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For safety using Thank you for purchasing our TRM-10C Hybrid Recorder. In order to this instrument to exhibit all of its functions effectively and correctly, read and understand this instruction manual thoroughly before using the instrument. The symbols below are used on this instrument for the cautioning information.
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CAUTION Input and Output Wiring Do not use empty terminals for other purposes such as relaying, etc. Do not touch the switches, etc. inside this instrument. Also, do not replace the Transportation main unit or PRINTed circuit boards. When this is neglected, we cannot guarantee functioning of the instrument.
2.Guide of Instruction manual The instruction manuals of this instrument are as the table below. Name Part No. Outline Explanation for installing, wiring, TRM-10C Hybrid Recorder standard operation. And setting (Multipoint type) instruction HXPRM10mnCT001E This or operation for using this...
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..............6 7. DEVICE SETTING..............40 1.1 Checking the Accessories ..............6 7.1 Setting the Setup Mode..............40 1.2 Checking the Type and Specifications...........7 7.1.1 Setting the Range..............43 1.3 Temporary Storage................8 (1)• @ Setting method ............... 43 (2) (Current/Voltage), (Thermocouple), 1.4 Indication Card.................8 (Resistance Temperature Detector)......
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8. COMMUNICATIONS............82 10. TROUBLESHOOTING .............94 8.1 General Description...............82 10.1 Troubleshooting ................94 8.1.1 General Description of Functions ..........82 10.1.1 Trouble Items ................ 94 8.1.2 Transmission Specifications...........82 10.1.2 When the Recorder Dose not Work at All......94 8.1.3 Data Construction..............82 10.1.3 When there is a Big Error ............
1.1 Checking the Accessories Upon delivery of this instrument, unpack and check its accessories and appearance. If there are any missing accessories or damages on the appearance, contact our dealer where you purchased the instrument, or our sales representative. Following accessories should be attached. ‡...
1.2 Checking the Type and Specifications A nameplate is affixed to the inside of the instrument. Remove the chart holder and make sure that the nameplate is affixed to the middle far side of the instrument. Make sure that this instrument meets your requested specification, seeing the following tables. Table 1.2 Type ‚...
1.3 Temporary Storage Store the instrument in the following environment. When incorporated in the equipment, store it in the following environment as well. CAUTION Storage in a poor environment may damage the appearance, functions, and service life of the instrument. Storage Environment •...
2.2 Display Screen and Operation Keys 2.2.1 Display Screen The following describes the display screen. Since the channel numbers and data are indicated by a 7- segment LED, alphabets are symbolized to represent them. For the LED display, see " Symbolized Alphabets for Display" at [Reference] below. Alarm Type Display Indicates an alarm type in red.
3.1 Outside Dimensions Drawing and Panel Cutting Dimensions Unit: mm <Front> <Rear> CH,NO. DATA (100) RUN MENUPRINT FEED Dimension• @ required when the door is fully opened (135• K ). (Wall on the left side). • i 56• j <Side> <Panel Cutting>...
3.2 Mounting to the Panel WARNING Do not install the instrument in a place exposed to a combustible, explosive, or corrosive gas (SO etc.). CAUTION Install the instrument in the following places • @ • E A place free from where humidity often changes. •...
• @ CAUTION ‡ @ As an electric wire for the power source, use a 600 V vinyl insulated wire (IEC 227-3) or its equivalent or above. ‡ A Attach a round press-fitting terminal with insulated sleeve (for M3.5) to the end of the electric wire. ‡...
4.2 Input Wiring CAUTION ‡ @ Precautions for the input electric wire l See that no noise is mixed in input wiring. For input wiring, it is recommended to use a shielding wire or twisted wire effective for noise. l In case of thermocouple input, connect a thermocouple wire directly or use a compensating lead wire.
4.2.1 Wiring Procedure CAUTION The transparent protective cover should surely remove the left and right (both sides) hooks simultaneously. If it removes by turns, there is a possibility that it may damage. 1) Put your fingers on the left and right (both sides) hooks of the transparent protective cover on the input terminal block.
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Input terminal block • { • | Shielded wire 3-core cord Ground (Identical wire diameter length) Resistance temperature detector Fig. 4.4 Input Wiring (For Resistance temperature detector) Input terminal block • { • | Shielded wire Shunt resistor Ground Connecting lead wire DC current input Fig.
4.3 DI/Alarm Output Wiring (Option) WARNING ‡ @ Be sure to wire after turning off the POWER. ‡ A When the power source has been connected to the Alarm output, turn off that power source. ‡ B When a hazardous voltage supplies to alarm terminal: ‚...
CAUTION The DI (Option) consists of a combination of 3 Digital inputs. The alarm output consists of 6-Relay output (Normally open). 4.3.2 Alarm Output Wiring Procedure Wire the Alarm output refer to Fig.4.8. 1A 1C 2A 2C 3A 3C 4A 4C 5A 5C 6A 6C + 6-Relay output Relay No.6...
