Page 1 Manual of Operation and Instruction Model 3450 RoadReader™ Plus Surface Moisture-Density Gauge Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. 3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: 1.877.TROXLER Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661 Fax: +1.919.549.0761 www.troxlerlabs.com...
Page 2 Troxler gauges are protected by U.S. and foreign patents Copyright ♥ 1996–2009 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including...
Page 3 SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL The Safety Alert Symbol shall appear within this manual. Wherever it appears in this manual or on safety signs affixed to the machine, this is to make all aware of the potential for personal injury and to be cautious when these images are present.
Page 4 11300 Sanders Drive, Suite 7 Rancho Cordova, CA 95742 Fax: 916.631.0541 Troxler European Subsidiary Troxler Electronics GMbH Gilchinger Strasse 33 D.82239 Alling nr. Munich, Germany Phone: ++49.8141.71063 Fax: ++49.8141.80731 E-mail: troxler@t-online.de NOTE To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service center near you, call 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537).
Page 5 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. Troxler continues the proven technology of its 3400 Series surface moisture-density gauges with the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. The Model 3450 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on safely using this gauge.
Page 6 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL Throughout this manual, symbols and special formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the text as follows: WARNING Indicates conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause personal injury. CAUTION Indicates conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause equipment damage.
Page 7 NOTES Model 3450...
Page 8: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3450 Introduction ................... 1–2 Gauge Parts and Accessories ............1–4 Unpacking and Inspection ............1–6 CHAPTER 2. THEORY OF OPERATION Density ..................2–2 Moisture ..................2–3 Thin Layer ..................2–5 Calibration ..................2–6 CHAPTER 3.
Page 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDIX B. 3450 SPECIFICATIONS Measurement Specifications ............B–2 Radiological Specifications ............B–5 Electrical Specifications ............... B–6 Mechanical Specifications ............B–8 APPENDIX C. TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Stat Test ..................C–3 Drift Test ..................C–5 Source Decay ................C–8 Troubleshooting................
Page 10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 1–1 Model 3450 Parts and Accessories ......1–4 2–1 Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement ... 2–4 3–1 Model 3450 Illustration ..........3–2 3–2 Model 3450 Keypad ..........3–4 3–3 Source Rod Positions ..........3–5 4–1 Standard Count Position ..........
Page 11 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 3–1 Model 3450 Keypad Functions ........3–3 A–1 Radiation Profile for Model 3450 Gauge ....A–20...
Page 12 ATTENTION 3450 GAUGE OWNER This unit contains functions that require an ACCESS CODE. This code must be entered before these functions may be used. The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is: 4698 This page should be removed if the access code is not to be distributed to other parties or users of this gauge.
Page 13 NOTES...
Page 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3450 This chapter provides a brief overview of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus, and includes a list of the gauge parts and accessories, and instructions for unpacking and inspecting the gauge. CONTENTS Introduction ................... 1–2 Gauge Parts and Accessories ............
Page 15: Introduction
Troxler has combined the proven technology of its 3400 (moisture/density) and 4640 (thin layer density) gauges to produce the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. The 3450 meets or exceeds all applicable American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards (or corresponding equivalent), including: ♦...
Page 16 Appendices A and D, which cover radiological safety, should be required reading for all users and potential users. If these appendices are not completely understood, users should seek assistance from Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative, or others designated within the user's organization.
Page 17: Gauge Parts And Accessories
GAUGE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Figure 1–1. Model 3450 Parts and Accessories 1–4...
Page 18 1. The Gauge is the portable instrument containing all electronic modules, the rechargeable battery pack, detectors, and the radioactive sources. 2. The Reference Standard Block provides a measurement standard for standard counts. It is also used during stability and drift tests. 3.
Page 19: Unpacking And Inspection
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Troxler recommends that the operator wear a dosimeter while working with the gauge. Upon receipt of the gauge from the factory, perform a complete inspection and inventory. If the shipping case and/or any other part or accessory appears damaged, notify the carrier and your Troxler Representative immediately.
Page 20 CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF OPERATION This chapter provides a brief description of the theory of operation of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. The direct transmission and backscatter modes of operation are illustrated, along with an explanation of the cesium-137 source, americium-241:beryllium source, and detector geometry.
Page 21: Density
DENSITY The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus uses two modes of operation: direct transmission mode (with the source rod extended into the material to be measured) and backscatter mode (with the source rod in the backscatter position). Source rod positions are described in Chapter 3.
Page 22: Moisture
MOISTURE The Model 3450 uses the principle of neutron thermalization to monitor the moisture content of a material. The gauge includes an americium-241:beryllium (Am-241:Be) source that is fixed in the gauge’s base. Fast neutrons emitted by the Am-241:Be source pass into the test material.
Page 23 Figure 2–1. Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement 2–4...
Page 24: Thin Layer
THIN LAYER The Model 3450 contains two sets of G-M tubes for photon detection. The set closest to the source rod is referred to as System 1, while the set farthest from the source rod is System 2. When the source rod is in the backscatter position, the source and the detectors are on approximately the same plane.
Page 25: Calibration
CALIBRATION Troxler calibrates the 3450 gauge at the factory. The operating range of the gauge is from 1100 to 2700 kg/m (70 to 170 pcf). Troxler also calibrates the Model 3450 for thin layer measurements. The thin layer factory calibration covers a thickness range of 2.5 to 10 cm (1.0 to 4.0 in.).
Page 26 CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED This chapter provides details on getting started with the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. It describes the 3450 keypad, and provides instructions for conducting daily gauge inspections, turning the gauge on, and setting up the gauge.
Page 27: Model 3450 Illustration
MODEL 3450 ILLUSTRATION Figure 3–1 illustrates various components of the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus referred to throughout this chapter and the remainder of the manual. Figure 3–1. Model 3450 Illustration 3–2...
Page 28: Keypad
