Troxler 3430 Manual Of Operation And Instruction
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Troxler 3430 Manual Of Operation And Instruction

Surface moisture-density gauge
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Manual of Operation and Instruction
Model 3430
(and Model 3430-M)
Surface
Moisture-Density
Gauge
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER
Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661
Fax: +1.919.549.0761
www.troxlerlabs.com

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  • Page 1 Manual of Operation and Instruction Model 3430 (and Model 3430-M) Surface Moisture-Density Gauge Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. 3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: 1.877.TROXLER Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661 Fax: +1.919.549.0761 www.troxlerlabs.com...
  • Page 2 The Troxler Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge is protected by U.S. and Foreign Patents Copyright ♥ 1990–2006 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including...
  • Page 3 Always observe all WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE recommendations listed within this manual before operating the machine. Model 3430...
  • Page 4 Gilchinger Strasse 33 D.82239 Alling nr. Munich, Germany Phone: ++49.8141.71063 Fax: ++49.8141.80731 Southwestern Branch Office 2016 East Randol Mill Road E-mail: troxler@t-online.de Suite 406 Arlington, TX 76011 Fax: 817.275.8562 NOTE To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service center near you, call 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537).
  • Page 5 Units intended for use in countries that are members of the European Community are shipped with a CE-approved AC adapter, Troxler bin number 108354. Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service personnel only. There are no user-serviceable components inside. Note...
  • Page 6 Certificate Number C283TRO.1ABS Dated 16th January 1997 Troxler Document Number 108205 Manufacturer: Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. PO Box 12057 3008 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Apparatus: Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge Year of Declaration: 1997 (Original) 2006 (Corrected)
  • Page 7 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. The Model 3430 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on how the Model 3430 operates and provides directions on the use of this gauge. Site selection, basic parameter...

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3430 Introduction ..................1-2 Gauge Parts and Accessories ............1-4 Unpacking and Inspection ............. 1-6 Storage Site Selection ..............1-7 CHAPTER 2. THEORY OF OPERATION Density ................... 2-2 Moisture ..................2-5 CHAPTER 3.
  • Page 10 Battery Charging ................C-8 Mechanical Maintenance.............C-10 Leak Testing ................C-15 Replacement Parts ...............C-16 Returning the Gauge for Service ..........C-26 Troxler Service Centers...............C-28 APPENDIX D. TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING U.S. Requirements.................D-2 Canadian Shipping Requirements ..........D-4 APPENDIX E. STANDARD COUNT LOG APPENDIX F. UNIT CONVERSION Measurement Units................
  • Page 11 Diagram of an Atom..........A-2 Variation of Radioactive Emission ......A-4 Effect of Distance on Exposure......... A-6 Model 3430 Gauge and Transport Case ....A-8 Removing the Tungsten Sliding Block ....C-13 3430 Gauge Assembly ..........C-17 3430 Gauge Base Mechanical Assembly ....C-19 3430 Source Rod Handle Assembly......
  • Page 12 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page Model 3430 Keypad Functions ........3-3 K Values for Thin Lift Overlays ......4-13 Radiation Profile for Model 3430 Gauge....A-9 Radiation Profile for Model 3430-M Gauge....A-10...
  • Page 13 For more information on using the access code refer to the specific function in Chapter 5. The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is: 4678 This page should be removed if the access code is not to be distributed to other parties or users of this gauge. Model 3430...
  • Page 14 NOTES...
  • Page 15 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3430 This chapter provides a general introduction to the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge and its applications. Also included are a list of the gauge parts and accessories, instructions for unpacking and inspecting the system, and guidelines for site selections.

  • Page 16: Introduction

    The nuclear method of testing density and moisture has been approved by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). The Model 3430 meets or exceeds all the requirements of ASTM Standards C1040, D2922, D2950, and D3017. Some information contained in this manual is used in training courses offered by Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
  • Page 17 Any licensing issues discussed in this manual are for the United States. To purchase a Model 3430 in Canada, owners must obtain a radioisotope license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC). The owner should obtain copies of the CNSC Regulations and the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations.

  • Page 18: Gauge Parts And Accessories

    GAUGE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Figure 1-1 shows the Model 3430 gauge and its accessories. Use this figure and the list below to identify the gauge and parts as they are unpacked. 1. The Gauge is a portable instrument containing all electronic modules, battery packs, detectors, and radioactive sources.
  • Page 19 Figure 1-1. Model 3430 Gauge and Accessories Model 3430...

  • Page 20: Unpacking And Inspection

    If the shipping case, any other part of the container, or the gauge appears to be damaged, notify the carrier and your Troxler Representative immediately. For shipping to another location or back to the factory, save the box and any packing material.