4.4 Communication Wiring CAUTION Precautions for the communication wiring ‡ @ See that no noise is mixed in communication wiring. For communication wiring, it is recommended to use a shielding wire effective for noise. ‡ A When it is likely to be affected by induction noise, particularly when wiring near the • @ high-frequency power source, it is recommended to use a shielded twisted wire.
5.1 Setting the Chart Paper CAUTION It is recommended to use our original chart paper to ensure proper recording. If the chart paper holder is taken out with recording operation being activated, the ink ribbon may be damaged. To replace the chart paper, be sure to press the • g RUN• h key to stop recording. (1) Pressing the •...
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(3) Taking out the Chart Holder Put your fingers onto the levers at both sides of the chart holder and pull it out to this side. Lever Pull out the chart holder to this side. Fig. 5.3• @ Taking out the Chart Holder (4) Opening the Chart Cover and Chart Guide Open the chart guide and the chart cover outwardly.
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(5) Loosening the chart paper The chart paper may not be proper fed, if it is stuck at perforations. Be sure to loosen the paper. Fig. 5.5• @ Loosening the Chart Paper (6) Setting the Chart Paper into the Storage Chamber Unfold the chart paper by two plies.
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(7) Aligning the Chart Paper with the Sprocket Drum Align the holes in the chart paper with the sprocket drum teeth. Set the chart paper along the sprocket drum. Put the first ply of the chart paper into the chart receiver. Make the left and right holes parallel with each other.
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(9) Turning the Sprocket Drum Gear Check paper feed with your hand. Turn the sprocket drum gear to feed out the chart paper. (It is recommended to feed the chart paper by 4 plies.) Turn the gear at the left end of the sprocket drum in the arrow direction.
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(11) Close the Door Close the door and check a door lock. (12) Pressing the • g FEED• h key to Check Paper Feed Press the • g FEED• h key on the display keyboard to feed the chart paper. CH.No•...
5.2 Setting the Ribbon Cassette CAUTION If the chart holder is taken out with recording operation being activated, the ink ribbon may be damaged. To replace the ribbon cassette, be sure to press the • g RUN• h key to stop recording. If the ribbon cassette is not set properly, the recording color may change or the ribbon may be damaged.
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(4) Unslacking the Ink Ribbon Set the new ink ribbon. Turn the knob in the arrow direction to unslack the ink ribbon. Turn the knob in the arrow direction. Knob Slackness Fig. 5.13• @ Unslacking the Ink Ribbon (5) Setting the Ribbon Cassette Push the ribbon cassette into the ribbon holder until the latch clicks.
6.1 Operation WARNING Prior to turning on the power, make sure that the supply voltage meets the specifications for the instrument and the instrument is properly grounded. CAUTION Prior to turning on the power, make sure that the chart paper is set in the chart holder. If the printer is activated with no chart paper set, the sprocket drum (cylindrical part) of the chart holder may be damaged.
6.2 Recording CAUTION ‡ @ • @ The instrument checks zero point for every recording. If the printer block is manually moved during recording, a recording position may be dislocated. ‡ A • @ In order to protect the chart paper, dot printing is not performed when the distance between the previous dot printing position and the next one for an identical channel is less than 0.3 ‡...
6.3.3 Print Sample Alarm Print: Prints alarm occurrence/recovery, channel Logging on print example and Alarm on print example number, alarm type, and level. • £ denotes alarm occurrence (in red) and • ¥ denotes alarm recovery (in purple), respectively. • £ • @ 2 L2 19:37 Date/Time •...
6.4 Digital Print Print the digital print as follows: l Manual print l List print l Engineering list print [Reference] Printing is actuated in following priority. See following Priority Order. When multiple types of printing are activated simultaneously, higher-priority printing takes effect first according as following order. In alarm printing activation, lower category (Logging, DI Manual) also is activated.
(2) Manual print stopping procedure ‡ @ Press the • g PRINT• h key. ‡ A Use the • g PRINT• h key to display “” , and press the • g ENT• h key. ‡ B Use the • g PRINT• h key to select “” . Pressing the • g ENT• h key stops manual print. However, print operation continues until the line is completed.
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(2)• @ List print stopping procedure ‡ @ Press the • g PRINT• h key. ‡ A Use the • g PRINT• h key to display “”, and press the • g ENT• h key. ‡ B Use the • g PRINT• h key to select “” . Pressing the • g ENT• h key stops list print. However, print operation continues until the line is completed.
6.4.3 Engineering List Print Engineering list print provides the following setting data of the instrument on the chart paper. l Analog recording l Digital printing l Burnout/RJC etc. (1) Engineering list print operating procedure ‡ @ Press the • g MENU• h key. ‡...
