • Page 135: System Requirements

    SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The following sections list the hardware and software requirements for using Data Manager software. MINIMUM HARDWARE ♦ Personal computer with a Pentium 300 MHz processor or better ♦ 64 MB RAM ♦ Hard disk with 10 MB of free disk space ♦...

  • Page 136: Starting The Data Manager Program

    STARTING THE DATA MANAGER PROGRAM To start the Data Manager program, click on the Windows 〈Start〉 button, then select the Programs menu and the DataManager folder. Select the DataManager menu item. The application loads, then displays a copyright screen. Click anywhere on the screen to continue.

  • Page 137: Manage Project Data

    MANAGE PROJECT DATA As noted earlier, the Data Manager software includes tools for downloading and managing project (measurement) data from the PDA. To access these tools, click 〈Manage Project Data〉 on the Main Menu (see Figure 7–1). From the resulting menu (see Figure 7–2), the operator can: ♦...

  • Page 138: Download All Projects

    DOWNLOAD ALL PROJECTS NOTE To download data from the PDA to the computer, the PDA must be powered on with the RoadReader Plus application started as described on page 3–8. NOTE After project data is downloaded to the computer, it is deleted from the PDA.

  • Page 139: View A Project

    Figure 7–3. Connect PDA to PC Prompt VIEW A PROJECT To view all of the measurement data for a project, press the 〈View a Project〉 button on the Manage a Project menu. The software displays a list of the projects currently stored on the computer.

  • Page 140: Print Viewed Project

    PRINT VIEWED PROJECT To print the project data that is currently displayed, press the 〈Print Viewed Project〉 button on the Manage a Project menu. The software sends the project data to the default printer. DELETE ALL PROJECTS To delete all projects currently stored on the computer, press the 〈Delete All Projects〉...
  • Page 141 Figure 7–5. Project Data Spreadsheet 7–10...

  • Page 142: View Project Configuration

    VIEW PROJECT CONFIGURATION The Data Manager software also includes tools for downloading, viewing, printing, and storing the configuration of the active project. To access these tools, click the 〈View Project Configuration〉 button on the Main Menu (see Figure 7–1). From the resulting menu (see Figure 7–6), the operator can: ♦...

  • Page 143: Download Configuration

    DOWNLOAD CONFIGURATION NOTE To download data from the PDA to the computer, the PDA must be powered on with the RoadReader Plus application started as described on page 3–8. To download the configuration data for the active project, press the 〈Download Configuration〉...

  • Page 144: Project Setup

    Figure 7–7. Gauge Constants Display PROJECT SETUP The Data Manager enables the operator to view the configuration (setup) of the active project, including the software version, measurement units, count time, measurement mode, target values, and offset values. To view the project configuration, press the 〈Project Setup〉...
  • Page 145 Figure 7–8. Project Setup Display Figure 7–9. Standard Counts Display 7–14...

  • Page 146: Project Status

    PROJECT STATUS The Data Manager provides a quick view of information on the gauge, including the software version, serial number, type (length of source rod and depth increments), count time, measurement units, measurement mode, and depth mode. To view the gauge information, press the 〈Project Status〉...
  • Page 147 Figure 7–10. Project Status Display Figure 7–11. Source Decay Display 7–16...

  • Page 148: Stat Test

    STAT TEST As described on page C–2, erratic readings, or readings that seem to fluctuate, may indicate a problem with the gauge. If the readings are suspect, the operator can perform a stat test, or statistical stability test, to validate the normal operation of the gauge. To view the results of the most recent stat test, press the 〈STAT Test〉...
  • Page 149 Figure 7–12. Stat Test Display Figure 7–13. Drift Test Display 7–18...

  • Page 150: Recover Projects

    RECOVER PROJECTS The Data Manager program includes tools to recover and manage project data directly from the gauge in case of an emergency (such as the loss or failure of the PDA). To access these tools, press the 〈Recover Projects〉 button on the Main Menu (see Figure 7–1).

  • Page 151: Print Projects

    Figure 7–15. Connect Gauge to PC Prompt As directed: ✓ Remove the Bluetooth adapter from the gauge’s serial port (see Figure 3–2 on page 3–4). ✓ Using the serial cable (PN 110708) provided with the gauge, connect the gauge to the computer’s serial port. ✓...