  • Page 21: Storage Site Selection

    (indoors). ◆ The storage area should be marked with a radiation sign that reads “CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS” (can be obtained from Troxler). ◆ The storage of a nuclear gauge in a motor vehicle is not recommended.
  • Page 22 NOTES...
  • Page 23 THEORY OF OPERATION This chapter contains a brief description of the theory of operation of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. The direct transmission and backscatter modes of operation are illustrated along with a brief explanation of the cesium-137 source, americium- 241:beryllium or californium-252 source, and detector geometry.

  • Page 24: Density

    DENSITY The Troxler Model 3430 gauge utilizes two modes of operation: direct transmission mode (source rod extended into the material) and backscatter mode. Figures 2-1 and 2-2 illustrate the two modes of operation. In direct transmission mode (Figure 2-1), the rod containing the cesium-137 (8 mCi/0.3 GBq) source is lowered to the desired depth.
  • Page 25 Figure 2-1. Direct Transmission Geometry Figure 2-2. Backscatter Geometry Model 3430...
  • Page 26 Figure 2-3. Backscatter Surface Density Effects (Top Layer Effect Curves)

  • Page 27: Moisture

    MOISTURE The Model 3430 gauge uses a 40 mCi (1.48 GBq) americium- 241:beryllium neutron source to measure the hydrogen content (consequently the water content) of the material. The 3430-M gauge employs a 60 µCi (2.22 MBq) californium-252 source. Neutrons emitted by the Am-241:Be (or Cf-252) source penetrate the material and are thermalized (or slowed).
  • Page 28 Figure 2-4. Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement...
  • Page 29 CHAPTER 3 OPERATING THE GAUGE This chapter explains the basic operation of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. Instructions for conducting a daily gauge inspection, setting gauge parameters, taking the daily standard count, preparing the site, positioning the gauge, and taking moisture and density measurements are included.

  • Page 30: The Keypad

    THE KEYPAD Figure 3-1. Model 3430 Keypad The keypad (Figure 3-1) of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture- Density Gauge consists of ten keys — an eight-function keypad and the 〈ON/YES〉 and 〈OFF/NO〉 keys. The gauge is equipped with a beeper to verify keystrokes. If a beep is not heard when a key is pressed, the keystroke was not recognized and should be repeated.
  • Page 31 Table 3-1. Model 3430 Keypad Functions KEYS DESCRIPTION PAGE Turns on the gauge and answers Yes to prompts. Turns gauge off and answers No to prompts ↑ Scrolls the display up. ↓ Scrolls the display down. Allows entering or enabling of a Proctor or Marshall value.

  • Page 32: Source Rod Positions

    SOURCE ROD POSITIONS Figure 3-2 shows the available positions of the source rod. NOTE The source rod should always be in the SAFE position when the gauge is not in use. Figure 3-2. Source Rod Positions...

  • Page 33: Daily Inspection

    10 – 20 mrem per hour. A reading of about 1 mrem or less indicates either that the survey instrument is not working properly or that the cesium-137 source may be missing. Refer to the Troubleshooting section of Appendix C for further instructions. Model 3430...

  • Page 34: Turning The Gauge On

    TURNING THE GAUGE ON The gauge uses rechargeable NiCad batteries (included) as a power source. When first turned on, the control panel displays test characters before proceeding to the self-test. NOTE If the gauge turns off immediately after it is turned on, the battery charge may be low or the gauge may be wet inside.

  • Page 35: Gauge Parameter Setup

    SETTING MEASUREMENT UNITS The 3430 gauge allows measurement results to be displayed in either metric or US units. To set the measurement units, first access the Special function menu by pressing 〈SPECIAL〉.

  • Page 36: Setting The Count Time

    When the desired depth is displayed, press 〈START/ENTER〉. SELECTING THE MODE (MARSHALL/PROCTOR) The 3430 gauge may be used on construction materials (soils, asphalt, concrete, and so on). To select the Soil mode, enter or activate a Proctor value. To select the Asphalt mode, enter or activate a Marshall value.
  • Page 37 (0 – 9 and .). When the correct value for the current digit is displayed, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The gauge will proceed to the next digit to the right. When the value entry is complete, the gauge activates the value and returns to the Ready mode. Model 3430...

  • Page 38: Taking The Standard Count

    TAKING THE STANDARD COUNT The 3430 gauge uses a cesium-137 and an americium-241:beryllium source for taking measurements. These radioactive sources undergo a natural decay process, resulting in a gradual loss in the intensity of their radiation. The time required for the source strength to diminish by 50% is referred to as the half-life.
  • Page 39 Figure 3-3. Standard Count Position Troxler recommends that the operator keep a daily log of the moisture and density standard counts (see Appendix E). To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows: ♦ During the first four days of operation of a new or recalibrated gauge, compare the daily standard count to the factory calibrated values.