KEYPAD The Model 3450 keypad (Figure 3–2) allows the operator to access the gauge software. Troxler designed the keypad for ease of use, with large keys and an anti-glare coating. Pressing a function key activates the function only if the gauge is in the Ready mode. Table 3–1 describes the function of each key.
Page 29 Table 3–1. Model 3450 Keypad Functions (Continued) FUNCTION 〈YES〉 Respond yes to yes/no questions. 〈NO〉 Respond no to yes/no questions. 〈0〉 .. 〈9〉 Enter numbers and access menu options. 〈.〉 Enter a decimal point. 〈LIGHT〉 Manually turn on the LCD backlight feature. 〈↑〉, 〈↓〉...
Page 30: Source Rod Positions
SOURCE ROD POSITIONS As shown in Figure 3–3, the source rod can be placed in the SAFE, backscatter, or direct transmission positions. When not taking measurements, keep the source rod in the SAFE position. When measuring thin layer or other materials through which you cannot drill a hole, use the backscatter position.
Page 31: Daily Inspection
DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features. Refer to page A–10 for the daily inspection procedure. 3–6...
Page 32: Turning The Gauge On
TURNING THE GAUGE ON To turn on the gauge, press the 〈ON〉 key. The gauge will briefly display the model number and software version. The software then performs two tests to ensure that the gauge is working properly. First, the software tests the display. Second, the gauge performs a self-test.
Page 33 (other than the 〈ON〉 or 〈OFF〉 keys). Before taking measurements, read this manual carefully. If you do not completely understand the sections that cover radiation safety, contact your company radiation safety officer (RSO) or the nearest Troxler representative. 3–8...
Page 34: Setup
SETUP After turning the gauge on for the first time, set up the software. The gauge stores the software setup, so the operator does not need to enter a new setup each time the gauge is turned on. Although the values noted below may be changed at any time.
Page 35: Gauge Setup (Special Key)
Before selecting 〈4〉 Print Status, check the printer setup (see page 3–13). On any given screen, there may be more information than can display on a single screen. These screens are indicated with an up/down arrow in the top, right corner. To scroll through the displays, use the keypad's arrow keys.
Page 36: Time/Date (Special Key)
TIME/DATE (SPECIAL KEY) The Time/Date setup option allows the operator to change the time, date, and time/date display format. To access the feature, press 〈1〉 Set Time/Date at the Gauge Setup menu (see previous page). This option requires an access code. At the gauge prompt, use the number keys to enter the access code (see page xi).
Page 37 Date From the Time/Date menu on the previous page, change the date by selecting 〈2〉 Change Date. Current Date: 02/28/2002 Input Date Then Press ENTER Use the number keys to enter the correct month and year, then press the 〈ENTER〉 key. (This example uses the mm/dd/yyyy format. The format can be changed to dd/mm/yyyy, as described in the following section.) The gauge updates the date and returns to the Time/Date screen.
Page 38: Printer (Special Key)
PRINTER (SPECIAL KEY) The Printer Set-Up feature allows the operator to set up the gauge to communicate with an RS-232C serial device such as a printer or computer. See Chapter 5 and Appendix C for information on how to print data. To access the Printer Set-Up feature, press 〈2〉...
Page 39: Depth Indicator (Special Key)
DEPTH INDICATOR (SPECIAL KEY) The Depth Indicator feature allows the operator to set the depth mode and to calibrate the depth indicator. The depth mode tells the gauge how it will receive data about the source rod depth. The Model 3450 offers two depth modes: automatic and manual. In the automatic mode, the gauge software reads a depth strip on the index rod to determine the source rod depth.
Page 40: Beeper Level (Special Key)
BEEPER LEVEL (SPECIAL KEY) The Beeper Level feature allows the operator to adjust the loudness of the beeper. To access this feature, press 〈4〉 Set Beeper Level at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3–9. Set Beeper Level: 1- Soft 2- Loud 3- Extra Loud To select a menu option, use the corresponding number key.
Page 41 NOTE Using the display backlight reduces the battery life. The display backlight operates only from the charged NiCad batteries. If the NiCad batteries are not charged, or if the control unit is disconnected from the gauge, the gauge uses the alkaline batteries, and therefore the backlight will not operate.
Page 42: Sleep Mode/Display Timeout (Special Key)
SLEEP MODE/DISPLAY TIMEOUT (SPECIAL KEY) To conserve power, the Model 3450 provides a sleep mode. If a key is not pressed within a set timeout, the gauge turns the display off. This is the sleep mode. When the gauge sleeps, it does not forget its previous state or lose data.
Page 43: Set Units (Special Key)
SET UNITS (SPECIAL KEY) The Model 3450 can display measurement results in either metric (SI) or U.S. units. To set the units, press 〈8〉 Set Units at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3–9. UNITS In pcf 1- pcf 2- kg/m3 3- g/cm3 The gauge displays the current units on the first line.
Page 44: Count Time
Setup menu. COUNT TIME The count time defines how long the gauge reads. Longer count times produce better measurement precision. Troxler recommends a count time of one minute for most sample measurements. To change the count time, press the 〈TIME〉 key.
Page 45 The Model 3450 can store up to four Proctor, Marshall, or voidless density target values. The gauge can also store three sets of Marshall and voidless density value pairs. The gauge uses the target values to determine the percent compaction after it has determined the density of the test material.
Page 46 ENABLE A DISPLAYED VALUE. To enable a displayed target value, press the number key that matches the number beside the target value on the Target Value menu. The gauge will enable the target value and return to the Target Value menu. Return to the Ready screen by pressing the 〈ESC〉...
Page 47 Marshall Value/Voidless Density Pairs To edit a density pair target, press 〈4〉 New Pair at the Target menu. The gauge displays the Pairs menu: 1- V=xxxx MA=xxxx 2- V=xxxx MA=xxxx 3- V=xxxx MA=xxxx 4-New Pair 5-Disable The Pairs menu shows the three stored sets of Marshall and voidless density value pairs and the New Pair and Disable options.
Page 48: Measurement Mode
The gauge displays the voidless density and Marshall values entered, and asks if the operator wants to store the pair. To store the pair, press 〈YES〉. Pressing 〈NO〉 allows the operator to use the values without storing them for later use. The gauge can store the pair in one of three memory cells.
Page 49: Qa Sampling (Special Key)
If the Thin Layer mode is selected, the gauge prompts for the overlay thickness. Use the number keys to enter the overlay thickness, and press the 〈ENTER〉 key. The gauge enables the selected measurement mode and returns to the Ready display. QA SAMPLING (SPECIAL KEY) The QA Sampling function generates random sample locations.
Page 50 Set Up QA Sample Locations To set up the QA sampling mode, press 〈1〉 Set-Up Locations at the QA Sampling menu. QA Sampling Enter Average Sample Separation: xxxx Press ENTER Enter the average sample separation, up to 1000 (QA test strip length divided by the number of samples to be taken).
Page 51: Number Averages (Special Key)
After all measurements have been completed, the gauge calculates the average density of the test material. When taking counts on thin layer asphalt, Troxler recommends averaging four one-minute readings (see the Thin Layer Mode section on page 4–14).
Page 52: Air Voids (Special Key)
% AIR VOIDS (SPECIAL KEY) The gauge uses the specific gravity of the material to calculate percent air voids and void ratio in soil mode only. The % Air Voids feature allows the operator to enter the specific gravity of a material and disable or enable the percent air voids display.
Page 53 NOTES 3–28...