  • Page 152: Send To Spreadsheet

    SEND TO SPREADSHEET The Data Manager software can send the project data collected from the gauge to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. To send the data, press the 〈Send to Spreadsheet〉 button. The software launches the Microsoft Excel program, then enters the project data into the spreadsheet as shown in Figure 7–5 on page 7–10.
  • Page 153 NOTES 7–22...
  • Page 154 RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY This appendix is required reading for anyone who will use the Troxler Model 3451 RoadReader Plus. This appendix covers topics related to radiation theory and the safe operation of the gauge. A brief overview of the regulatory requirements related to the ownership and use of the gauge, as well as a listing of radiation safety-related warnings and cautions, is included.

  • Page 155: Radiation Theory

    RADIATION THEORY A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual, provided at the Troxler Safety Class. ATOMIC STRUCTURE All matter is made up of atoms. For example, water has two atoms...

  • Page 156: Radioactivity

    RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is the spontaneous transformation (or disintegration) of an unstable nucleus into a more stable configuration accompanied by the emission of radiation. The quantity of a radioactive material is measured in terms of the average number of nuclear disintegrations per unit time. The traditional unit of measure for radioactivity (or activity) is the curie (Ci), which is defined as 3.7 ×...

  • Page 157: Types Of Radiation

    TYPES OF RADIATION The radioactive sources in the Model 3451 produce four types of radiation: Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma rays (photons) Neutrons The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule. Therefore, they present no external hazard to personnel. Only the gamma and neutron radiation from sealed sources contribute to any occupational radiation exposure.

  • Page 158: Radiation Safety

    RADIATION SAFETY This section discusses the principles of general radiation safety. This information includes specific procedures for operating, inspecting, cleaning, and leak testing the gauge to ensure safe operation. RADIATION DOSE Ionization cannot be detected by any of the human senses (sight, touch, hearing, smell).

  • Page 159: Limiting Exposure

    LIMITING EXPOSURE Under average conditions, an individual working with the 3451 gauge will receive less than 200 millirem per year. A basic principle of radiation protection is that radiation exposure should be kept as far below the limits as is reasonably achievable. This is known as the ALARA (as low as reasonable achievable) principle.
  • Page 160 Figure A–2. Effect of Distance on Exposure Shielding Shielding is any material used to reduce the radiation exposure rate from a radioactive source. The 3451 gauge has some built-in shielding, which reduces the exposure rate. When gauges are in storage, additional shielding may be necessary to keep exposure to personnel in adjacent areas below the dose limits for members of the public.

  • Page 161: Personnel Monitoring

    The most common types of individual monitoring devices used by licensees are thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badges. TLD badges are usually exchanged monthly or quarterly. Troxler offers NVLAP-certified personnel monitoring services using TLD badges. In Canada, nuclear gauge users are not normally classified as Atomic Radiation Workers.

  • Page 162: Source Rod Inspection

    SOURCE ROD INSPECTION To ensure the integrity of the source rod, Troxler recommends that a qualified Troxler service person inspect the gauge and the source rod at least once every five years. This inspection includes checking for excessive wear, corrosion, or damage that could affect the safety of gauge operation.

  • Page 163: Daily Inspection

    DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features as follows: ✓ The source rod opening in the bottom of the gauge is equipped with a spring-loaded tungsten sliding block that shuts when the source rod is in the SAFE (shielded) position.

  • Page 164: Cleaning The Tungsten Blocks

    If not, check that the sliding block spring was properly installed after cleaning. If the sliding block still does not close properly, immediately contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is closed.
  • Page 165 ✓ With the source rod in the SAFE (shielded) position, place the gauge on its side. ✓ Clean the heads of the four corner screws that hold the bottom plate to the gauge base (Figure A–3). Using a 1/8–inch Allen wrench, remove the four screws in the corners of the plate and remove the plate.
  • Page 166 Figure A–3. Cleaning the Sliding and Fixed Blocks Model 3451 Appendix A–13...

  • Page 167: Leak Testing

    To perform a leak test, use the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit (PN 102868) and accompanying instructions to perform the following procedure: ✓...

