Error message 62 on the Troxler EGauge 4590 refers to an "Enable Manual Error" or "Initialization Error." This occurs when the system is unable to initialize, often because the source rod is not in the SAFE position or another nuclear gauge is nearby. To resolve it, ensure the source rod is in the SAFE position and there are no nearby gauges. If the error continues, contact the Troxler Service Center.

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Summary of Contents for Troxler EGauge 4590

Page 1 Manual of Operation and Instruction ™ ™ Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. 3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: 1.877.TROXLER Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661 Fax: +1.919.549.0761 www.troxlerlabs.com...
Page 2 Troxler products are protected by U.S. and foreign Patents Copyright  2020 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose without the express written permission of Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
Page 3 SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL The Safety Alert Symbol shall appear within this manual. Wherever it appears in this manual or on safety signs affixed to the machine, this is to make all aware of the potential for personal injury and to be cautious when these images are present.
Page 4 Waldstrasse 4, D. 82239 Alling nr. Zhangjiagang (ZJG) North 2 Ring Munich, Germany Jiangsu, China 615200 Phone: ++ 49.8141.71063 Fax: ++49.8141.80731 troxler@t-online.de 6969 Worthington Galena Rd, Suite C, Ohio Columbus, OH 43085 troxleroh@troxlerlabs.com NOTE To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service partner near you, call 1-877-TROXLER.
Page 5 ABOUT THIS MANUAL The Model 4590 Manual of Operation and Instruction provides detailed information about this gauge. The manual includes product safety information, as well as instructions for the proper installation and use of the Model 4590 gauge. This manual is organized as follows: Chapter 1, Introduction –...
Page 6 Appendix A, Maintenance & Troubleshooting – Provides maintenance and service information, as well as instructions for basic troubleshooting. Appendix B, Specifications – Contains mechanical, electrical, and environmental performance specifications. Appendix C, Transporting and Shipping – Provides information about shipping requirements for the United States and Canada.
Page 7 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge. The Model 4590 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on how the Model 4590 operates and provides directions on the use of this gauge. Site selection, basic...
Page 8 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL Throughout this manual the following symbols and special formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the text. WARNING Warnings indicate conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause personal injury. CAUTION Cautions indicate conditions or procedures that, if not followed correctly, may cause equipment damage.
Page 10 Units intended for use in countries that are members of the European Community are shipped with an AC adapter, Troxler part number 108354. Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service personnel only. There are no user-serviceable components inside.
Page 11: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........1–1 Introduction ....................1–2 Regulations and Licensing ..............1–4 Gauge Parts and Accessories ............... 1–5 Unpacking and Inspection ..............1–7 CHAPTER 2: THEORY OF OPERATION ......2–1 Mode of Operation ................. 2–2 Moisture Measurements ............... 2–3 Calibration ....................
Page 12 Setup Menu ....................5–2 Count Time ....................5–3 BGD Count Time ..................5–4 Set Units ..................... 5–5 Depth Mode ..................... 5–6 Options ...................... 5–7 Battery Status ..................5–12 Percent Air Voids ................... 5–13 Moisture Probe ..................5–15 Stat Test ....................5–18 Drift Test ....................
Page 13 Set Output Destination ................8–9 Deactivate a Project ................8–11 Auto-Store ....................8–12 Manual Store ..................8–14 CHAPTER 9: EXTENDED MENU ........9–1 Extended Menu ..................9–2 Clock/Calendar ..................9–3 Source Decay ................... 9–7 Erase Standard Counts ................9–8 Low Battery Warning ................9–9 Software Reset ..................
Page 14 APPENDIX C: TRANSPORTING & SHIPPING ....C-1 U.S. Shipping Requirements..............C-2 Accident Notification Requirements ..........C-4 APPENDIX D: RADIATION THEORY & SAFETY....D-1 Radiological Information............... D-2 Leak Testing....................D-4 Training ...................... D-5 Disposal...................... D-6 Emergency Procedures ................. D-7 Gauge Use Precautions ................. D-9 APPENDIX E: UNIT CONVERSION ......E-1 Measurement Units .................E-3...
Page 15 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 4590 Gauge and Standard Accessories ......1–6 Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components ........3–2 Figure 3. Model 4590 Control Panel ..........3–3 Figure 4. Source Rod Positions ............3–5 Figure 5. Drill Rod Positioning ............. 4–3 Figure 6.
Page 16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Model 4590 Keypad Functions ..........3–4 Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions ........8–8 Table 3. Error Messages ................ A-6 Table 4. Typical Battery Operating Life..........A-9 Table 5. GPS Position Accuracy ............G-4...
Page 17 ATTENTION MODEL 4590 GAUGE OWNER This unit contains functions that require an Access Code to be entered. This allows some control over the access to these functions. If you would like management to retain this control, remove this page upon receipt of the gauge and file it somewhere safe.
Page 18 NOTES...
Page 19 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  An introduction to your new Model 4590 gauge  Inspecting and unpacking  Included parts and accessories Model 4590...
Page 20: Introduction
The Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge uses the latest engineering, design, and manufacturing techniques. This gauge uses a gamma-ray transmission method of measuring the specific gravity and density of soil and soil aggregate bases. When the moisture content of the material is known, the gauge can determine the dry density.
Page 21 ♦ An internally mounted beeper, which emits a short tone in response to a valid keystroke on the keypad. The beeper sounds a longer tone if you press an invalid key, if the gauge displays an error message, or to signal the conclusion of a measurement.