Page 54 CHAPTER 4 USING THE GAUGE This chapter explains the basic use of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. Basic use includes taking the daily standard count, preparing measurement sites, setting the measurement mode, and taking measurements. CONTENTS Taking a Standard Count .............. 4–2 Preparing a Test Site ..............
Page 55: Taking A Standard Count
TAKING A STANDARD COUNT To adjust readings for source decay (see Appendix A) and natural background radiation, take a daily standard count. A four-minute daily standard count helps ensure the highest measurement accuracy. Locate the reference standard block shipped with the gauge. Always take standard counts using the reference standard block.
Page 56 Place the reference standard block on the standard count site. As shown in Figure 4–1, place the gauge on the reference standard block, with the right side (keypad side) of the gauge against the metal butt plate. Ensure that the source rod is in the standard (SAFE) position and is firmly seated by gently tapping the handle of the source rod.
Page 57 Troxler recommends that the operator keep a daily log of the moisture and density standard counts (see Appendix E). To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows: ♦ During the first four days of operation of a new or recalibrated gauge, compare the daily standard count to the factory- calibrated values.
Page 58 If not, repeat the procedure.If it still fails, perform a stat test (see page C–3) and a drift test (see page C–5), then contact your Troxler representative. ► If the standard count fails and it has been less than a month since the last standard count, but the count was performed correctly and the failure is less than 5%, press the 〈YES〉...
Page 59: Preparing A Test Site
PREPARING A TEST SITE To ensure measurement accuracy, properly prepare the test site before taking gauge measurements. This section describes how to prepare test sites properly for soil and asphalt measurements. SOIL SITE ✓ Locate a smooth site on the soil free from any large holes, cracks, or debris.
Page 60 Figure 4–2. Drill Rod Assembly ✓ Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the extraction tool. Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with a hammer. Also, do not rock the extraction tool from side to side.
Page 61: Asphalt Site
ASPHALT SITE This also applies to hardened concrete sites and soil. NOTE These directions also apply to taking a backscatter measurement on soil. ✓ Locate a smooth site on the asphalt. ✓ Fill the voids on open mixes with sand or cement. The gauge base must rest on the asphalt, not the fill material! ✓...
Page 62: Taking Measurements
TAKING MEASUREMENTS NOTE When not taking readings, always keep the source rod in the SAFE (shielded) position. For added user safety, the source rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle. If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position, look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed.
Page 63: Soil Mode
SOIL MODE To measure the moisture and density of soil, soil-stone aggregate, and similar materials, follow the steps below: ✓ Select the Soil mode (see page 3–23). ✓ If desired, enter, change, or enable the Proctor value (see page 3–19). ✓...
Page 64 NOTE Prior to countdown, the gauge may display Please Wait for five seconds. This occurs if the baseboard electronics require warmup prior to starting the measurement. ✓ The gauge will display the time remaining while taking a measurement. ✓ After the count time, the gauge displays the measurement results.
Page 65: Asphalt Mode
ASPHALT MODE To measure the density of asphalt (and hardened concrete of 4 inches or more) follow the steps below: ✓ Select the Asphalt mode (see page 3–23). ✓ If desired, enter or enable the Marshall value, voidless density value, or Marshall value/voidless density pair (see page 3–19). ✓...
Page 66 ✓ After the count time, the gauge displays the measurement results. %MA = xxxxx % WD = xxxxx pcf %VOIDS = xxxxx where: %MA = percent Marshall WD = wet density 1 – WD × %VOIDS = 100 VOIDLESS (displayed only when enabled) If a project is enabled (see the Handling Project Data section on page 5–5), press the 〈STORE〉...
Page 67: Thin Layer Mode
THIN LAYER MODE To measure the density of thin layer asphalt, follow the steps below. When taking counts after a core has been removed, Troxler recommends averaging four one-minute readings taken around the core site, as shown in Figure 4–4. If no core has been removed, place the gauge over the test site, as shown in Figure 4–5.
Page 68 Figure 4–5. Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site ✓ Prepare the test site as described on page 4–8 for a backscatter measurement. ✓ Place the gauge on the test area. ✓ Press the 〈START〉 key. Ready For Count 1 of x Place in BS Then Press START ✓...
Page 69 ✓ After taking all the counts, the gauge displays the measurement results. %MA = xxxxx % D = xxxxx pcf %VOIDS = xxxxx where: %MA = percent Marshall D = density 1 – D × %VOIDS = 100 VOIDLESS (displayed only when enabled) Press the 〈STORE〉...
Page 70 CHAPTER 5 PROJECT DATA The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus allows unique project numbers to be entered into the gauge memory. Subsequent measurements can then be stored under this project number. This chapter describes how to handle project data. CONTENTS Separating the Control Unit ............
Page 71: Separating The Control Unit
– EUROPEAN COUNTRIES – Do not separate the control unit from the base. Doing so will result in non-compliance with EMC directive. Call your Troxler representative for additional information. The control unit of the Model 3450 can be separated easily from the gauge.
Page 72 Place the gauge base in a secure location where liquid and dirt cannot enter the gauge (which could damage the baseboard assembly in the bottom of the gauge). The gauge NiCad batteries can be charged with the control unit detached. The control unit can now be operated independently of the gauge.
Page 73 Gently place the control unit inside the gauge and tighten the four screws in the corners of the keypad. Turn the gauge on. If the gauge displays Baseboard Not Connected, then the ribbon cable is not connected properly. Check between the baseboard and the control unit connector again.
Page 74: Handling Project Data
HANDLING PROJECT DATA The Model 3450 can store up to 1000 readings. The gauge stores the readings under project names, with up to 620 readings per project. Storing additional project data such as notes will reduce the maximum number of stored readings. The Project and Store functions allow handling of project data.
Page 75: Create A Project
CREATE A PROJECT To create a new project, press 〈2〉 at the Project menu shown on the previous page. Project Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Press ENTER Enter a project name or number at this screen. By default, the number keys are enabled.
Page 76: View Data
VIEW DATA The Model 3450 offers two methods of viewing data. The operator can view either the last measurement results, or any project data, including project notes. To view the last measurement results, press the 〈RECALL〉 key. Use the arrow keys to scroll through the displays. Return to the Ready screen by pressing the 〈ESC〉...
Page 77 To connect the gauge to a printer or computer, remove the cover from the 9-pin serial port on the back of the gauge. Connect a serial printer cable to the gauge serial port. Connect the serial printer cable to the printer (or computer) serial port. At the Project menu shown on page 5–5, press 〈4〉.
Page 78: Erase Projects
ERASE PROJECTS At the Project menu shown on page 5–5, press 〈5〉. The gauge displays the Erase Project menu: #: Your Project Erase This Project Erase All Projects From this menu, the operator can erase either a single project or all projects.