  • Page 168: Regulatory Requirements

    U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or an Agreement State licensing agency. Detailed information on obtaining a license is contained in the Troxler Licensing Guide. Copies of this guide are available from Troxler, or can be downloaded from the Troxler website, www.troxlerlabs.com.

  • Page 169: Disposal

    The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below. (Note that company refers to the gauge owner’s company, not Troxler Electronic Laboratories.) This information should be readily available to the gauge operator at all times.
  • Page 170 The RSO may also be required to notify the U.S. DOT of accidents during transport. 11. Before shipping a damaged gauge to Troxler, obtain an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number from the Troxler Customer Service Department, as described in the Returning the Gauge for Service section on page C–32.

  • Page 171: Gauge Use Precautions

    GAUGE USE PRECAUTIONS The following precautions should be observed when transporting, storing, maintaining, or operating the gauge. ♦ Never touch the unshielded tip of the source rod with your bare hands. The dose rates on contact with the source rod tip can result in exposures exceeding the annual dose limits to the skin of the extremities within a short time period (about 1 hour).

  • Page 172: 3451 Radiation Profile

    3451 RADIATION PROFILE Table A–1 shows the radiation profile for the Model 3451 gauge. The table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates (in mrem/hour) for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A–4. LEFT SIDE BACK FRONT BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE...
  • Page 173 Table A–1. Radiation Profile for Model 3451 Gauge (Dose Rate in Millirem per Hour) 5 cm 30 cm 100 cm GAUGE <0.1 Front <0.1 Back <0.1 Left Side <0.1 <0.1 Right Side <0.1 <0.1 Bottom GAUGE IN TRANSPORT CASE <0.1 Front <0.1 Back...
  • Page 174 NOTES Model 3451 Appendix A–21...
  • Page 176 APPENDIX B 3451 SPECIFICATIONS This appendix contains gauge and measurement specifications for the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. CONTENTS Measurement Specifications ............B–2 Soil and Asphalt Modes ............B–2 Thin Layer Mode ..............B–4 Radiological Specifications ............B–5 Electrical Specifications ............... B–6 Mechanical Specifications ............

  • Page 177: Measurement Specifications

    MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS SOIL AND ASPHALT MODES SI Units Density at 2000 kg/m Direct Transmission (150 mm) 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (kg/m Composition error (kg/m Surface error (1.25 mm, 100% Void) –18.0 –18.0 –18.0 (kg/m Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (kg/m...
  • Page 178 U.S. Customary Units Density at 125 pcf Direct Transmission (6 in.) 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (pcf) 0.32 0.156 0.08 Composition error (pcf) 0.50 0.50 0.50 Surface error (0.05 in., 100% Void) –1.1 –1.1 –1.1 (pcf) Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (pcf)
  • Page 179 THIN LAYER MODE Precision at 2240 kg/m (140 pcf) kg/m Time (min) Thickness ±1.0 ±16 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) ±0.60 ±10 5.0 cm (2.0 in.) ±0.50 ±8 6.3 cm (2.5 in.) ±0.5 ±8 10.0 cm (4.0 in.) ±8 ±0.50 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) ±5 ±0.30 5.0 cm (2.0 in.)

  • Page 180: Radiological Specifications

    RADIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS 0.30 GBq (8 mCi) ± 10% Cs-137 Gamma Source 1.48 GBq (40 mCi) ± 10% Am-241:Be Neutron Source Source Type Sealed Source – Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel, Encapsulated Shielding Lead, Tungsten Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profile on page A–19 Shipping Case Type A, Yellow II, TI = 0.3 Certificates of...

  • Page 181: Electrical Specifications

    ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Stored Power 32.5 watt-hours Average Current Consumption Ready mode 40 mA Measurement mode 140 mA 2 mA Time Before Automatic 5 hours of complete inactivity Shutdown Power Source(s): Base 5 C NiMH (Rechargeable Pack) batteries 12 V dc ± 5%, 1.8 A minimum Charge Source Battery Recharge Time 2.5 hours maximum, automatic...