Page 22: Regulations And Licensing
The receipt, possession, use, and transfer of the Troxler Model 4590 are exempt from licensing by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) or Agreement States. NOTE International communities should follow local regulations regarding products utilizing radioactive materials. Hazmat training is required for shipping hazardous material, for more information visit www.troxlerlabs.com/safety...
Page 23: Gauge Parts And Accessories
Use Figure 1 and the list below to identify the gauge and parts as they are unpacked. ♦ The Model 4590 is the portable surface density gauge containing a radioactive source, electronics, and rechargeable battery packs. The gauge serial number appears on the gauge handle, as well as on the calibration, gauge, and warranty certificates (found on the back page of this manual).
Page 24: Figure 1. 4590 Gauge And Standard Accessories
Figure 1. 4590 Gauge and Standard Accessories 1–6...
Page 25: Unpacking And Inspection
Upon receipt of the gauge from the factory, perform a complete inspection and inventory. If the shipping case and/or any other part or accessory appears damaged, immediately notify the carrier and your Troxler representative 1-877-TROXLER (1- 877-876-9537). Save the box and any packing material for shipping to another location or back to the factory.
Page 26 1–8...
Page 27 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Mode of operation  Direct transmission  Overview of density and moisture measurements  Offsets Model 4590 2–1...
Page 28: Mode Of Operation
The Troxler Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge uses direct transmission mode. Source rod positions are described in Figure 4 on page 3–5. In the direct transmission mode, the source rod extends through the base of the gauge into a pre-drilled hole to a desired depth.
Page 29: Moisture Measurements
The Troxler Model 6760 Moisture Probe, supplied with the Model 4590 EGauge, uses dielectric measurement technology to indicate the moisture content of the soil being measured. If a moisture value is known by the gauge the moisture content, percent moisture and Dry Density value can be reported and the % Proctor can also be calculated.
Page 30 The Probe uses electromagnetic technology for measuring moisture content. For a given material, the dielectric property can be correlated with its moisture content. With a suitable calibration the probe can be used for measuring moisture content of a soil material. Figure 1.1 demonstrates how the probe should fit into the predrilled hole to obtain a reliable result.
Page 31: Calibration
Troxler calibrates the gauge at the factory and recommends that it is always calibrated by an authorized Troxler service center. A list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers are provided at the front of this manual or at: The calibration range of the gauge’s density measurements is www.troxlerlabs.com/services...
Page 32 This offset should also be used when the moisture content of a laboratory sample differs from the reading provided by the Troxler Moisture Probe Model 6760 (included). 2–6...
Page 33 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Overview of the control panel  Source rod positions  Daily inspection  Turning the gauge on  Setting up the gauge for the first time Model 4590 3–1...
Page 34: Gauge Illustration
The following figure shows the various components of the gauge that are referred to throughout this manual. Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components 3–2...
Page 35: Control Panel
The gauge control panel shown below contains the LED screen and keypad. The keypad allows you to access the gauge software. Troxler has designed the keypad for ease of use with larger keys and anti- glare coating. Pressing a menu key activates that menu only when the Ready screen is displayed.
Page 36: Table 1. Model 4590 Keypad Functions
Table 1. Model 4590 Keypad Functions MENU Store most recent data in the current project. 〈STORE〉 Display the most recent data. 〈RECALL〉 Select or create a project file and view, 〈PROJ〉 output, or erase project data file. Displays gauge status information. 〈STATUS〉...
Page 37: Source Rod Positions
As shown below, the source rod can be placed in the SAFE position, background (BGD) position, or the direct transmission position. When not taking measurements, keep the source rod in the SAFE position at all times. Safe Position Background Direct Transmission In the background and direct transmission positions, the source Figure 4.
Page 38: Charging The Gauge
The gauge is equipped with a rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack containing five C batteries. Before turning on the gauge, charge the battery for about 3 hours. To charge the NiMH batteries: . Plug the AC charger or DC adapter into the charger connector under the gauge’s Port Cover (see Figure 3 on page 3–3).
Page 39: Turning The Gauge On
Vx.xx SN: xxx The gauge returns to the Ready mode when the gauge is ready to proceed to another menu. The screen displays: -READY- 01-01-2014 12:21 PM Prj: TROXLER Press <START> NOTE The symbol in the upper right of the display indicates that the Bluetooth is enabled and connected to the Moisture probe or other Bluetooth device.
Page 40 The symbol in the upper right-hand corner indicates that the AC charger or DC adapter are connected to the charger connector under the gauge’s Port Cover. After five hours of no activity, the gauge automatically performs a total power shutdown. 3–8...
Page 41: Daily Inspection
The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features. Ensure that the handle is in the Safe position and a lock is in place to prevent unauthorized use and exposure of the source. For more information regarding radiation does refer to page D-2.
Page 42 Setup Menu. Setting the Count Time The count time defines how long the gauge measures. Longer count times produce better measurement precision. Troxler recommends a count time of two minutes for most sample measurements. To change the count time, press 〈1〉 at the Setup menu. The gauge displays: 3–10...
Page 43 1. 1 min 2. 2 min 3. 3 min 4. 4 min Select the desired count time using the corresponding number key. The gauge sets the new count time and returns to the Setup menu. All count times may be used for depth 2 through 8 inches. For depths 9,10,11, and 12, 3- and 4-minute count times may be used.
Page 44 Setting Measurement Units The gauge can display measurement results in either U.S. units pounds per cubic foot (pcf) or metric (SI) units (kg/m g/cm ). To select the units, press 〈2〉 at the Setup menu. The - UNITS – 1. pcf 2.
Page 45 Setting the Automatic or Manual Depth Mode The Model 4590 gauge offers two depth modes: Automatic and Manual. In the Automatic mode, the gauge software determines the source rod depth automatically. In the Manual mode, the operator must enter the source rod depth at a gauge prompt whenever taking a measurement.
