Performing Measurement Calibration; Using Flowgraphs To Identify Error Terms - Agilent Technologies PNA Series Service Manual

Error Terms

Performing Measurement Calibration

Performing Measurement Calibration
A calibration must be performed to allow the analyzer to calculate the error terms before
they can be used as a tool:
CAUTION Perform the following procedure only at a static-safe workstation, and wear a
grounded wrist strap.
This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge
can seriously damage your analyzer, resulting in costly repair.
To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the
recommendations outlined in
1-5, when performing the following calibration.
1. Connect a type-N cable to Port 2.
2. Perform a full 2-port calibration,
analyzer if necessary.

Using Flowgraphs to Identify Error Terms

Flowgraphs are a graphical representation of signal flow through the measurement path.
The flowgraphs in Figure A-1
measurement calibration.
Figure A-1 Flowgraph of One-Port Error Terms for Port 1
where:
E = Error term
Subscript:
D = Directivity
S = Source Match
R = Reflection Tracking
The error terms are the same for a one port measurement on Port 2 (S
A-4
"Electrostatic Discharge Protection" on page
FULL SOLT 2-Port
and Figure A-2 illustrate the error terms associated with
PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers
. Refer to embedded help in the
).
22
Service Guide E8361-90001
E8361A