  • Page 182: Mechanical Specifications

    MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Gauge Size (w/ handle) 12-inch rod: 604 H × 411 L × 229 W mm (23.8 H × 16.2 L × 9.0 W in.) 8-inch rod: 503 H × 411 L × 229 W mm (19.8 H × 16.2 L × 9.0 W in.) 782 H ×...
  • Page 183 NOTES Appendix B–8...
  • Page 184 APPENDIX C TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE This appendix provides details for troubleshooting and servicing the Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus. For further details, call the nearest Troxler Service Center or representative. CONTENTS Diagnostics Menu ................. C–2 Stat Test .................. C–2 Drift Test ................

  • Page 185: Diagnostics Menu

    If the stat test fails, ensure that the gauge setup and testing was conducted correctly, and take an additional test. If the second test fails, contact the nearest Troxler service center. To access the Stat Test function, press 〈STAT Test〉 on the Diagnostics Menu.
  • Page 186 Figure C–2. Stat Test Menu Figure C–1. Diagnostics Menu As noted earlier, the gauge takes 20 one-minute counts. Upon completion, the PDA displays the raw counts (see Figure C–3). To scroll through the data, press the scroll bar using the stylus. When finished, press 〈Continue〉.
  • Page 187 Figure C–3. View Stat Counts Figure C–4. Stat Test Results Figure C–5. Review Stat Test Appendix C–4...

  • Page 188: Drift Test

    If the drift test fails, ensure that the gauge setup and testing were conducted correctly, and take an additional test. If the second test fails, call the nearest Troxler service center for assistance. NOTE The drift test consists of five 4-minute count, whereas the stat test consists of twenty 1-minute counts.
  • Page 189 Figure C–6. Drift Test Menu The PDA displays To perform a Drift test, place the gauge on the standard block with the source rod in the STD position and click OK. Ensure that the gauge is positioned properly and press 〈OK〉. As noted earlier, the gauge takes five 4-minute counts.
  • Page 190 Figure C–7. View Drift Counts Figure C–8. Drift Test Results Figure C–9. Review Drift Test Model 3451 Appendix C–7...

  • Page 191: Calibrate Depth Strip

    CALIBRATE DEPTH STRIP To calibrate the depth strip, press the 〈Calibrate Depth Strip 〉 button on the Diagnostics Menu (see Figure C–1). The PDA displays the message Depth Verification. Set rod to BS and press OK. Set the source rod to the backscatter position and press the 〈OK〉...

  • Page 192: Troubleshooting

    ✓ Reinstall the battery pack. ✓ The PDA will reboot several times (this may take a few minutes). ✓ Wait until the PDA displays the Troxler menu (see Figure 3–4 on page 3–10). ✓ Turn the gauge on. ✓ Press the 〈Troxler 3451〉 button to initiate communications between the PDA and gauge.
  • Page 193 ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. ✓ Check that the PDA is the one shipped with the gauge. Before leaving the Troxler factory, the transceivers on the gauge and PDA are programmed with a unique, matching address. The PDA can only communicate with the matching gauge.
  • Page 194  If test passes, proceed with job.  If test fails, repeat two more times. If test fails two out of three times, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON ✓ If the rechargeable battery is below 5.5 volts, recharge or replace the batteries (see page C–24).
  • Page 195 SATISFACTORY COUNTS BUT RESULTS ARE IN ERROR ✓ Check that the calibration constants are valid. ✓ Check to see if an offset (density, moisture, trench or special) is enabled. ✓ Ensure the standard counts are correct. SHORT BATTERY LIFE AFTER RECHARGING ✓...