Page 79: Storing Data
STORING DATA The Model 3450 can store up to 1,000 readings. The gauge stores readings under the project name that has been enabled. The gauge can store up to 620 readings per project. The operator can retrieve, print, and upload stored project data. For more information on selecting a project, see page 5–5.
Page 80: Edit Project Notes
EDIT PROJECT NOTES Project notes may be edited with the Edit Notes function. To edit the notes of the selected project (the project displayed on the last line of the Ready screen), press the 〈SPECIAL〉 key. At the Special functions menu, press 〈3〉 to access the Memory Function menu. At the Memory Function menu, press 〈1〉.
Page 81: Full Store
FULL STORE The 3450 gauge includes a Full Store feature, which provides prompted data entry of measurement conditions after each store. When this feature is enabled, the gauge prompts the operator for information required on FHWA projects. This information is stored in the project with the reading, and can be viewed, printed, or uploaded to a computer with the project data.
Page 82 3– Vib Sheepsfoot 4– Vibratory Roller 5– Static Roller – Density required Full Store Prompts, Soil Mode – Stone – Station Number – Relative position 2– Stone – Lift Number – Thickness – Test for: 1– Plain aggregate 2– Cement stone –...
Page 83 Enabling Full Store To enable the Full Store feature, press the 〈SPECIAL〉 key. At the Special functions menu, press 〈3〉 to access the Memory Function menu. At the Memory Function menu, press 〈3〉. The gauge displays the status of the Full Store feature on the first line. Full Store: DISABLED 1- Enable 2- Disable...
Page 84 CHAPTER 6 ADJUSTING MEASUREMENTS This chapter explains how to adjust gauge readings using offsets, and how to create a special calibration. CONTENTS Calibration Offset ................. 6–2 Wet Density Offset ..............6–3 Moisture Offset ..............6–4 Trench Offset................6–9 Special Calibration ..............6–11 Density Special Calibration ..........
Page 85: Calibration Offset
CALIBRATION OFFSET Troxler calibrates the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus at the factory for use on soils, asphalt, and concrete. The operating range of the gauge is 1100 to 2700 kg/m (70 to 170 pcf). If the gauge is to be used on materials outside of this range, the operator can adjust the gauge using an offset.
Page 86: Wet Density Offset
WET DENSITY OFFSET The wet density offset is the difference between the gauge reading and the actual density. To access the wet density offset functions, press 〈OFFSET〉 to access the Offset menu. Then press 〈1〉 to access the Wet Density Offset. Wet Density Offset: xxxx kg/m3 1-Enable...
Page 87: Moisture Offset
MOISTURE OFFSET The moisture offset (k) is determined by comparing the moisture of a laboratory sample with the gauge moisture reading. With the Model 3450, the operator can either allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset or enter the moisture offset manually. To select a stored moisture offset or to allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset, see below.
Page 88 Gauge-Derived Moisture Offset To allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset, the operator must take readings with the gauge and then enter the true moisture derived by an oven dry or similar method. The Model 3450 can store one partial offset. A partial offset allows the operator to take readings and enter the true moisture at different times.
Page 89 MEASURING THE MOISTURE. To measure the moisture, press 〈1〉 Measure Moisture. Place Gauge On Surface To Be Tested Press START For 4 One-Minute Counts Prepare the test site as described on page 4–6. Place the gauge on the test site and position the source rod in the measurement position. Press the 〈START〉...
Page 90 ENTERING TRUE MOISTURE. Under normal circumstances, the true moisture will be entered at a time later than the measured moisture. If measured moisture has been stored as a partial offset, return to the Moisture Offset menu found directly above and press 〈2〉.
Page 91 Enter Moisture Offset (Keypad Entry) Use standard laboratory methods (for example, oven drying, and so on) to determine the true moisture content of a sample taken at the measurement site (%M Take a gauge reading at the site. Record the reading (%M GAUGE Take multiple samples and measurements, and calculate the average moisture of the samples.
Page 92: Trench Offset
TRENCH OFFSET To use the Model 3450 in a trench or within 0.6 m (2 ft) of a large vertical surface, first perform a trench offset. The trench offset adjusts all moisture and density measurements from backscatter to 4 inches. For direct transmission measurements over 4 inches deep, only the moisture measurement needs to be adjusted.
Page 93 The gauge displays the progress of the standard count operation. After the standard count, the gauge displays: New Trench Offset TMO = xxxx TDO = xxxx xxxx Want To Accept? To enable the new trench offset, press the 〈YES〉 key. To create another trench offset, press the 〈NO〉...
Page 94: Special Calibration
SPECIAL CALIBRATION The Special Calibration features allow the operator to recalibrate Model 3450 soil and thin layer readings. Special calibrations are specific for the test material and measurement depth. The gauge can store four density special calibrations and four thin-layer special calibrations.
Page 95 The gauge displays a special calibration on the first line, if one exists in gauge memory. The following text provides details on the Special Calibration function. Enable a Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the special calibrations. When the gauge displays the desired special calibration, press 〈1〉.
Page 96 Create a Special Calibration To create a special calibration, the operator must take readings with the gauge and enter the true density. The Model 3450 can store one partial calibration. A partial calibration allows the operator to enter the true density or take readings at different times. To create a special calibration, press 〈4〉...
Page 97 The gauge displays: SPECIAL CALIB Depth: xxx in Time 4 min Press START Begin the measurement by pressing the 〈START〉 key. The gauge displays the progress. Then, it displays the reading. Press the 〈ENTER〉 key. Special Calibration 1-Input True Density 2-Store Partial Calibration To enter the true density now, press 〈1〉...
Page 98 Edit a Partial Special Calibration If a partial calibration was saved earlier, the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before. Select the value to be completed. If the value already entered is selected, the gauge prompts the operator to overwrite.
Page 99: Thin Layer Special Calibration
The thin layer special calibration uses the average of 3 to 20 measurements. Troxler recommends averaging one-minute readings taken on a test site (see Figure 6–1 on page 6–13) or around a core site (as shown in Figure 6–2).
Page 100 Figure 6–2. Taking Measurements Around a Core Site Disable a Thin Layer Special Calibration To disable the last enabled thin layer special calibration, press 〈2〉 at the Thin Lift Special menu. The gauge disables the last enabled thin layer special calibration and returns to the Ready screen. View a Thin Layer Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the thin layer special calibrations.
Page 101 The gauge displays the thin layer special calibration name and both B values. To return to the Thin Lift Special menu, press the 〈ENTER〉 key. Return to the Ready screen by pressing the 〈ESC〉 key. Create a Thin Layer Special Calibration To create a thin layer special calibration, the operator must take readings with the gauge and enter the core density.
Page 102 Lift Averages _ _ (3-20) Then Press ENTER When taking counts on thin layer asphalt, Troxler recommends averaging large numbers of readings over the same material to ensure results that are more accurate. Use at least ten (10) gauge readings before cutting cores. Enter the number of measurements the gauge is to average, and press the 〈ENTER〉...