Page 46 confirmation message and returns to the Moisture Input menu.  Press 〈3〉 to disable the moisture input feature. Results provide wet density only. The gauge displays a confirmation message and returns to the Moisture Input menu. Setting the Measurement Order To select what order the measurements are taken, press 〈3〉...
Page 47 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Preparing a test site  Taking a standard count  Taking measurements  Using the Recall function Model 4590 4–1...
Page 48: Site Preparation
Preparation of the test site surface is critical to gauge performance. This section provides site preparation procedures for soil and base course sites. To ensure the most accurate gauge readings, the appropriate preparation procedure should be followed. Soil and Base Course Preparation .
Page 49: Figure 5. Drill Rod Positioning
NOTE: It is very important to drill the hole at least 2 inches (5 cm) deeper than the measurement depth. The EGauge source rod is approx. 2 inches longer than the measurement depth, (the rod extends below the source). If the hole isn’t deep enough the source rod cannot be lowered properly into the hole resulting in erroneous readings.
Page 50: Figure 6. Marking The Test Area
. Carefully pick up the scraper plate. Be careful not to disturb Figure 6. Marking the Test Area the soil around the hole. . Position the Gauge on the prepared area inside the markings. . To ensure correct positioning of the Gauge, lower the source rod into the prepared hole.
Page 51: Taking The Standard Count
Troxler recommends that the standard count be performed at Site Requirements the test site on the same soil where readings will be performed in order to account for background influences.
Page 52 NOTE The source rod should always be in the SAFE position when the gauge is not in use. Instructions for Taking a Standard Count The standard count consists of 2 separate 2-minute counts. The first count occurs with the handle in SAFE position. During the second part the handle is in background position and the source rod end protrudes about 1 ½...
Page 53 . Press 〈START〉 to begin taking the 2-minute standard count. Taking Standard Ct. Step 1 xxx s Remaining NOTE The standard and background standard must each be within 1% of the average of the last 4 counts performed and stored. If the standard count average is greater than 1%, the standard count fails, and an error code displays as shown below: Error Code#:11...
Page 54 source rod is in the background position and starts the second step of the background count. If the source rod is not in the background position, and if automatic depth mode is enabled (default setting), it displays: Place the source rod to BGD position and press .
Page 55 . If the first attempt fails, check items listed below and retake Figure 7. Gauge Position on Soil standard count. Press 〈STD〉 for the display: Standard Count DS= xxxx BGD= xxxx Take New Count? <YES> or <NO> NOTE Manual mode or auto depth sensor detects correct position.
Page 56 limits, an F displays. If you do get an F, or fail, display check for the following conditions: ♦ Is the source rod in the proper position? ♦ Are any other gauges nearby? ♦ Is the gauge seated correctly on the soil? ♦...
Page 57 NOTE Compare the new standard counts to those shown in the recent calibration report The DS should fall into the range shown by month on pg. 2 of the report. The standard background count should be within 1% of that shown on the top of each page of the report.
Page 58 . Press 〈ENTER〉 to return to the Ready screen. <ENTER> to Continue Recording the Standard Count Troxler recommends keeping a daily log of the density and background counts (see Appendix F for a sample log). To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows: ♦...
Page 59 After recording the standard counts, press 〈YES〉 to return to the Ready mode. NOTE The factory standard count values should be used as a reference if the daily standard counts are ever in question. Be sure to refer to the most recent calibration report for the gauge in question.
Page 60 The Model 4590 uses a low-level gamma-ray source and a highly efficient gamma-ray detector. Ensure that there are no other nuclear gauges within 30 feet (10 meters) of this equipment while in use. An excess of background radiation from a nearby gauge may affect the accuracy of the reading. CAUTION When not taking measurements, always keep the source rod in the SAFE position.
Page 61 NOTE The Model 4590 reports either dry density or wet density measurements. For dry density results, a moisture measurement is required and can be keypad entered or measured using the provided probe. Additionally, the moisture measurement can be performed either before or after the density measurement (default).
Page 62 where: percent Proctor – Displays only if the Target function is enabled. See Chapter 6: Target Menu on page 6–1. dry density – density value with the moisture content removed. If a moisture measurement is not used, the value displayed will match the wet density value. wet density –...
Page 63 Manual Depth mode (see Setting the Automatic or Manual Depth on page 3– 12) until it can be serviced by a Troxler authorized service center. In the Manual Depth mode, you will be prompted to enter the depth.
Page 64  If conditions have changed and you want to perform a new background count, answer 〈NO〉 to the question and the following message displays: With Gauge on Test Site & Source Rod in Background Pos. Press <START> . If you have opted to take a background count, lower the handle to the first position and press 〈ENTER〉.
Page 65 . Insert the moisture probe into the prepared hole. The hole must be at least 6 inches deep. The probe baseplate must have contact with the soil surface. The probe must fit tightly in the hole and have contact with the soil material on all sides.
Page 66 Storing Measurement Data After completing a measurement and before taking another measurement, data can be stored to an active project. Refer to Chapter 7: for instructions on creating and selecting the active project. If a project is active and the Auto-Store function (see page 8–12) is enabled, press 〈ESC〉...
Page 67 To view the results of the most recent measurement, press the 〈RECALL〉 key from the Ready screen. The Recall function can also be used to view the gauge counts from the most recent measurement. To return to the Ready screen, press the 〈ENTER/START〉 key. NOTE The 〈RECALL〉...
Page 68: Chapter 5: Setup Menu
This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Overview of the Setup menu  Setting count time and units  Setting the depth mode  Taking a stat test  Taking a drift test  Overview of optional features 5–1...