  • Page 196: Error Messages

    ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. ✓ Check that the PDA is the one shipped with the gauge. Before leaving the Troxler factory, the transceivers on the gauge and PDA are programmed with a unique, matching address. The PDA can only communicate with the matching gauge.
  • Page 197 ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. ✓ Check that the PDA is the one shipped with the gauge. Before leaving the Troxler factory, the transceivers on the gauge and PDA are programmed with a unique, matching address. The PDA can only communicate with the matching gauge.
  • Page 198 ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. ✓ Check that the PDA is the one shipped with the gauge. Before leaving the Troxler factory, the transceivers on the gauge and PDA are programmed with a unique, matching address. The PDA can only communicate with the matching gauge.
  • Page 199 ERROR! Invalid Warmup Characters. This error can occur when warming up the gauge. Possible causes: ✓ PDA is not within 4.6 m (15 ft) of the gauge. ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. Error: Math error encountered! Retake the measurement. This error can occur after taking a reading (count) or a partial calibration.
  • Page 200 Error: No special directory exists! This error can occur if the PDA directory/subdirectory structure has been altered. Possible causes: ✓ The special calibration directory has been deleted. ✓ PDA has an internal problem. Error: No specific gravity directory exists! This error can occur if the PDA directory/subdirectory structure has been altered.
  • Page 201 Error! Turning off GPS. This error can occur when turning off the GPS. Possible causes: ✓ PDA is not within 4.6 m (15 ft) of the gauge. ✓ Object in the way of the transmitter/receiver. Invalid Code Entered This error will occur if an illegal or invalid code is entered while trying to change the operator code.
  • Page 202 Moisture offset name must be 20 chars or less! This error can occur when the operator is prompted for the moisture offset name while performing a moisture offset. Possible causes: ✓ Name was greater than 20 characters long. ✓ No name was entered. No marshall value exists! This error can occur if the operator attempts to activate a Marshall value but there is not one available.
  • Page 203 No special calibration exists! This error can occur if the operator attempts to activate a special calibration but there is not one available. Possible causes: ✓ The special calibration has been deleted. ✓ No special calibration was created. No special calibration selected! This error can occur if the operator attempts to enable, disable, view or erase a special calibration but does not select one.
  • Page 204 No voidless density value exists! This error can occur if the operator attempts to activate a voidless density value but there is not one available. Possible causes: ✓ The voidless density value has been deleted. ✓ No voidless density values were created. No voidless density value selected! This error can occur if the operator attempts to enable, disable, view, or erase a voidless density value but does not select one.
  • Page 205 The gauge is not in Safe position! To take a standard count, with the on the standard block with the source rod in STD position and click OK. This error can occur when performing a standard count and Automatic depth strip mode is selected. Possible causes: ✓...
  • Page 206 Thin lift calibration name must be 20 chars or less! This error can occur when the operator is prompted for a thin layer special calibration name while performing a thin layer special calibration. Possible causes: ✓ Name was greater than 20 characters long ✓...

  • Page 207: Batteries

    24 hours of actual use. When the NiMH batteries drop below 5.5 V, the gauge shuts off. Troxler recommends that the operator recharge the NiMH batteries. The NiMH batteries can be fully recharged in only 2.5 hours.
  • Page 208 ✓ Unplug the battery cable from the battery connection on the top circuit board (see Figure C–10). Gently squeeze the connector to disconnect. ✓ Remove the two battery cover screws and set them aside. ✓ Open the battery cover and remove the old NiMH battery pack. ✓...

  • Page 209: Replacing Fuse

    REPLACING FUSE The Model 3451 contains an internal 3/4 A, 2AG, slow-blow fuse (PN 016233). If the gauge will not power up, this fuse may be blown. To replace the fuse: ✓ Turn the gauge off. ✓ Using a 9/64-inch Allen wrench, remove the six screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base.

  • Page 210: Mechanical Maintenance

    MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE CLEANING THE BASE AND TOP SHELL To clean the gauge base, use a putty knife to scrape away any built- up accumulations of soil or asphalt. Be careful not to damage the gauge base! After removing any large accumulations, wipe the gauge base with a cloth soaked in WD-40...

  • Page 211: Lubricating The Source Rod

    LUBRICATING THE SOURCE ROD If the source rod does not slide up and down freely, the source rod bearing may require lubrication. ✓ Using a 9/64-inch Allen wrench, remove the six screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base. ✓...

  • Page 212: Replacement Parts

    REPLACEMENT PARTS PART # DESCRIPTION 107849 O-Ring, Gauge Base 007145 O-Ring, Auxiliary Panel 107846 Gasket, Beeper 107233 Grommet, Tower Index Rod 110361 3451 Topshell 110362 Assembly, I/O Baseboard Cable 107847 Base Plate Assembly 107276 3451 Bottom Plate 012754 Ring Scraper (for Bottom Plate) 012753 Ring Retaining (for Scraper Ring) 013200...