Page 103 To enter the true densities now, press 〈1〉 Input True Density and follow the gauge prompts to complete the calibration. To enter the true density later, create a partial calibration by pressing 〈2〉 Store Partial Calibration. Entering the True Densities. Return to Thin Special Calibration menu shown on page 6–18.
Page 104 The gauge displays: Input Number of Thin Lift Averages _ _ (3-20) Then Press ENTER Enter the number of measurements the gauge is to average. Press the 〈ENTER〉 key. Ready For Count 1 Of xx Place in BS Then Press START With the source rod in the backscatter position, begin the measurement by pressing the 〈START〉...
Page 105 Erase Thin Layer Special Calibrations At the Thin Lift Special menu shown on page 6–16, press 〈5〉 Erase. The gauge displays: SP CAL: 1- Erase This Sp Cal 2- Erase All Sp Cal From this menu, the operator can erase either a single thin layer special calibration or all thin layer special calibrations.
Page 106 RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY This appendix is required reading for anyone who will use the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. This appendix covers topics related to radiation theory and the safe operation of the gauge. A brief overview of the regulatory requirements related to the ownership and use of the gauge, as well as a listing of radiation safety-related warnings and cautions, is included.
Page 107: Radiation Theory
RADIATION THEORY A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual, provided at the Troxler Safety Class. ATOMIC STRUCTURE All matter is made up of atoms. For example, water has two atoms...
Page 108: Radioactivity
RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is the spontaneous transformation (or disintegration) of an unstable nucleus into a more stable configuration accompanied by the emission of radiation. The quantity of a radioactive material is measured in terms of the average number of nuclear disintegrations per unit time. The traditional unit of measure for radioactivity (or activity) is the curie (Ci), which is defined as 3.7 ×...
Page 109: Types Of Radiation
TYPES OF RADIATION The radioactive sources in the Model 3450 produce four types of radiation: Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma rays (photons) Neutrons The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule. Therefore, they present no external hazard to personnel. Only the gamma and neutron radiation from sealed sources contribute to any occupational radiation exposure.
Page 110: Radiation Safety
RADIATION SAFETY This section discusses the principles of general radiation safety. This information includes specific procedures for operating, inspecting, cleaning, and leak testing the gauge to ensure safe operation.. RADIATION DOSE Ionization cannot be detected by any of the human senses (sight, touch, hearing, smell).
Page 111: Limiting Exposure
LIMITING EXPOSURE Under average conditions, an individual working with the 3450 gauge will receive less than 200 millirem per year. A basic principle of radiation protection is that radiation exposure should be kept as far below the limits as is reasonably achievable. This is known as the ALARA (as low as reasonable achievable) principle.
Page 112 Figure A–2. Effect of Distance on Exposure Shielding Shielding is any material used to reduce the radiation exposure rate from a radioactive source. The 3450 gauge has some built-in shielding, which reduces the exposure rate. When gauges are in storage, additional shielding may be necessary to keep exposure to personnel in adjacent areas below the dose limits for members of the public.
Page 113: Personnel Monitoring
Film badges are typically exchanged and processed monthly due to concerns about film fading. TLD badges are usually exchanged quarterly. Troxler offers NVLAP-certified personnel monitoring services using TLD badges. In Canada, nuclear gauge users are not normally classified as Atomic Radiation Workers.
Page 114: Source Rod Inspection
SOURCE ROD INSPECTION To ensure the integrity of the source rod, Troxler recommends that a qualified Troxler service person inspect the gauge and the source rod at least once every five years. This inspection includes checking for excessive wear, corrosion, or damage that could affect the safety of gauge operation.
Page 115: Daily Inspection
DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features as follows: ✓ The source rod opening in the bottom of the gauge is equipped with a spring-loaded tungsten sliding block that shuts when the source rod is in the SAFE (shielded) position.
Page 116: Cleaning The Tungsten Blocks
If not, check that the sliding block spring was properly installed after cleaning. If the sliding block still does not close properly, immediately contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is closed.
Page 117 ✓ With the source rod in the SAFE (shielded) position, place the gauge on its side. ✓ Clean the heads of the four corner screws that hold the bottom plate to the gauge base (Figure A–3). Using a 1/8-in. Allen wrench, remove the four screws in the corner of the plate and remove the plate.
Page 118: Leak Testing
To perform a leak test, use the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit (PN 102868) and accompanying instructions to perform the following procedure: ✓...
Page 119 ✓ Holding the wipe disk with the tongs, wipe around and in this opening. ✓ Pack the disk in the envelope as instructed, and mail to Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. for analysis. ✓ Secure the gauge properly. Figure A–4. Performing a Leak Test...
Page 120: Regulatory Requirements
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or an Agreement State licensing agency. Detailed information on obtaining a license is contained in the Troxler Licensing Guide. Copies of this guide are available from Troxler, or can be downloaded from the Troxler website, www.troxlerlabs.com.
Page 121: Disposal
The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below. (Note that company refers to the gauge owner’s company, not Troxler Electronic Laboratories.) This information should be readily available to the gauge operator at all times.
Page 122 The RSO may also be required to notify the USDOT of accidents during transport. 11. Before shipping a damaged gauge to Troxler, obtain an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number from the Troxler Customer Service Department, as described in the Returning the Gauge for Service section on page C–30.
Page 123: Gauge Use Precautions
GAUGE USE PRECAUTIONS The following precautions should be observed when transporting, storing, maintaining, or operating the gauge. ♦ Never touch the unshielded tip of the source rod with your bare hands. The dose rates on contact with the source rod tip can result in exposures exceeding the annual dose limits to the skin of the extremities within a short time period (about 1 hour).
Page 124: 3450 Radiation Profile
3450 RADIATION PROFILE Table A–1 shows the radiation profile for the Model 3450 gauge. The table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates (in mrem/hour) for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A–5. LEFT SIDE BACK FRONT BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE...
Page 125 Table A–1. Radiation Profile for Model 3450 Gauge (Dose Rate in Millirem per Hour) Surface 5 cm 30 cm 100 cm GAUGE Front 14.0 N/A 14.0 0.14 0.1 0.24 Back 11.0 N/A 11.0 Left Side 0.25 0.07 0.32 Right Side 14.0 N/A 14.0 0.35 2.05 14.0 N/A 14.0 10.0 N/A 10.0...