Page 69: Setup Menu
The gauge software groups most of the setup features into one menu. To access the Setup menu, press the 〈SETUP〉 key. The gauge displays: ↨ -Setup- 1. Count Time 2. BGD Count Time 3. Set Units ↨ -Setup- 4. Depth Mode 5.
Page 71: Count Time
The gauge provides three different count times for taking measurements. To change the count time, see page 3–10. A two-minute count time is recommended for the density measurement on most materials. For the EGauges that offer the 9-12-inch depth positions, a minimum 3-minute count is required for the depths below 8 inches.
Page 72: Bgd Count Time
There are four options provided for background count time. Background radiation affects readings; a new background count is necessary when background environment or the material measured changes. 1. 1 min 2. 2 min 3. 3 min A one-minute background count is recommended for 4.
Page 73: Set Units
The gauge can display measurement results in either U.S. units (pcf) or metric (SI) units (kg/m or g/cm ). To change the units, see page 3–11. Model 4590 5–5...
Page 74: Depth Mode
The Model 4590 gauge offers two depth modes: Automatic and Manual. The Depth Mode function allows the operator to select the depth mode, as described on page 3–12. 5–6...
Page 75: Options
The Model 4590 gauge offers the following optional features that may be added to the gauge. These features can be toggled on and off from the Options menu, accessed by pressing 〈5〉 from the Setup menu. ↨ -Options- 1. GPS 2.
Page 76 GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites (see Appendix H for more information). If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler representative. Moisture Input To select how you want to input moisture values, press 〈2〉 from the Options menu shown on the previous page.
Page 77 Measurement Order To select what order the measurements are taken, press 〈3〉 from the Options menu. The gauge displays: -Moisture Order- 1. Moisture First 2. Gauge First  Press 〈1〉 to take moisture measurements with the included probe first. The gauge displays a confirmation message and returns to the Measurement Order menu.
Page 78 Initialize Frequency The Initialize Frequency function determines how often the gauge performs an initialization, or “warm-up,” before the measurement. Troxler recommends the default option of every 10 minutes. To access this menu, press 〈5〉 from the Options menu. The gauge displays: 1.
Page 79 Use this option if the EGauge and Moisture probe are failing to Moisture Probe (Option 2) connect. The EGauge will automatically reset to the Moisture Probe once any data transfer is complete. Model 4590 5–11...
Page 80 The Battery Status function displays the active battery and the voltage of both the NiMH (Rch) and alkaline batteries. To access this function, press 〈6〉 at the Setup menu. The gauge displays: Batt. Active: RCH Rch: 7.00 V Alk: 6.00 V If the NiMH (Rch) battery voltage is 6.0 volts or less, recharge Press <ENTER>...
Page 81: Percent Air Voids
The gauge uses the specific gravity function to calculate percent air voids and void ratio in Soil mode only. The % Voids function allows the operator to enter the specific gravity of a material and disable or enable the percent air voids display. To access the % Voids function, press 〈7〉...
Page 82 In either case, the gauge enables the value, displays a brief confirmation message, and then returns to the Setup menu. 5–14...
Page 83: Moisture Probe
The following options are available in the Moisture Probe Menu: Moisture Probe 1. Take Measurement 2. Cal Profile 1. Performs a measurement with the probe. 3. Probe Calibration To perform a moisture measurement with the external moisture probe without pairing with a density measurement, choose option 8.
Page 84 To Perform a Moisture Probe Calibration To calibrate the probe to a specific soil in the field- create a soil specific Cal Profile. Carefully read and follow the steps below and use the worksheet in Appendix F for Moisture Cal Profile development to ensure that all the data needed is obtained.
Page 85 If choosing 1, the following screen will display: Select Method of Data Entry: 1. Keypad Entry 2. Gauge Derived Select 1. Keypad Entry to enter the data by hand after accumulating all information in the field (at the measurement sites) and the true % moisture (usually determined in the lab for the samples collected at these measurement sites).
Page 86: Stat Test
Troxler service center for assistance. For a list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers, refer to page iii of this manual or visit the Troxler website at: To access the Stat Test function, press 〈9〉 at the Setup menu. The www.troxlerlabs.com/services...
Page 87 The gauge displays the progress of the stat test (twenty 1- minute counts). Upon completion of the counts, the gauge displays the results of the density stat test, including an indication of whether the test passed or failed: Density Stat Test Avg.
Page 88: Drift Test
Troxler service center for assistance. For a list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers, refer to page iii of this manual or visit the Troxler website at: www.troxlerlabs.com/services NOTE The drift test consists of five 4-minute counts, whereas the stat test consists of twenty 1-minute counts.
Page 89 To access the Drift Test function, press 〈.〉〈0〉 at the Setup menu. The gauge displays the Drift Test menu: 1. Take Drift Test 2. Review Drift Test 3. Print Drift Test To select a menu option, press the corresponding numeric key <ESC>...
Page 90 Reviewing the Drift Test To review the results of the drift stat test, press 〈2〉 at the Drift Test menu. The gauge displays the results of the density drift test. Printing the Drift Test To print the results of the last drift test to a serial printer or computer via the gauge’s 9-pin serial port, press 〈3〉...
Page 91: Chapter 6: Target Menu
This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Overview of the Target menu  Enabling and disabling the target value  Storing a new target value Model 4590 6–1...
Page 92: Target Menu
The gauge provides the ability to store up to four different Proctor values (PR) for later use. These values are used to calculate percent compactions of soil. The percent compaction calculations for Soil mode is as follows: Soil mode = (DD ÷ PR) × 100 = %PR The Target function enables you to enter and store a new target value, as well as enable or disable a target value stored in memory.
Page 93  To use a Proctor value stored in the memory, press the number key. The gauge displays: Select Memory Cell: 1. x.x 2. x.x 3. x.x 4. x.x Select the desired memory cell by selecting the corresponding Press # to Select number key.
Page 94 6–4...