  • Page 213: Accessories

    ACCESSORIES PART # DESCRIPTION 110422.3451 3451 Shipping Case/Carton Assembly 100421 Forged Drill Rod 107795 Scraper Plate Weldment 103680.1000 Extraction Tool 107830 Reference Standard Block Assembly 110403 AC Charger, 12 V CE (for gauge only) 104156 DC Charger (for gauge only) 110399 3451 User Manual 110423...

  • Page 214: Pda Options

    PDA OPTIONS PART # DESCRIPTION 110707 PDA Dock Station, including: 110695 Single Dock, USB/Ethernet 110696 AC Adapter for Dock Station – Requires PN 110690 AC Power Cord 110690 AC Power Cord 110697 USB Communications Cable 110709 PDA Battery Pack Charger Kit 110705 PDA Battery Pack, Lithium Ion, Spare 110706...

  • Page 215: Returning The Gauge For Service

    RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number, and a description of the instrument and its problem. This information is used by Troxler shipping and service personnel to expedite the repair work. To obtain and RGA number, please contact the factory or branch office with your request.
  • Page 216 APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING Devices containing radioactive materials must be transported in accordance with the rules of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA recommendations have been codified in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.

  • Page 217: U.s. Shipping Requirements

    The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United States are listed below. For more detailed information about these requirements, please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide. ♦ A copy of the current IAEA Certificate of Competent Authority for each source in the gauge (Special Form Certificate) must be kept on file.

  • Page 218: Accident Notification Requirements

    ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS In the event of a reportable incident involving radioactive material, notify the licensing agency as soon as practical. The operator is also required to notify, at the earliest practical moment, the U.S. DOT at 1-800-424-8802 of an accident that occurs during the course of transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage) in which fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of radioactive materials.
  • Page 219 Type A Package Testing Results for Model 3451 Water Spray Test: Subject the package to a water spray simulating rainfall of approximately 2 inches per hour for 1 continuous hour. Results: Engineering evaluation – Water exposure of the magnitude required by the regulations would not affect the shielding or containment integrity of the package.

  • Page 220: Canadian Shipping Requirements

    CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) and Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM) apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada. For training and accident notification requirements, consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations.
  • Page 221 NOTES Appendix D–6...

  • Page 222: Appendix E. Standard Count Log

    APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts. To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts. Model 3451 Appendix E–1...
  • Page 223 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–2...
  • Page 224 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3451 Appendix E–3...
  • Page 225 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–4...
  • Page 226 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3451 Appendix E–5...
  • Page 227 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–6...
  • Page 228 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3451 Appendix E–7...
  • Page 229 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–8...
  • Page 230 APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION The Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus can display measurement results in either SI (metric) units or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the SI unit of becquerel (Bq).

  • Page 231: Measurement Units

    MEASUREMENT UNITS 1 in. = 25.4 mm 1 in. = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 30.48 cm 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m 1 pcf = 1.6 × 10 g/cm RADIOLOGICAL UNITS 1 rem = 0.01 Sv 1 Ci = 37 GBq 1 mCi = 37 MBq 1 µCi = 37 kBq...
  • Page 232 APPENDIX G SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS This section applies only to those Troxler Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus gauges with the CE mark that are to be used in European countries. CONTENTS Declaration of Conformity ............G–2 Safety Warnings ................G–3 Model 3451 Appendix G–1...

  • Page 233: Declaration Of Conformity

    EN 55011:1998, EN 61000-3-2:1955, EN 91000-3-3:1995 Immunity: EN 61000-4-2:1995, EN 61000-4-3:1995, EN 61000-4-4:1995, EN 61000-4-5:1995, EN 61000-4-6:1995, EN 61000-4-11:1995 Manufacturer: Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. P.O. Box 12057 3008 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 U.S.A. Apparatus: Model 3451 Enhanced RoadReader Plus...