Page 126 APPENDIX B 3450 SPECIFICATIONS This appendix contains gauge and measurement specifications for the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. CONTENTS Measurement Specifications ............B–2 Soil and Asphalt Modes ............B–2 Thin Layer Mode ..............B–4 Radiological Specifications ............B–5 Electrical Specifications ............... B–6 Mechanical Specifications ............
Page 127: Measurement Specifications
MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS SOIL AND ASPHALT MODES SI Units Density at 2000 kg/m Direct Transmission (150 mm) 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (kg/m Composition error (kg/m Surface error (1.25 mm, 100% Void) –18.0 –18.0 –18.0 (kg/m Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (kg/m...
Page 128 U.S. Customary Units Density at 125 pcf Direct Transmission (6 in.) 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (pcf) 0.32 0.156 0.08 Composition error (pcf) 0.50 0.50 0.50 Surface error (0.05 in., 100% Void) –1.1 –1.1 –1.1 (pcf) Backscatter 15 sec 1 min 4 min Precision (pcf)
Page 129 THIN LAYER MODE Precision at 2240 kg/m (140 pcf) kg/m Time (min) Thickness ±1.0 ±16 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) ±0.60 ±10 5.0 cm (2.0 in.) ±0.50 ±8 6.3 cm (2.5 in.) ±0.5 ±8 10.0 cm (4.0 in.) ±8 ±0.50 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) ±5 ±0.30 5.0 cm (2.0 in.)
Page 130: Radiological Specifications
RADIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS 0.30 GBq (8 mCi) ± 10% Cs-137 Gamma Source 1.48 GBq (40 mCi) ± 10% Am-241:Be Neutron Source Source Type Sealed Source – Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel, Encapsulated Shielding Lead, Tungsten Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profile on page A–19 Shipping Case Type A, Yellow II, TI = 0.3 Certificates of...
Page 131: Electrical Specifications
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Stored Power 32 watt-hours Average Power Consumption Idle mode 0.12 watts Measurement mode 0.17 watts Standby 0.06 watts Backlight 0.6 watts Default Time Before 30 seconds between keypresses, Sleep Mode no loss of data or previous status Time Before Automatic 5 hours of complete inactivity Shutdown Power Source(s):...
Page 132 3450 to PC Computer Cable (Null Modem Cable) 9 pin FEMALE 9 pin FEMALE Rx (pin 2) ..... Tx (pin 3) Tx (pin 3) ..... Rx (pin 2) DTR (pin 4) ....DSR (pin 6) DSR (pin 6) ....DTR (pin 4) RTS (pin 7) ....
Page 133: Mechanical Specifications
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Gauge Size (w/ handle) 12-inch rod: 604 H × 411 L × 229 W mm (23.8 H × 16.2 L × 9.0 W in.) 8-inch rod: 503 H × 411 L × 229 W mm (19.8 H × 16.2 L × 9.0 W in.) 782 H ×...
Page 134 APPENDIX C TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE This appendix provides details for troubleshooting and servicing the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus. For further details, call the nearest Troxler Service Center or representative. CONTENTS Stat Test ..................C–3 Taking a Stat Test ..............C–4 Reviewing the Stat Test ............
Page 135 CONTENTS (Continued) Leak Testing ................C–25 Leak Test Date ..............C–25 Leak Test Interval ..............C–26 Display Contrast ................. C–27 Replacement Parts ..............C–28 Accessories ................C–29 Options ................. C–29 Maintenance Supplies ............C–29 Returning the Gauge for Service ..........C–30 Appendix C–2...
Page 136: Stat Test
If the stat test fails, ensure that the gauge setup and testing was conducted correctly, and take an additional test. If the second test fails, call the nearest Troxler service center for assistance. To access the Stat Test menu, press the 〈SPECIAL〉 key. At the Special functions menu, access the Gauge Status/Test menu by pressing 〈2〉.
Page 137: Taking A Stat Test
TAKING A STAT TEST Choose an area free of other nuclear gauges or radioactive sources. Place the gauge on the reference standard block as shown in Figure 4–1 on page 4–3. To take a new stat test, press 〈1〉 at the Stat Test menu. The gauge prompts the operator to place the gauge on the reference standard block with the source rod in the SAFE (shielded) position.
Page 138: Drift Test
If the drift test fails, ensure that the gauge setup and testing were conducted correctly, and take an additional test. If the second test fails, call the nearest Troxler service center for assistance. NOTE The drift test consists of five 4-minute count, whereas the stat test consists of twenty 1-minute counts.
Page 139: Taking A Drift Test
TAKING A DRIFT TEST With the gauge still in an area free of other nuclear gauges or radioactive sources and on the reference standard block, press 〈1〉 at the Drift Test menu shown above. NOTE If it has been less than four hours or more than eight hours since the last stat test, then the gauge allows the operator to exit the drift test.
Page 140: Printing The Drift Test
PRINTING THE DRIFT TEST The operator can print or upload the results of the drift test to either a printer or a computer. For details on setting up the printer, see page 3–13. To print the results of the last drift test, press 〈3〉 at the Drift Test menu (see page C–5).
Page 141: Source Decay
SOURCE DECAY The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity, or rate of decay. This activity decreases with time. The length of time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is referred to as the half-life. The half-life of the Am-241:Be source is 432 years.
Page 142: Troubleshooting
Refer to page A–11 for instructions. If the sliding block still does not close completely, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. ✓ Ensure that the standard count site is asphalt, concrete, or compacted soil at least 4 in.
Page 143 ✓ Perform a stat test: ► If test passes, proceed with job. ► If test fails, repeat two more times. If test fails two out of three times, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. GAUGE WILL NOT COMMUNICATE WITH PRINTER OR COMPUTER ✓...
Page 144 If counts equal zero for both systems, the high voltage board must be replaced (contact the nearest Troxler Service Center). ✓ Check gauge for water damage. If the gauge is wet, dry the gauge interior with hair dryer (on low heat) for 3 hours.
Page 145 GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON ✓ To conserve power, the Model 3450 provides a sleep mode (see page 3–17). To turn the display on in the sleep mode, press any key. ✓ The gauge may be wet. Do not turn the gauge on until moisture is removed from gauge interior! Component damage may result.
Page 146 SATISFACTORY COUNTS BUT RESULTS ARE IN ERROR ✓ Ensure that the measurement depth displayed by the gauge corresponds to the actual source rod depth. ✓ Check that the calibration constants are valid. ✓ Check to see if an offset (density, moisture, trench or special) is enabled.
Page 147: Error Messages
ERROR MESSAGES BATTERIES TOO LOW! GAUGE IS TURNING OFF IN XXX SECONDS This error occurs when the following three items are all true: the charger is not connected, the NiCad batteries are low, and the alkaline batteries need replacing. Solution: Charge the NiCad batteries and replace the alkaline batteries.
Page 148 During the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) test, a sequence of characters is written to the LCD and is then read back. This message occurs if a character read back does not match the character written out. Solution: Call the nearest Troxler Service Center. Model 3450 Appendix C–15...
Page 149 MEMORY ERROR! This error occurs when gauge software detects that non-volatile memory has been corrupted. Solution: Call the nearest Troxler Service Center. NO ACTIVE PROJECT This error occurs when trying to store measurement data in a project without a project selected.
Page 150 This error occurs when the software expects the source rod to be at a particular position and detects that it is not. Solution: Check source rod position to ensure it is at the proper position. Recalibrate depth strip. Call the nearest Troxler Service Center. Model 3450...