Page 95 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Overview of the offset menu  Enabling density, moisture, and trench offsets Model 4590 7–1...
Page 96 The Troxler Model 4590 is factory-calibrated for typical soil materials. Gauge readings can be adjusted based on alternative density tests, such as sand cone or drive cylinder tests. This adjustment, or shift, is known as an offset. NOTE When an offset has been enabled, all future readings will automatically be adjusted until the offset is disabled or the gauge is turned off.
Page 97 To access the Offset menu, press 〈OFFSET〉. The gauge displays: -Offset- 1. Density OFF 2. Trench 3. Moisture NOTE The 〈OFFSET〉 key is active only when the Ready screen is displayed. To select a menu option, press the corresponding number key. The remainder of this chapter details the functions available from the Offset menu.
Page 98: Density Offset
To access the Density Offset functions, press 〈1〉 at the Offset menu. DENSITY OFFSET #.# pcf 1. Enable 2. Disable 3. Change Offset The gauge displays the current density offset on the second line.  To enable the displayed density offset, press 〈1〉. The gauge enables the offset, displays a brief confirmation message, and returns to the Ready screen.
Page 99: Trench Offset
Vertical structures such as the walls of a building, trench, or ditch often “echo” gamma photons back to the gauge, which may adversely affect density measurements. Trench offsets compensate for the influence of vertical structures on measurements. Use a trench offset if taking a measurement inside a trench or within 18 inches (45 cm) of a large vertical structure.
Page 100: Moisture Probe Offset
The moisture offset adjusts the moisture probe (Model 6760) readings to match an alternative moisture measurement (ex: oven dry). This is often necessary because the factory moisture Cal Profiles do not represent all soil types. An alternative moisture measurement method must be used to find the %M needed for the offset determination.
Page 101 NOTE A moisture offset simply adds or subtracts a set value to the moisture probe reading using the enabled calibration (usually a factory calibration). The Moisture Probe Calibration (page 5–15) recalibrates the probe for that particular soil allowing a material specific profile to be created.
Page 102 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Overview of the Project menu  Selecting and viewing projects  Creating new projects  Erasing projects  Outputting and printing projects  Deactivating projects  Using the Auto-Store feature  Using the Manual Store feature 8–2...
Page 103: Project Menu
The gauge can store up to 1000 readings. The Project and Store functions allow handling of measurement data. Measurement results are stored in files (memory locations) called projects, which are named by the operator. Projects are managed using the Projects menu. From this menu, the operator can select a project (make an existing project active so that additional data may be added to it), view project data, create a new project, erase projects, output project data to...
Page 105: Select A Project
To select an existing project, press 〈1〉 at the Projects menu shown on page 8–2.  If no projects have been created, the gauge displays the error message: No projects are Stored. Press any key to continue Press any key to return to the Projects menu, and create a project as described on page 8–5.
Page 106 The gauge offers two methods of viewing data. You can either view the last measurement results using the Recall function (see page 4–20), or any measurement results, including project notes, stored in a project file using the View function available from the Projects menu.
Page 107: Create A Project
To create a new project, press 〈3〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge displays: Project Name <ALPHA> for Letters Press the 〈ALPHA LOCK〉 key to enable the alphabetic keys on <ENTER> to EXIT the gauge. When the alphabetic keys are enabled, the symbol appears in the upper right of the display, as shown above.
Page 108: Erase Projects
To erase either a selected project file or all project files, press 〈4〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge displays the Erase menu: Erase: 1. One Project 2. All Projects  To erase a single project, press 〈1〉. If more than one Press # to Select project has been created, the gauge displays: ↨...
Page 109: Output Project
An optional serial cable, P/N 113128, is available from Troxler. Connect the serial cable to the computer’s COM port (or a printer’s serial port). To output project data to a USB printer via the USB port,...
Page 110: Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions
Gauge Reader App is a useful tool for uploading project data Uploading Data to Bluetooth Devices and is available on Google Play. Spreadsheet Column Definitions Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions Record Number Center Line Distance Time and Date Gmb Target Project Name Gmm Target User...
Page 111 To select the output destination, press 〈6〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge displays: Output Destination: ↨ 1. Serial Port 2. USB Printer 3. USB Storage Output Destination: ↨ 4. Bluetooth Option 1 – Serial Port Selecting Option 1 Serial Port allows the data to output to either a computer or serial printer connected to the serial port.
Page 112 Complete Pairing on the Bluetooth enabled device. A Confirmation screen displays once pairing is successful. 8–10...
Page 113: Deactivate A Project
To deactivate the current project without selecting a different one as active, press 〈7〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge deactivates the current project, displays a brief confirmation message, and returns to the Projects menu. Press 〈ESC〉 to return to the Ready screen. Model 4590 8–11...
Page 114 The Auto-Store function automatically stores sample data upon completion of a measurement. The data is stored under the active project, using a sequential sample ID number. When a new project is created, the sample ID number for the Auto-Store function starts at 1 and is incremented each time a new measurement is stored automatically or manually.
Page 115: Auto-Store
If you attempt to enable the Auto-Store function but no project No Project Data has been created, the gauge displays: No Project Data Do You Want To Enable Auto-Store by Creating a Project?  To return to the Projects menu without enabling the Auto- Store function, press 〈NO〉.
Page 116: Manual Store
After completing a measurement and before taking another one, sample data can be stored manually under the active project. Refer to pages 8–3 through 8–5 for instructions on creating and selecting the active project. To manually store measurement data, press the 〈STORE〉 key while data is being displayed.