  • Page 40: Site Preparation/Gauge Positioning

    SITE PREPARATION/GAUGE POSITIONING Preparation of the test site surface is critical to gauge performance. This section provides site preparation procedures for both soils and base courses and asphalt surfaces. To ensure the most accurate gauge readings, the appropriate preparation procedure should be followed.
  • Page 41 ✓ Gently slide the gauge toward the keypad so the source rod makes contact with the wall of the hole. EDGE MARK FOR SCRAPER MARKS PLATE CENTER SCRAPER SCRAPER PLATE PLATE MARK FOR DRILL ROD CENTER METHOD 2 METHOD 1 Figure 3-5. Marking the Test Area Model 3430 3-13...

  • Page 42: Asphalt Surface Preparation

    ASPHALT SURFACE PREPARATION It is possible, but usually not necessary, to take direct transmission readings on asphalt. Drilling a hole in asphalt can be difficult, and may require the use of a drill (rather than the drill rod) if the asphalt has cooled and hardened.

  • Page 43: Taking A Measurement - Soil Mode

    NOTE When not taking measurements, always keep the source rod in the SAFE position. For added operator safety, the source rod on the 3430 gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle. If you do not hear a click when the source rod is raised to the SAFE position, look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed.
  • Page 44 xxxxx (Use ↑ & ↓ keys) xxxxx PCF %PR: xx.x % Moist: xxxxx PCF % Moist: xx.x % xx.x% Air Void: Void Ratio MOIST CR: xx.x DENS CR: xx.x M Count: xxxxx D Count: xxxxx where: WD = Wet density in kg/m or pcf DD = Dry density in kg/m or pcf...
  • Page 45 Dw = Density of Water SG = Specific Gravity of Soil Particles DD = Dry Density M = Moisture VOID RATIO = Volume of Voids / Volume of Soil = ( SG(Dw) – DD ) / DD Figure 3-6. Voids Illustration Model 3430 3-17...

  • Page 46: Taking A Measurement - Asphalt Mode

    NOTE When not taking measurements, always keep the source rod in the SAFE position. For added operator safety, the source rod on the 3430 gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is picked up by the handle.
  • Page 47 100 – % MA = Value given by subtracting the percent Marshall value from 100 MOIST CR = Moisture count ratio DENS. CR = Density count ratio M Count = Moisture counts as read by the gauge D Count = Density counts as read by the gauge Model 3430 3-19...
  • Page 48 NOTES 3-20...
  • Page 49 CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED GAUGE OPERATION This chapter provides instructions for using the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge in special circumstances where the gauge may require an offset or special calibration. This chapter also explains the procedure for using the gauge to measure thin layers of asphalt.

  • Page 50: Offsets

    The 3430 gauge requires an offset if measurements are to be taken inside a trench or close to vertical structures. Vertical structures can scatter neutrons and gamma photons back to the gauge, increasing...

  • Page 51: Density Offset

    To input a minus sign (for a negative offset), press the down arrow first. To scroll through the numerals, press up and down arrows. To select the next digit and/or exit, press 〈START/ENTER〉. The display will be: Dens. Offset ON Model 3430...

  • Page 52: Moisture Offset

    MOISTURE OFFSET Some soils contain hydrogen sources other than water and/or neutron absorbers. Since the 3430 gauge measures moisture by determining the hydrogen content of the material and relating this to the water content, both types of material could cause gauge readings that differ from the true moisture.
  • Page 53 To scroll through the possible values for each digit, press the arrow key. To select the next digit, press 〈START/ENTER〉. When all digits are entered, the gauge will enable the offset. The display will be: Moist Offset ON Model 3430...

  • Page 54: Trench Offsets

    TRENCH OFFSETS If the Model 3430 gauge is to be used for moisture or density measurements in a trench or within two feet (0.6 m) of a large vertical structure, a trench offset may be required. If used, the trench offset adjusts all moisture measurements but only the density measurements from backscatter through four inches (10 cm).

  • Page 55: Special Calibrations

    (µ/ρ) of the material. If the chemical composition of the soil is known, Troxler can provide a procedure for recalculating the B value for manual entry (see page 4-8) to accurately measure the soil density.

  • Page 56: Entering A New B Value

    Enter B Value? To enter a known B value obtained with the procedure available from Troxler, press 〈ON/YES〉. To have the gauge calculate the recalibration, press 〈OFF/NO〉. If entering a new known B value, see the following explanation. For gauge-calculated special calibration, see page 4-9.