Page 151: Batteries
NiCad batteries. In fact, the alkaline batteries can power the gauge for about ten weeks of average operation. However, Troxler recommends that the operator recharge the NiCad batteries and use the alkaline batteries only as a backup. The NiCad batteries can be fully recharged in only four hours.
Page 152: Battery Status
BATTERY STATUS The Battery Status option displays the charge status of the NiCad batteries and the voltage of the NiCad and alkaline batteries. The Battery Status option is a Special function under Gauge Setup. To access the Gauge Setup menu, press the 〈SPECIAL〉 key, then press 〈4〉.
Page 153: Charging
CHARGING To charge the NiCad batteries, plug the charger into the round jack on the back of the gauge. Plug the other end of the ac charger into a standard 110 V ac outlet. For the international charger, 220 V ac may be used.
Page 154 To replace the NiCad battery pack: ✓ Turn the gauge off. ✓ Unscrew the four captive screws on the keypad assembly. ✓ Carefully lift the keypad assembly from the gauge. ✓ Unplug the ribbon cable from the keypad assembly. ✓ Place the keypad assembly face down. ✓...
Page 155: Mechanical Maintenance
– EUROPEAN COUNTRIES – Do not separate the control unit from the base. Doing so will result in non-compliance with EMC directive. Call your Troxler representative for additional information. CLEANING THE BASE AND TOP SHELL To clean the gauge base, use a putty knife to scrape away any built- up accumulations of soil or asphalt.
Page 156: Lubricating The Source Rod
– EUROPEAN COUNTRIES – Do not operate the control unit separate from the base. Doing so will result in non-compliance with EMC directive. Call your Troxler representative for additional information. ✓ Remove the control unit from the gauge by loosening the four captive screws that secure the control unit to the top shell.
Page 157: Replacing Gaskets
REPLACING GASKETS The Model 3450 employs two gaskets and an o-ring to protect its electronics from moisture, dirt, and debris. However, if the gauge has been exposed to extremely wet weather or high humidity, or if the gauge was used in the cold and stored in a warm building, condensation may form inside the gauge.
Page 158: Leak Testing
LEAK TESTING To ensure the integrity of the radioactive source encapsulation, the Model 3450 must be periodically leak tested. For instructions on performing the leak test, see page A–13. LEAK TEST DATE The Leak Test function allows the operator to enter the date of the last leak test.
Page 159: Leak Test Interval
The gauge displays the date entered for the last leak test. To return to the Ready screen, press the 〈NO〉 key. To change the leak test date, press the 〈YES〉 key. Input Leak Test Date mm/dd/yyyy Change Leak Test Date? The gauge displays mm/dd/yy on the second line.
Page 160: Display Contrast
DISPLAY CONTRAST The gauge display may be difficult to read when viewed in bright light. If so, adjust the display contrast as follows: ✓ Loosen the four captive screws located in the corners of the keypad. ✓ Gently lift the control unit from the gauge and place it to the right side of the gauge.
Page 161: Replacement Parts
REPLACEMENT PARTS PART # DESCRIPTION 107279 Gasket Front Panel 107849 O-Ring, Gauge Base 107831 Gasket, Auxiliary Panel 107846 Gasket, Beeper 107233 Grommet, Tower Index Rod 107278 3450 Topshell 107800 Assembly, 3450 Front Panel 107275 Overlay, 3450 108531 Assembly, I/O Baseboard Cable 107847 Base Plate Assembly 107276...
Page 162: Accessories
ACCESSORIES PART # DESCRIPTION 107839.3450 3450 Shipping Case/Carton Assembly 100421 Forged Drill Rod 107795 Scraper Plate Weldment 103680.1000 Extraction Tool 107830 Reference Standard Block Assembly 110403 AC Adapter, 12 V CE 104156 DC Charger 107837 3450 User Manual 107900 3450 Quick Reference Guide OPTIONS PART # DESCRIPTION...
Page 163: Returning The Gauge For Service
RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number, and a description of the instrument and its problem. This information is used by Troxler shipping and service personnel to expedite the repair work. To obtain and RGA number, please call or fax the factory or branch office with your request.
Page 164 APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING Devices containing radioactive materials must be transported in accordance with the rules of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA recommendations have been codified in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Page 165: U.s. Shipping Requirements
The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United States are listed below. For more detailed information about these requirements, please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide. ♦ A copy of the current IAEA Certificate of Competent Authority for each source in the gauge (Special Form Certificate) must be kept on file.
Page 166: Accident Notification Requirements
ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS In the event of a reportable incident involving radioactive material, notify the licensing agency as soon as practical. The operator is also required to notify, at the earliest practical moment, the U.S. DOT at 1-800-424-8802 of an accident that occurs during the course of transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage) in which fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of radioactive materials.
Page 167: Canadian Shipping Requirements
CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) and Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM) apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada. For training and accident notification requirements, consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Page 168: Appendix E. Standard Count Log
APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts. To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts. Model 3450 Appendix E–1...
Page 169 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–2...
Page 170 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3450 Appendix E–3...
Page 171 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–4...
Page 172 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3450 Appendix E–5...
Page 173 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–6...
Page 174 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Model 3450 Appendix E–7...
Page 175 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture (MS) Density (DS1) Density (DS2) Appendix E–8...
Page 176 APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus can display measurement results in either SI (metric) units or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the SI unit of becquerel (Bq).
Page 177: Measurement Units
MEASUREMENT UNITS 1 in. = 25.4 mm 1 in. = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 30.48 cm 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m 1 pcf = 1.6 × 10 g/cm RADIOLOGICAL UNITS 1 rem = 0.01 Sv 1 Ci = 37 GBq 1 mCi = 37 MBq 1 µCi = 37 kBq...
Page 178 APPENDIX G SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS This section applies only to those Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus gauges with the CE mark that are to be used in European countries. CONTENTS Declaration of Conformity ............G–2 Safety Warnings ................G–3 Model 3450...
Page 179: Declaration Of Conformity
Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC Standards to which Conformity is Declared: EN 61010-1 EN 55011 Group 1, Class A EN 50082-2 Manufacturer: Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. P.O. Box 12057 3008 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Apparatus: Model 3450 RoadReader Plus...
Page 180: Safety Warnings
If these sections are not completely understood, users should seek assistance from Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative, or others designated within the user's organization. The following list of safety warnings applies to gauges with the CE mark and that are to be used in European countries.