Page 117 This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:  Setting the date and time  Setting a user ID and customer name  Viewing source decay information  Erasing standard counts  Setting the Low Battery Warning display options  Resetting the software Model 4590 9–1...
Page 118 To access the Extended menu, press 〈SETUP〉 to display the Setup menu, then press 〈.〉 〈9〉. The gauge requests an access code: Input Access Code Press <ENTER> Enter the access code shown on page xv and press the 〈ENTER/START〉 key. The gauge displays the Extended menu: ↨...
Page 119 The Clock/Calendar function allows the operator to change the date and time, and to select the display format for each. To access the Clock/Calendar menu, press 〈1〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge displays: - Clock/Calendar ↨ 1. Change Time 2.
Page 120 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge sets the time and returns to the Clock/Calendar menu. CHANGE DATE To change the date, press 〈2〉 at the Clock/Calendar menu. The gauge displays: 01/08/2014 mm/dd/yyyy Input Date and Press <ENTER> (Note that in this example, the time is displayed in mm/dd/yyyy format.
Page 121 DATE FORMAT The gauge can display the date in either mm/dd/yyyy or dd/mm/yyyy format, where mm is the month, dd is the day, and yyyy is the year. To change the date format, press 〈4〉 at the Clock/Calendar menu. The gauge displays: -Date Format- 1.
Page 122: Chapter 9: Extended Menu
The gauge can store a customer name of up to 12 alphanumeric Customer Name characters. To enter a customer name, press 〈3〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge displays the current customer name on the second line. Customer Name is: CUSTOMER Change Name? To change the customer name, press 〈YES〉.
Page 123 The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity, or rate of decay. This activity decreases with time. The length of time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is referred to as the half-life. The half-life of the Cs-137 source is 30 years.
Page 124: Erase Standard Counts
The Erase Standard Counts function allows the operator or service technician to remove all (four) standard counts from gauge memory. To execute the Erase Standard Counts function, press 〈5〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge displays: Erase Standard Storage Bank <YES>...
Page 125 The Battery Status function (see page 5–12) displays the status of the battery voltage. If the battery voltage falls below a pre- determined threshold, the gauge displays a low- battery warning symbol () in the upper-right corner of the Ready screen.
Page 126: Software Reset
The Software Reset function sets selected user setup values (count time, measurement units, depth mode, user ID, customer name, etc.) to their factory default values. NOTE The Software Reset function does not affect the calibration constants, gauge serial number, clock and calendar settings, or projects stored in the gauge memory.
Page 127: Show Calibration Constants
The Show Calibration Constants menu displays current calibration constants programmed in the gauge memory. To access this function, press 〈9〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge displays: A/1: #.######### B/1: #.######### C/1: #.######### <ENTER> to Continue To return to the Extended menu, press 〈ESC〉. Model 4590 9–11...
Page 128: Test Menu
NOTE The functions available from the Test Menu are to be used by qualified service personnel only! 9–12...
Page 129 & & This appendix covers the following topics and tasks:  Troubleshooting and error messages  Maintaining and servicing your gauge  Cleaning the gauge  Battery information  Replacement parts list  Returning the gauge for service Model 4590...
Page 130: Troubleshooting
Gauge Fails Standard Counts count listed on page 4–5 are followed. . Perform the standard count again. If it still fails, contact your nearest Troxler service center or representative. The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic No Density Readings problem, such as a failure of the detector preamplifier.
Page 131: Batteries
. Report lost or missing radioactive sources to your state or federal radiation control agency in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. . Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further advice. . Ensure that the source rod is properly positioned in the Gauge Readings Appear Erratic desired measurement position.
Page 132 CAUTION All information stored in the gauge except the calibration constants is lost when the batteries are disconnected. . The AC charger may be defective. Check voltage output of charge with a voltmeter or use the DC charger to charge the batteries.
Page 133 Possible Malfunction Indicators Symptom Possible Malfunction Batteries discharge prematurely HV Board Batteries do not charge CPU Board, Preamp Board Battery low indicator does not CPU Board function correctly Beeper stops (or is erratic) CPU Board Display malfunctions CPU Board Display test Fails CPU Board Fails stability or drift tests Preamp board...
Page 134: Table 3. Error Messages
Error Messages The following table displays a list of the gauge error messages, as well as the possible causes and recommended solutions for each message. Table 3. Error Messages Error Message Possible Causes Solution Bad Checksum! Gauge settings and/or Set up user preferences Default Settings project data stored in (such as measurement...
Page 135 Solution Depth Sensor A hardware problem has Enable Manual depth mode. Contact 877- Error. Enable occurred with the depth TROXLER and press “2” and Manual Mode strip. TroxTechSupport@troxlerlab s.com System is unable to Initialization Error This occurs if the source initialize.
Page 136 Ensure the source rod position matches what is shown on the screen. If problem continues, contact the Troxler Service Center. No active project! Operator tried to store Select an existing project or measurement data, but create a new project and no project is active.
Page 137: Table 4. Typical Battery Operating Life
7.0 V. When the NiMH batteries drop below 5.5 V, the gauge shuts off. Troxler recommends recharging the NiMH batteries. The NiMH batteries can be fully recharged in only three hours. Backup gauge power can also be supplied using the AA alkaline batteries supplied with the gauge as described.
Page 138 Battery Charging With fully charged batteries, the Model 4590 gauge remains operational for approximately one week under normal (8-hour day) conditions. If the batteries become discharged, the following message displays on the gauge: *** WARNING! *** Battery Low! When this display appears, there are a few hours remaining before the battery must be recharged.
Page 139 Installing and Using Alkaline Batteries The Model 4590 gauge includes alkaline battery for backup use. To install the batteries: . Turn the gauge off. . Remove the two thumb screws on the battery cover. . Remove the black battery holder from the battery well and remove the old batteries.