  • Page 57: Gauge-Calculated Calibration

    If the operator has previously taken calibration counts, the gauge asks if these counts should be used in calibrating the gauge. To use the previous counts, press 〈ON/YES〉. The gauge will then request the density. To take new counts, press 〈OFF/NO〉. Model 3430...
  • Page 58 Press START for Reading # x Place the gauge on the test material. To begin taking the four one- minute counts, press 〈START/ENTER〉. After each count is complete, the operator must initiate the next count by pressing 〈START/ENTER〉. Enter known density now? To create a partial calibration and return to the Ready mode, press 〈OFF/NO〉.

  • Page 59: Thin Layer Measurements

    ✓ Determine the thickness of the overlay and select the corresponding (k) value from Table 4-1. ✓ Measure the thin lift overlay density with the gauge in backscatter position (WD). ✓ Enter all values into the above equation and calculate the overlay density (DT). Model 3430 4-11...
  • Page 60 EXAMPLE Given the following values: Bottom Density (DB) = 135 pcf (2162 kg/m Overlay Thickness = 1.2 inches (30 mm) K (from Table 4-1) = 0.38235 Density read by gauge (WD) = 142.0 pcf (2275 kg/m × 142.0 – (135 0.38235) DT = 1 –...
  • Page 61 0.07149 0.29958 0.06562 0.28454 0.05976 0.27527 0.05615 0.26600 0.05253 0.25673 0.04892 0.24387 0.04390 0.23102 0.03889 0.22310 0.03580 0.21517 0.03271 0.20725 0.02962 0.19626 0.02676 0.18527 0.02391 0.17850 0.02105 0.17172 0.01709 0.16495 0.01313 0.15556 0.01069 0.14617 0.00825 0.14038 0.00581 Model 3430 4-13...
  • Page 62 NOTES 4-14...
  • Page 63 CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS This chapter gives brief explanations of the Special functions available on the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge, or directs the reader to the appropriate section dealing with a particular function. CONTENTS Recall ..................... 5-2 Offset ..................... 5-2 Stat Test ..................

  • Page 64: Recall

    RECALL The Recall function allows the operator to view the data from the last reading. Even though the 3430 gauge does not store multiple readings, this function displays the latest data. To access the Special functions, press 〈SPECIAL〉. To access the Recall feature, press 〈START/ENTER〉.
  • Page 65 To perform a stat test on the 3430 gauge, place the gauge on the reference standard block in the standard count position (see Chapter 3). To access the Special functions, press 〈SPECIAL〉. To access the Stat Test feature, press the down arrow twice and press 〈START/ENTER〉.
  • Page 66 Moist R = xxxx ↑ ↓ to view data Moist Avg. xxxx ↑ ↓ to view data • • • #20 D xxxx M xxxx (Use ↑ & ↓ keys)

  • Page 67: Drift Test

    If the stat test has already been performed (and passed), but gauge readings seem to drift between tests, the drift test can check the long-term drift of the 3430 gauge. A drift test consists of five 4-minute counts taken approximately 3 to 8 hours after completion of a stat test with no movement of the gauge between tests.
  • Page 68 After the five counts have been completed, the display is: D: PASS M: PASS ↑ ↓ to view data To view the stat test data, use the up and down arrow keys. D% Drift xxxx ↑ ↓ to view data Dens.

  • Page 69: Special Calibration

    To change the value of the flashing digit, use the up and down arrows. To accept the flashing value and select the next digit, press 〈START/ENTER〉. If a value is not entered, the default value is the specific gravity for soil grains (2.70). Model 3430...

  • Page 70: Voidless Density

    VOIDLESS DENSITY The Voidless Density function allows the input of the theoretical voidless density value of the material being measured. This value is used in the % Voids calculation. To access the Special functions, press 〈SPECIAL〉. To access the Voidless Density feature, press the down arrow six times and press 〈START/ENTER〉.

  • Page 71: Calibration Constants

    NOTE Each 3430 gauge contains a unique set of constants. The constants used in one gauge will not work in another gauge! The constants for your 3430 gauge are developed at the factory and are reflected on the factory calibration sheet.

  • Page 72: Memory Reset

    Enter the remaining constants for each depth. NOTE If the calibration sheet lists B and F values, instead of B*1000 and F*1000 values, then the calibration is in English, rather than metric, units. Therefore, the B and F values must be converted to metric values and multiplied by 1000 before they are entered into the gauge.

  • Page 73: Language

    LANGUAGE The 3430 gauge supports three language displays (English, French, and Spanish). Troxler also offers keypad inserts in each of these three languages (see Appendix C). To change the display language, first access the Special functions by pressing 〈SPECIAL〉. Press the up arrow once.