Page 181 NOTES Appendix G–4...
Page 182 APPENDIX H PRINTING (UPLOADING) PROJECT DATA Current versions of Microsoft→ Windows→ (Windows 95 and later) include a HyperTerminal communications program that can be used to transfer project data from the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus to a computer. This appendix provides instructions on using the HyperTerminal program to print (upload) data from the gauge.
Page 183: Windows Hyperterminal
Hypertrm icon. The Connection Description window is displayed. This window is used to set up a new connection. 3. In the Name box, enter a name (for example, Troxler Data) for the new connection. Select an icon to use for the connection, then click OK.
Page 184: Equipment Connection
6. Click OK. The Troxler Data – HyperTerminal window is displayed, where Troxler Data is the icon name entered in step 3. 7. From the toolbar, click on File and select Save from the dropdown menu. 8. Close the Troxler Data – HyperTerminal window by selecting Exit from the File menu.
Page 185 The Capture Text window is displayed, showing a default folder and filename to be used to store the data. Troxler recommends using the default settings when first using the program. After selecting a filename, click Start to enable data capture.
Page 186: Viewing Project Data
VIEWING PROJECT DATA After project data has been printed (uploaded) to the computer, the .txt file can be viewed using Microsoft Notepad or a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word→. The data can also be imported into an Excel spreadsheet, which can then be used to manipulate and manage the data.
Page 187 NOTES Appendix H–6...
Page 188: Index
INDEX AC charger ..................1–5 Access code ..................xi Accessories ................. 1–4, C–29 Accident notification..............D–3 Accuracy ................2–6, 4–2 Adapter, dc ..................1–5 Air voids ..................3–27 Alkaline batteries ............. C–20, C–19 Alpha particles ................A–4 American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards ... 1–2 Americium-241:beryllium (Am-241:Be) ........
Page 189 Cable pinouts ................B–7 Calibration ..................2–6 Density..................6–11 Depth indicator ................ 3–14 Moisture..................6–4 Offset ..................6–2 Special ..................6–11 Thin layer ................6–16 Trench ..................6–9 Wet density ................6–3 Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) ..1–3, D–4, A–15 Canadian shipping requirements ..........
Page 190 Data Erase ..................5–9 Print/upload ................5–7 Project ..................5–5 Store ..................5–10 Transmission rate (baud rate) ..........3–13 View ..................5–7 Date ..................... 3–12 Leak test .................. C–25 DC adapter ..................1–5 Decimal key .................. 3–4 Declaration of Conformity ........... 1–3, G–2 Density ............
Page 191 Emergency Procedures ................A–16 Encapsulation ................A–8 ENTER key ...................3–4 Erase Density special calibration ............6–15 Projects ..................5–9 Recover ..................5–9 Thin layer special calibration ..........6–22 Erratic readings..............C–10, C–3 ESC key ..................3–3 European considerations ............... G–1 Exposure, limiting ................
Page 192 Inspection Daily ................3–6, A–10 Source rod ................A–9 Upon receipt ................1–6 International Air Transport Association (IATA) ......D–1 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ......D–1 K value (moisture offset) ............6–4, 6–8 Keypad .................. 3–3, B–6 Leak test ................C–25, A–13 Date ..................C–25 Interval ..................C–26 Licensing ................
Page 193 Mode Asphalt................3–23, 4–12 Backscatter ................2–2 Concrete................... 4–12 Depth ..................3–14 Direct transmission ..............2–2 Measurement ................3–23 Sleep ..................3–17 Soil ................3–23, 4–10 Thin layer ..............3–23, 4–14 MODE key ..................3–3 Moisture ................2–3, 4–10 Offset ................. 2–6, 6–2, 6–4 Monitoring personnel ..............
Page 194 Precision ..................B–2 Print Drift test ..................C–7 Project data ..............5–7, H–3 QA sample locations ............... 3–26 Stat test ..................C–4 Printer ................... 1–5 Cable ..................1–5 Cable pinout ................B–7 Connections ................3–13 Setup ..................3–13 Proctor value ................3–19 Profile, radiation ................ A–19 Project Create ..................
Page 195 Reading ..................4–9 Asphalt..................4–12 Concrete................... 4–12 Soil ..................4–10 Store ..................5–10 Thin layer ................4–14 Ready screen................. 3–7 Recalibrate ................... 6–11 Recall data ..................5–7 RECALL key .................3–3 Recharge time ................B–6 Recover erase ................5–9 Reference standard block ............1–5, 4–2 Regulations .................
Page 196 Shielding ................B–5, A–7 SHIFT key ..................3–3 Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods ........ D–2 Shipping ..................D–1 Canadian requirements............. D–4 Case ................1–5, B–8, B–5 U.S. requirements ..............D–2 Site Preparing test ................4–6 QA sampling ................3–24 Standard count ................4–2 Sleep mode ................
Page 197 Status Battery ................3–17, C–19 Current ..................3–9 Store Data ..................5–10 Full ..................5–12 Measurement ................4–16 Measurements ..............4–11, 4–13 Target value ................3–21 STORE key................3–3, 5–10 Taking measurements ..............4–9 TARGET key ................3–3 Target values ................3–19 Temperature..................
Page 198 Training................1–3, A–15 Hazmat ..................D–3 Transport case .............. 1–5, B–8, B–5 Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM) ..............D–4 Transportation Canadian requirements............. D–4 U.S. requirements ..............D–2 Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) ............1–3, D–4 Trench offset ..............
Page 199 NOTES Index–12...
Page 200 NOTES Model 3450 Warranty–1...
Page 201 , against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 18 months from date of shipment. For gauges sold through authorized TROXLER representatives, the date of shipment will be as of the transfer from representative to purchaser. During the applicable warranty period, TROXLER’s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair at...

Troxler RoadReader Plus 3450 Manual Of Operation And Instruction

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 . Introduction to the Model 3450

Chapter 2 . Theory of Operation

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Chapter 4 Using the Gauge

Chapter 5 Project Data

Chapter 6 Adjusting Measurements

Appendix A Radiation Theory and Safety

Appendix A. Radiation Theory and Safety

Appendix B. 3450 Specifications

Appendix C Troubleshooting and Service

Appendix D Transportation and Shipping

Appendix D. Transportation and Shipping

Appendix E. Standard Count Log

Appendix F. Unit Conversion

Appendix G. Special European Considerations

Appendix H. Printing (Uploading) Project Data

Quick Links

Chapters

Need help?

Questions and answers

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Summary of Contents for Troxler RoadReader Plus 3450

Table of Contents