Page 140: Mechanical Maintenance
Troxler Service Center or representative for instructions. For a list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers, refer to the front of this manual or visit the Troxler website at www.troxlerlabs.com Cleaning the Base and Topshell...
Page 141 CAUTION The use of any unapproved cleaning agents such as methyl-ethyl-ketones, amines, and methylene chloride can damage the topshell and voids the warranty. Model 4590 A-13...
Page 142: Replacement Parts
This section provides a list for replacing the major parts of the gauge and purchasing accessories. Many parts can be ordered from our e-commerce site at www.troxlerlabs.com PART NO. DESCRIPTION 012754 4590 Scraper Ring 012753 4590 Snap Ring 110016 4590 Battery Assembly (with case) 128432 4590 Plastic Topshell 128146...
Page 143 Accessories PART NO. DESCRIPTION 110017 Shipping Case 100421 Drill Rod 128022 Scraper Plate 103680.1000 Extraction Tool 110403 AC Adapter 104156 DC Charger 118990 4590 Operator’s Manual 113128 RS-232 Cable 107480 Concrete Adapter Model 6760 Moisture Probe Model 4590 A-15...
Page 144: Returning The Gauge For Service
, found on the Downloads page at , with each item returned for service. This RGA form information is used by Troxler shipping and service personnel www.troxlerlabs.com to expedite the repair work. To obtain an RGA number, please call or fax the factory or branch office with your request.
Page 145 This appendix provides the measurement, mechanical and electrical specifications for Model 4590 gauges. Model 4590...
Page 146: Measurement Specifications
Precision Precision is defined as ±one (1) standard deviation in density readings. This number is calculated by the ratio of the standard deviation in the counting rate and the slope of the calibration curve at a given density. Parameters at 6-inch depth Direct Transmission Mode 150 mm (6 inch) Measurement time is 2 min;...
Page 147 Parameters at 12-inch depth Direct Transmission Mode 300 mm (12 inch) Measurement time is 3 min; Background Time is 1 min Density 2150 kg/m lb/ft Precision ± 10 ± 0.6 Composition error ± 0 ± 0 Model 4590...
Page 148: Radiological Specifications
3.3 MBq (90 µCi) ± 40% Gamma Source Cs-137 Source Type Sealed Source – Special Form Stainless Steel, Source Housing Encapsulated Lead Shielding Max. Surface Dose Rate 0.2 mrem/hr at 5 cm Shipping Case Excepted Package...
Page 149: Electrical Specifications
Power Source(s): Main 5 C NiMH (Rechargeable Pack) batteries 5 AA alkaline batteries Backup Charge Source 12 V DC, 2A Battery Recharge Time 3 hours maximum, automatic cutoff (may be charged incrementally without damaging the batteries) Time Before 5 hours of complete Automatic Shutdown inactivity Model 4590...
Page 150: Mechanical Specifications
Gauge Size (w/ handle) 603 H × 438 L × 345 W mm (23.75 H × 16.5 L × 13.88 W in.) Shipping Case Size 795 H × 518 L × 393 W mm (31.3 H × 20.4 L × 15.5 W in.) Weight 13.8 kg (30.5 lb.) 37.6 kg (83.0 lb.)
Page 151:  U.s. Shipping Requirements
& & This appendix contains the following topics:  U.S. Shipping Requirements  Accident Notification Requirements Model 4590...
Page 152 Although the Model 4590 gauge is exempt from radioactive material licensing requirements, it is still subject to the U.S. DOT HAZMAT regulations. Since the Model 4590 contains a small quantity of radioactive material in the form of a sealed source, it must be prepared for shipment in accordance with applicable rules and regulations governing hazardous materials.
Page 153 Markings The package must be marked as follows: ♦ UN ID number – UN 2911 ♦ Full name and address of shipper and consignee ♦ Permissible gross weight of package if this exceeds 50 kg (110 lb.) (not applicable to the Model 4590) ♦...
Page 154 If there is a reportable incident during transportation of the gauge, the operator is required to notify, at the earliest practical moment, the U.S. DOT at 1-800-424-8802. A reportable incident is an accident that occurs during the course of transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage) in which fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving the radioactive materials.
Page 155 & & This appendix covers the following topics and tasks:  Radiological Information  Leak Testing  Training  Disposal  Emergency Procedures  Gauge Use Precautions Model 4590...
Page 156: Radiological Information
The Model 4590 contains 3.3 MBq (90 µCi) of Cesium-137 (Cs-137) in the form of a sealed source. The source is located in an extendable source rod. The source rod provides protection against release of radioactivity under normal use and likely accident conditions, including fire.
Page 157 NOTE The receipt, possession, use, and transfer of the Model 4590 are exempt from licensing by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or Agreement States. Model 4590...
Page 158: Leak Testing
Routine leak testing of the Model 4590 is not required in the desire to perform a leak test of the Model 4590, please perform the following using the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit (P/N 102868) and accompanying instructions. . Write the date, gauge model number, and serial number on the sample form and label.
Page 159: Training
USA, there is no requirement for radiological safety training to use the gauge. However, training is required to transport the gauge (DOT HAZMAT) and operate the gauge. Troxler offers training classes that meet regulatory agency training requirements for nuclear gauge users and for DOT HAZMAT .
Page 160: Disposal
The Model 4590 contains a small radioactive source. It is recommended that users return the device to Troxler at the end of its useful life for removal and disposal of the radioactive sources in the most environmentally responsible manner. Please contact Troxler for further information.
Page 161: Emergency Procedures
If the nuclear gauge is lost or stolen, then immediately notify the gauge owner. The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below. This information should be readily available to the gauge operator at all times. Gauge Owners Name Gauge Owners Phone Additional Contact...
Page 162 NOTE The dose rate at 1 meter (3 feet) from the gauge is less than 0.01 mrem/hr. . If you are unable to reach the Gauge Owner, then call the Other Contact (name and number given at the beginning of this section).
Page 163: Gauge Use Precautions
Tampering with or modifying the gauge or removing the sealed source can be dangerous. ♦ Before shipping a gauge to Troxler for service or repair, obtain an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number from the Troxler Customer Service Department, as described in Appendix A.
Page 165: Measurement Units