  • Page 74: 15-Second Inhibit

    The 15-second Inhibit function enables the gauge owner or operator to disable the 15-second count option. When this function is enabled, the 3430 gauge can only conduct one- or four-minute counts. To disable the 15-second count option, first access the Special functions by pressing 〈SPECIAL〉.
  • Page 75 APPENDIX A RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY This appendix is required reading for anyone who will operate the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. This information covers radiation theory, along with a brief explanation of radiation statistics and radiation terminology. CONTENTS Radiation Theory ................A-2 Atomic Structure ..............

  • Page 76: Radiation Theory

    RADIATION THEORY A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual, provided at the Troxler safety class. ATOMIC STRUCTURE All materials consist of chemical elements that can not decompose by ordinary chemical methods. Some examples are:...
  • Page 77 Note that the source used in the 3430 is small, with quantities expressed in millicurie (mCi). The SI unit of radiation is the becquerel (Bq). A becquerel equals one disintegration per second.
  • Page 78 RADIATION STATISTICS Radioactive emission is a random process. The number of emissions in a given time period is not constant but varies statistically about an average value. The variation about the true mean value is a Poisson σ distribution. In this distribution, the standard deviation ( ) about the mean (n) is defined as: σ...

  • Page 79: Radiation Safety

    United States and many other countries is 5,000 mrem per year. Under average conditions, a full-time employee working with the 3430 gauge will receive less than 200 mrem per year. By comparison, people in the US receive an average of 360 mrem per year from natural background radiation and medical radiation.
  • Page 80 Taking advantage of all available means to limit radiation exposure is always recommended. The three methods of limiting exposure are: Time Distance Shielding These methods are a part of the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) philosophy of radiation protection. Time The simplest way to reduce exposure is to keep the time spent around a radioactive source to a minimum.
  • Page 81 (such as photons and neutrons) require much more shielding. Dense materials, such as lead, shield photons. Materials containing large amounts of hydrogen, such as polyethylene, shield neutrons. The Model 3430 gauge has shielding built into the system to reduce the exposure. MONITORING RADIATION...
  • Page 82 RADIATION PROFILE Table A-1 shows the radiation profile for the Model 3430 gauge; Table A-2 shows the profile for the Model 3430-M gauge. Each table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates (in mrem/hour) for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A-4.
  • Page 83 Table A-1. Radiation Profile for Model 3430 Gauge SURFACE 10 CENTIMETERS 30 CENTIMETERS 1 METER GAUGE Front 13.0 14.7 Back 26.0 27.4 Left Side 13.0 14.0 0.25 0.95 Right Side 12.0 13.0 0.25 2.75 0.45 19.0 20.7 0.15 0.25 Bottom 18.0...
  • Page 84 Table A-2. Radiation Profile for Model 3430-M Gauge SURFACE 30 CENTIMETERS 1 METER GAUGE Front 12.0 16.5 Back 20.0 24.5 Left Side 13.5 15.5 Right Side 19.0 20.5 18.0 23.0 Bottom 18.0 16.0 34.0 TRANSPORT CASE WITH GAUGE Front 10.0 11.9...
  • Page 85 SOURCE ENCAPSULATION The source in the Model 3430 gauge meets regulatory requirements of U.S. and international authorities as “Special Form” sealed source material. The sources are encapsulated to prevent leakage of radioactive material and meet radiation safety requirements. The neutron source (americium-241:beryllium in the Model 3430 or californium-252 in the Model 3430-M) is compressed and then welded inside stainless steel capsules.
  • Page 86 The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below. (Note that company refers to the gauge owner’s company, not Troxler Electronic Laboratories.) This information should be readily available to the gauge operator at all times.
  • Page 87 The RSO may also be required to notify the U.S. DOT of accidents during transport. ✓ Before shipping a damaged gauge to Troxler, obtain an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number from the Troxler RSO as described in the Returning the Gauge for Service section of Appendix C.
  • Page 88 NOTES A-14...
  • Page 89 APPENDIX B 3430 SPECIFICATIONS This appendix contains gauge and measurement specifications for the Model 3430 and Model 3430-M Surface Moisture-Density Gauges. CONTENTS Measurement Specifications ............B-2 Density at 2000 kg/m ............B-2 Moisture at 240 kg/m ............B-2 Density at 125 pcf ..............B-3 Moisture at 15 pcf ..............

  • Page 90: Measurement

    MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS DENSITY AT 2000 KG/M Direct Transmission (150 mm) .25 min 1 min 4 min ±6.8 ±3.40 ±1.70 Precision (kg/m ) ±20.0 ±20.0 ±20.0 Composition error (kg/m Surface error (kg/m –17.0 –17.0 –17.0 (100% Void) Backscatter (98%, 100 mm) .25 min 1 min 4 min...

  • Page 91: Density At 125 Pcf

    1 min 4 min ±1.00 ±0.50 ±0.25 Precision (pcf) ±2.50 ±2.50 ±2.50 Composition error (pcf) Surface error (pcf) –4.68 –4.68 –4.68 (100% Void) MOISTURE AT 15 PCF .25 min 1 min 4 min ±0.64 ±0.32 ±0.16 Precision (pcf) Model 3430...