  • Page 234: Safety Warnings

    If these sections are not completely understood, users should seek assistance from Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative, or others designated within the user's organization. The following list of safety warnings applies to gauges with the CE mark and that are to be used in European countries.
  • Page 235 NOTES Appendix G–4...
  • Page 236 INDEX AC charger ..................1–8 Access code ..................xv Accessories .................1–8, C–30 Accident notification..............D–3 Accuracy ................2–6, 4–2 ActiveSync, PDA configuration ..........3–13 Adapter, dc ..................1–8 Air voids ..................5–14 Alpha particles ................A–4 American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards ... 1–3 Americium-241:beryllium (Am-241:Be) ........
  • Page 237 Calculator ..................3–11 Calibrate depth strip ..............C–8 Calibration ................2–6, 3–16 Moisture..................6–5 Offset ..................6–2 Soil ..................6–14 Special ..................6–14 Thin layer ................6–20 Trench ..................6–12 View constants (using Data Manager)........7–12 Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) ..1–3, D–5, A–14 Canadian shipping requirements ..........
  • Page 238 Depth Calibrate ................... C–8 Mode ..................5–10 Of measurement ................ 2–3 Strip..................5–10 Detectors ................1–8, 2–2 Direct transmission ............... 2–2, 3–5 Site preparation ................. 4–7 Disable Project ..................3–23 Target value ................5–18 Disposal ..................A–15 Download Project configuration............... 7–12 Project data ................
  • Page 239 Gamma rays ................. B–5, A–4 Gaskets, replacing ..............C–28 Gauge Setup menu ................5–2 Status Menu ................3–24 Temperature ................B–7 Gauge options ................C–30 Geiger-Mueller (G-M) tubes ............2–2 Global positioning system (GPS) ..........1–5 Initialization............... 1–6, 3–9 Location ...................
  • Page 240 Manage project data ..............7–6 Manual depth mode ..............5–10 Marshall value ................5–14 Measurement specifications ............B–2 Mode Asphalt ................4–15, 5–5 Backscatter ................2–2 Backscatter ................4–9 Concrete .................. 4–15 Depth ..................5–10 Direct transmission ............2–2, 4–7 Measurement ................
  • Page 241 Parts ....................1–8 Replacement ................C–29 PDA options ................C–31 Percent air voids ................5–14 Photons ................. 2–2, A–4 Power switch Gauge................. 3–4, 3–8 PDA ................... 3–8 Precautions ................. A–17 Precision ..................B–2 Print Project configuration ............... 7–17 Project data ..............7–9, 7–20 Proctor value................
  • Page 242 Radiation Converting units ................ F–1 Dose ..................A–5 Exposure .................. A–6 Monitoring ................A–8 Profile ..................A–18 Safety ..................A–5 Specifications ................B–5 Theory ..................A–2 Types..................A–4 Radioactivity ................A–3 Reading ..................4–10 Asphalt ..................4–15 Concrete .................. 4–15 Soil ..................
  • Page 243 Shielding ................B–5, A–7 Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods ........ D–2 Shipping Canadian requirements ............. D–5 Case ................. 1–8, B–7, B–5 U.S. requirements ..............D–2 Site Preparing test ................4–7 Standard count ................4–2 Soil Mode specifications ..............B–2 Special calibration ..............6–14 Specific gravity ................
  • Page 244 Taking measurements ..............4–10 Target value ................5–14 Disable ..................5–18 Enable ..................5–18 Enter ..................5–16 Erase ..................5–17 View ..................5–17 Temperature ..................B–7 Test Drift...................C–5 Leak ..................5–11 Site preparation ................. 4–7 Stat ....................C–2 Theory ................... 2–1 Density ..................
  • Page 245 Troubleshooting................C–9 Tungsten blocks, cleaning ............A–11 Type A package testing results ............. D–4 U.S. shipping requirements ............D–2 Unit conversion ................F–1 Units (measurement) ..............5–4 Unpacking ................... 1–11 User code ..................5–9 Vertical structure offset ..........2–6, 6–2, 6–12 View Calibration constants (using Data Manager) ......
  • Page 246 NOTES Model 3451 Warranty–1...
  • Page 247 18 months from date of shipment. Products sold, not as an internal part of the Model 3451 unit manufactured by TROXLER such as the Pocket PC PDA, shall be warranted by the original equipment manufacturer of such products. TROXLER will facilitate warranty service to the original equipment manufacturer on behalf of the customer effective from the date of shipment.

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