This chapter contains the following topics and tasks:  Measurement units  Radiological units Model 4590...
Page 166 The Model 4590 gauges can display measurement results in either SI (metric) units or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the SI unit of becquerel (Bq).
Page 167 1 in. = 25.4 mm 1 in. = 2.54 cm 1 ft. = 30.48 cm 1 ft. = 0.3048 m 1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m 1 pcf = 1.6 × 10 g/cm Radiological Units 1 rem = 0.01 Sv 1 Ci = 37 GBq 1 mCi = 37 MBq 1 µCi = 37 kBq The following table is provided to assist in converting from...
Page 169: Appendix F: Standard Count Log
This chapter contains the following Work Sheets:  Standard Count Log  Moisture Probe Calibration Worksheet Model 4590...
Page 170: Standard Count Log
Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts. To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts. It may be useful to copy or scan this page for future use.
Page 171 Standard Count Log Gauge Serial Number Date Date Model 4590...
Page 172 This worksheet is intended to assist the user in collecting the moisture probe data in the field when performing the Moisture Probe Cal Profile (see page 5–15). It may be useful to copy or scan this page for future use.
Page 173 Moisture Probe Cal Profile Generation Worksheet Date Soil Jobsite Test site Test Site Test site Test Test site Test Site Site 4 Diff True %M Test site Test Site Test site Test Test site Test Site Site 10 Diff True %M Date Soil Jobsite...
Page 175 This appendix covers the following topics:  GPS Accuracy The Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge can be equipped with an optional GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver that provides accurate information on the location (latitude and longitude) of the gauge. Model 4590...
Page 176: Gps Accuracy
As described earlier, the Model 4590 gauge can be equipped with an optional GPS receiver that determines the location (latitude and longitude) of the gauge. This information is stored with each gauge measurement. The GPS receiver used in the Model 4590 has Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) capabilities, which provides accuracy to within 3 m (10 ft.).
Page 177 30 to 45 minutes after the gauge is powered and GPS enabled. The gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS satellites. If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact your Troxler representative. Model 4590...
Page 178: Table 5. Gps Position Accuracy
Table 5. GPS Position Accuracy Quality of Accuracy Fix Quality GPS Data Latitude and longitude GPS reading Within 3 m displayed to nearest 1/100 with WAAS (10 ft.) second Latitude and longitude Within 15 m GPS reading displayed to nearest 1/10 without WAAS (50 ft.) second...
Page 179: Index
INDEX Access code ....................xv Accessories ....................1–5 Accident notification............... B–C-4 Alkaline batteries................A–A-11 Automatic Depth mode ....................3–12 Shutdown.....................B–B-4 Automatic shutdown................3–8 Auto-Store ..................... 8–12 Batteries Alkaline ......................5–9 Battery ....................A–A-9 Alkaline use....................A–A-11 Charge ..................B–B-4, A–A-10 Charging....................A–A-10 Specifications ....................B–B-4 Status........................
Page 180 Count time ....................5–3 Create project ..................8–5 Customer name ..................9–6 Data storage ..................4–19 Date Format ........................ 9–4 Date, changing ..................9–4 Deactivate project ................8–11 Density ...................... 2–5 Offset ........................2–5 Offset enable ....................7–4 Depth Mode ........................5–6 Detectors ....................
Page 181 Upon receipt ....................1–7 Licensing ....................1–4 Log, standard count .................F–F-3 Low battery warning ................9–9 Maintenance Mechanical ....................A–A-12 Malfunction indicators ..............A–A-4 Manual Depth mode ....................3–12 Store ......................... 8–14 Measurement ..................4–13 Site preparation ....................4–2 Source rod positions ..................3–5 Specifications ....................B–B-2 Mechanical...
Page 182 Parameter setup .................. 3–10 Parts Gauge ......................... 1–5 Replacement.................... A–A-14 Percent air voids .................. 5–13 Photons ..................... 2–2 Port Serial ........................8–7 USB ........................8–7 Position Safe ........................3–5 Source rod ......................3–5 Precision ....................B–B-2 Precautions .................A–D-9 Function ........................ 5–15 Print Drift test ......................
Page 183 Safe position ................... 3–5 Sample identification (ID) number ..........8–12 Serial Port ........................8–7 Service ....................A–A-16 Service Centers ................... iii Set units ....................5–5 Setup Depth........................ 3–12 First-time ......................3–10 Measurement Units ..................3–11 Menu ........................5–2 Shipping....................C–C-1 Case ........................F–B-5 Shutdown, automatic.............
Page 184 Store data ....................4–19 Target Menu ........................6–2 Temperature..................F–B-5 Test Drift ........................5–20 Stat ........................5–18 Theory Offset ........................2–5 Time Count ........................5–3 Format ........................ 9–4 Time, changing ..................9–3 Time, count .................... 3–10 Training ..................... 1–4 Transport case ..................F–B-5 Trench offset ..................
Page 185: Warranty
During the applicable warranty period, TROXLER’s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair at a TROXLER facility at no charge, except for shipping to and from TROXLER’S plant, of any instrument which may prove defective under normal use and which TROXLER’s examination shall disclose to its satisfaction to...
Page 186 NOTES Notes...

Troxler EGauge 4590 Manual Of Operation And Instruction

Chapter 1 : Introduction

Chapter 2 : Theory of Operation

Chapter 3 : Preparing for Use

Chapter 4 : Using the Gauge

Chapter 5: Setup Menu

Chapter 6: Target Menu

Chapter 7 : Calibration Offsets

Chapter 8 : Project Data

Chapter 9: Extended Menu

Appendix A: Maintenance & Troubleshooting A-1

Appendix B: Specifications

Appendix C: Transporting & Shipping

Appendix D: Radiation Theory & Safety

Appendix E: Unit Conversion

Appendix F: Standard Count Log

Appendix G: Global Positioning System (Gps)

Index

Warranty

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