  • Page 92: Radiological Specifications

    Sealed Source - Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel Shielding Tungsten, Lead and Cadmium Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profiles in Appendix A. Source Rod Material Stainless Steel Shipping Case DOT 7A, Type A, Yellow II TI. 0.3 (0.6 for Model 3430-M)

  • Page 93: Electrical Specifications

    Stored Power 15 watt-hours Battery Recharge Time 14 to 16 hours Gauge Charging 12 V dc, 500 mA minimum Requirements Liquid Crystal Display 2 line x 16 character alphanumeric Keypad 10-key sealed membrane Power Consumption < 0.10 watts average Model 3430...

  • Page 94: Mechanical Specifications

    MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Base Cast Aluminum 14.45 × 8.85 × 6.45 in Gauge Size (w/o handle) 367 × 225 × 164 mm Gauge Height (w/ handle) 23.25 in (591 mm) for 12" rod 19.25 in (489 mm) for 8" rod 29.5 × 14.0 × 17.0 in Transportation Case 74.9 ×...
  • Page 95 This appendix contains information for maintaining and servicing the Model 3430 Surface Moisture-Density Gauge. The following procedures should be performed to keep the 3430 gauge in good working order. If a serious problem with the gauge arises, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center or representative for instructions.

  • Page 96: Troubleshooting

    If the sliding block still does not close completely, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. NO DENSITY READINGS ✓ The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic problem, such as a failure of the detector preamplifier.
  • Page 97 3. Report lost or missing radioactive sources to your state or federal radiation control agency in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. 4. Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further advice. GAUGE READINGS APPEAR ERRATIC ✓ Ensure that the source rod is properly locked in the desired backscatter or direct transmission position, and is not resting on the test material.
  • Page 98 ✓ If necessary, perform a statistical stability (stat) test, record the results and contact the nearest Troxler Service Center. GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON ✓ The gauge automatically turns off after five hours if no keys are pressed.
  • Page 99 ✓ Check calibration constants. ✓ Check to see if an offset (density, moisture, trench or special) is enabled. ✓ Ensure that the standard counts are correct. ✓ Ensure that the index rod is seated in bottom of notch. Model 3430...

  • Page 100: Possible Malfunction Indicators

    POSSIBLE MALFUNCTION INDICATORS CPU Board Display Malfunctions Display Test Fails No Keypad Response Gauge Doesn't Turn "Off" RAM Test Fails Beeper Stops (or is erratic) Batteries Do Not Recharge Gauge Does Not Turn On Battery Low Indicator Does When Charger Is Connected Not Function Correctly Preamp Board No Moisture or Density Counts...

  • Page 101: Error Messages

    ERROR MESSAGES The following error messages are not user-serviceable. Contact Troxler Customer Service for more information. KEY PAD TEST ERROR! GM TUBE TEST ERROR! HELIUM TUBE TEST ERROR! DISPLAY TEST ERROR! Model 3430...

  • Page 102: Battery Charging

    BATTERY CHARGING With fully charged batteries, the 3430 gauge will remain operational for approximately eight weeks under normal (8-hour day) conditions. If the batteries become discharged, the following message will be displayed on the gauge: *** WARNING *** Battery Low! When this display appears, there are a few hours remaining before the battery must be recharged.
  • Page 103 ✓ Replace the topshell. Be careful not to over-tighten the screws, and tighten them evenly to prevent warping of the topshell (tighten to about 6 in-lb torque). ✓ Reconnect the ribbon cable to the baseboard assembly and replace the front panel assembly. Model 3430...

  • Page 104: Mechanical Maintenance

    CLEANING If the 3430 gauge is to provide precise and accurate measurements over a long period of time the gauge should be kept as clean as possible. Monitor the outside surfaces of the instrument for accumulations of dirt, oil, asphalt, or any other foreign matter.

  • Page 105: Source Rod Bearing

    ✓ Using a standard 16-ounce grease gun loaded with a Magnalube→-G cartridge, apply five shots of lubricant or enough to eject all dirty grease until clean grease is visible. ✓ Re-assemble the gauge. Do not apply more than 6 in-lb torque to the topshell screws. Model 3430 C-11...

  • Page 106: Tungsten Sliding Block

    If not, check that the sliding block spring was properly installed after cleaning. If the sliding block still does not close properly, immediately contact your nearest Troxler Service Center. CAUTION Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed.
  • Page 107 ✓ Replace the wiper ring in the bottom plate. ✓ Re-install the bottom plate. Do not over-tighten screws! Ensure that the source rod moves up and down freely. Figure C-1. Removing the Tungsten Sliding Block Model 3430 C-13...

  • Page 108: Gasket Replacement

    GASKET REPLACEMENT Four gaskets seal the gauge from moisture, dirt, and debris. Condensation may form inside the gauge if the gauge has been out in extremely wet weather or in high humidity, or if it is used in the cold and stored in a warm building. In this case, remove the topshell and allow the gauge to dry.

  • Page 109: Leak Testing

    ✓ Holding the wipe disk with tongs, wipe the area around and inside the opening where the source rod extends from the gauge base. ✓ Pack the disk, as instructed, in the envelope and mail to Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. for analysis. ✓ Secure the gauge properly.

  • Page 110: Replacement Parts

    Figure C-2 on the opposite page. Ref # Part Number Description 000001.0601 Washer #6 INT Lock SS 106368 3430 Gauge Gasket (topshell to base) 105299 3430/3440 Preamplifier Assembly 106340 Gasket, Depth Strip Hole 104149 3430 Battery Assembly (w/case)
  • Page 111 Figure C-2. 3430 Gauge Assembly Model 3430 C-17...

  • Page 112: Base Mechanical Assembly

    BASE MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Match the reference number (Ref #) shown below with the correct part in Figure C-3 on the opposite page. Ref # Part Number Description 105256 3400 Base Machining 100996 3400 Sliding Block 102351 3400 Round Bioshield 105264 Bottom Plate Assembly 102069.1000 Wiper Cap...
  • Page 113 Figure C-3. 3430 Gauge Base Mechanical Assembly Figure C-4. 3430 Source Rod Handle Assembly Model 3430 C-19...

  • Page 114: Preamplifier Assembly

    Figure C-5 on the opposite page. Ref # Part Number Description 105726 3440, 3430 Assembly, HV Baseboard 105771 Assembly 3430, 3440 Pre-amp PC BD 000923.3252 Spacer, 4-40 x 1" Hex M/F Threaded 018127.0002 Loctite, 242 Medium Strength 105289 3430, 3440 Preamplifier Mech Assembly...
  • Page 115 Figure C-5. 3430 Gauge Preamplifier Assembly Model 3430 C-21...

  • Page 116: Scaler Assembly

    105291 Charger Well 106819 3430 Overlay-w/inserts 105287 Front Panel 3430 106369 Front Panel Gasket 105832 PCB, Assembly, 3430 CPU 105294 Washer 102888 Cable, 3400B (front panel to base) 105295 106525 Assembly, Metal Cap w/lug 000001.0401 Washer, #4 Int. Lock SS 000204.1400...
  • Page 117 Figure C-6. 3430 Gauge Scaler Assembly Model 3430 C-23...

  • Page 118: Other Standard Parts

    Description 106852.0001 Kit, 3430 Language Mod, French (Overlay) 106852.0003 Kit, 3430 Language Mod, Spanish (Overlay) 106852.0004 Kit, 3430 Language Mod, Chinese (Mainland Overlay) 106852.0005 Kit, 3430 Language Mod, Chinese (Taiwan Overlay) 107472 LCD Display 012751 Seal, (for Bearing T. S-625)

  • Page 119: Accessories

    Leak Test Packet (4 unit refill) 102873 1 oz Solution Detergent (leak test) 109661 Survey Meter 021140 Radiation sign kit 105305 3430 Operator Manual English 105305.0001 3430 Operator Manual French 105305.0003 3430 Operator Manual Spanish 105305.0004 3430 Operator Manual Chinese-Mainland 105305.0005...

  • Page 120: Returning The Gauge For Service

    Please call or fax the factory or branch office to obtain the RGA number. NOTE When you contact Troxler for an RGA number, you will be given shipping instructions that will save you considerable time and money.* Please ask for special 2-day air shipment rates.
  • Page 121 “Confirming Order” on any follow-up written requests. NOTE Returning a 3430 gauge requires special handling and shipping procedures. Follow the instructions in Appendix D. Please contact a Troxler Sales Support or Service Representative with any questions.

  • Page 122: Troxler Service Centers

    D.82239 Alling nr. Munich, Germany Phone: ++49.8141.71063 Fax: ++49.8141.80731 Southwestern Branch Office 2016 East Randol Mill Road E-mail: troxler@t-online.de Suite 406 Arlington, TX 76011 Fax: 817.275.8562 NOTE To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service center near you, call 1.877.TROXLER (1.877.876.9537). C-28...
  • Page 123 IAEA recommendations have been codified in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations. International customers should consult their local government or licensing authority for applicable regulations. CONTENTS U.S. Shipping Requirements ............D-2 Accident Notification Requirements ........D-3 Hazmat Training..............D-3 Canadian Shipping Requirements..........D-4 Model 3430...

  • Page 124: Requirements

    The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United States are listed below. For more detailed information about these requirements, please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide. ♦ A copy of the current IAEA Certificate of Competent Authority for each source in the gauge (Special Form Certificate) must be kept on file.

  • Page 125: Accident Notification Requirements

    The U.S. DOT regulations require every hazmat employer to train, test, certify, and maintain records for each hazmat employee. Hazmat training applies to anyone who transports or prepares for transport radioactive materials. Refresher training is required every three years. Model 3430...

  • Page 126: Canadian Shipping Requirements

    CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations (TDG) and Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations (TPRM) apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada. For training and accident notification requirements, consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations.

  • Page 127: Appendix E. Standard Count Log

    APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts. To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts. Model 3430...
  • Page 128 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Date...
  • Page 129 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Date Model 3430...
  • Page 130 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Date...
  • Page 131 APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION The 3430 (3430-M) gauge can display measurement results in either SI (metric) units or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the SI unit of becquerel (Bq). This requires the shipper to convert the activity on the Bill of Lading from curies to becquerels (GBq).

  • Page 132: Measurement Units

    MEASUREMENT UNITS 1 in = 25.4 mm 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 30.48 cm 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m 1 pcf = 1.6 × 10 g/cm RADIOLOGICAL UNITS 1 rem = 0.01 Sv 1 Ci = 37 GBq 1 mCi = 37 MBq 1 µCi = 37 kBq...

  • Page 133: Index

    INDEX Access Code ..................xi Accessories ................1-4, C-25 Accident notification ..............D-5 Advanced operation ............... 4-1 Alkaline batteries ................C-8 Americium-241:beryllium ......2-1, 2-5, A-3, A-11, B-4 Asphalt mode ................3-17 ASTM standards ................1-2 Atomic structure ................A-2 Backscatter Geometry .................
  • Page 134 Density Measurement theory ............... 2-2 Offset ................4-2, 4-3 Voidless .................. 5-8 Depth Function .................. 3-8 Setting ..................3-8 Direct transmission Geometry ................2-3 Mode ..................2-2 Display languages................ 5-11 Dosimetry ................A-7, A-11 Drift test ..................5-5 Effect of top layer ................ 4-11 Electrical specifications..............B-5 Emergency response Information ................D-2...
  • Page 135 Index rod positions ................. 3-4 Inhibit, 15-second ................ 5-12 Keypad ................... 3-2 Language, display ................ 5-11 Leak testing................. C-15 Limits, stat test ................5-2 Log, standard count ...............E-1 Maintenance Gasket ................... C-14 Mechanical ................C-10 Sliding block ................ C-12 Source rod bearing ............... C-11 Supplies ................
  • Page 136 Mechanical Maintenance ................C-10 Specifications................B-6 Memory reset ................5-10 Mode ....................3-8 Backscatter ................2-2 Direct transmission ..............2-2 Selection.................. 3-8 Moisture In the gauge............C-3, C-4, C-14 Offset ................4-2, 4-4 Moisture measurement theory ............2-5 Offset ..................... 4-2 Density ................4-2, 4-3 Moisture ................
  • Page 137 Rad ....................A-3 Radiation Converting units ..............F-1 Profile, 3430 ..............A-8, A-9 Profile, 3430-M ............A-8, A-10 Safety..................A-5 Specifications ................. B-4 Statistics ................. A-4 Terminology ................A-3 Theory ................A-2, A-3 Types ..................A-5 Reading Asphalt .................. 3-17 Soils and base courses ............3-15 Recall .....................
  • Page 138 Size, gauge..................B-6 Sliding block maintenance ............C-12 Source quantity................B-4 Source rod Bearing maintenance.............C-11 Handle assembly ..............C-18 Positions .................. 3-4 Special calibration ................. 4-7 Entering B value ..............4-8 Gauge-calculated ..............4-9 Special functions ..............4-1, 5-1 Specific gravity................5-7 Specifications ................B-1 Electrical .................B-5 Measurement................B-2...
  • Page 139 Transportation regulations ............D-2 Trench offset ................4-2, 4-6 Troubleshooting ................C-2 Tungsten sliding block maintenance........... C-12 U, V, W Units ....................3-7 Converting................F-1 Unpacking and inspection .............. 1-6 Viewing data .................. 5-2 Voidless density ................5-8 Weight................... B-6 Model 3450 Index-7...
  • Page 140 NOTES Index-8...
  • Page 141 NOTES Model 3430 Warranty-1...
  • Page 142 , against defects in material and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from date of shipment. For gauges sold through authorized TROXLER representatives, the date of shipment will be as of the transfer from representative to purchaser. During the applicable warranty period, TROXLER’s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair at...

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