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(2) Engineering list print stopping procedure ‡ @ Press the “MENU” key. , and press the “ENT” key. ‡ A Use the “PRINT” key to display “ • h . Pressing the “ENT” key stops engineering list print. ‡...
6.5 Changing the Display Display selection procedure ‡ @ Press the • g MENU• h key to display "", and press• @ the • g ENT• h key. ‡ A Use the • g PRINT• h key to select a required display screen from the menu below. Press the •...
7.1 Setting the Setup Mode Key Operation for Entering the Setup Mode Press the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more to enter the setup mode. At the time, displays the version of the software approximately 1 seconds as below. After, displays the setting screen of the range.
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l 7.1.3• @ Setting the Unit Setting Channel Char. No. Code No. • @ • i • K • j • @ • i • j ...
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Table 7.1 Initial setting value of the setup mode Setting items Initial set Remarks • } 10mV • š Range (all channels) Scaling 0• ` 100.0 (• Ž ) All levels are alarm OFF, • š Alarm (all channels) relay OFF •...
7.1.1 Setting the Range (1)• @ Setting method With a multirange system, setting the range for each channel is possible. Use the • ¢ key to shift the mode ‡ @ to ‡ I shown in the Table below. Set the range from the following input signals. (mode ‡ @ to ‡...
(2)• @ (Current/Voltage), (Thermocouple), (Resistance Temperature Detector) Measurs Current, Voltage, Thermocouple and RTD. Example) When setting Thermocouple T for Channel 1(T :-100 to 300 • Ž ) Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec ...
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[Note] In the , , or mode, press the • g ENT• h key to select the range. Use the • ¢ key, you can select the type out of the range. Mode Range • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • @ • g ENT•...
(3)• @ (Scaling) Changes the input of VOLT, TC and RTD into a quantity. Setting the unit is possible.(See 7.1.3 on page 56) Example) When setting the voltage of 0 to 40 mV and scale of 000.00 to 100.00 for Channel 1. Display Operation keys Description...
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Use the • ¢ key to select a numeral. FEED PRINT Use the key to shift a digit. (Zero-side scale value) (• – 1) Press the key again in the lowest digit(right end) FEED PRINT to blink a decimal point.
(4)• @ (Square Root) Caluclates the square root of Volt input, and scaling that value. Setting the unit is possible. (See 7.1.3 on page 56) Example) When setting the voltage of 0 to 40 mV and scale of 000.00 to 100.00 for Channel 1. Display Operation keys Description...
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About Square Root Computation The square root computation is as follows: Each item is defined as follows: SPAN : Span lower-limit value (Span L) SPAN : Span upper-limit value (Span R) SCAL : Scaling lower-limit value (Scale L) SCAL : Scaling upper-limit value (Scale R) : Input voltage : Output (Scaling value) When an input value is 1 % or more (1 to 100 %)
(5)• @ (Decade) Scaling the VOLT input and displays the index number. Setting the unit is possible. (See 7.1.3 on page 56) Example) When setting the voltage of 0 to 5 V and decade of 1.0• ~ 10 to 1.0• ~ 10 for Channel 1.
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About Decade Display Each item is defined as follows: SPAN : Span lower-limit value (Span L) SPAN : Span upper-limit value (Span R) SCAL : Scaling lower-limit value (Scale L) XXEYY SCAL : Scaling upper-limit value (Scale R) : Input voltage : Output (Scaling value) XX: Mantissa section (1.0 to 9.9) YY: Exponent section (-19 to 19)
(6)• @ (Difference)• C (Sum)• C (Average) Caluclates the input of VOLT, TC, RTD or SCALE, and output. Example) When subtracting the Ch 1 input data from the Ch 6 input data to set the difference (0 to 40 mV). Records and displays on Ch 6 “Ch 6 (input) - Ch 1(input)”. Display Operation keys Description...
(7)• @ (Skip) Setting SKIP on the Channel does not display and recording. Example) When skipping Channel 6. Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec MENU to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "".
7.1.2 Setting the Alarm Setting items Alarm setting to the following two types for each channel is possible. Alarm point can set up 4 levels for each channel. Once sets up the alarm point, illuminated “ALM” when a process variable reaches alarm point, and simultaneously, outputs the alarm print indicating an alarm occurrence to the chart paper.
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[Note] When the • g ENT• h key is pressed in setting the alarm point. Display will be switched to the next setting display Setting hereinafter is valid only for the model to which an alarm output relay option has been attached. If the option has not been set, press the “ENT”...
7.1.3 Setting the Unit Setting Items Set the unit for each channel. [Note] If you change the unit in the range of , or , setting the range to . Operation Setting Channel Char. No. Code No. ...
[Note] Print type Chart speed• i ‡ o /h• j Alarm occurrence print, Alarm recovery print, Affix print, Restriction of printing DI Comment print (Synchronous), DI Date and Time print 1• ` 100 by chart speed (Synchronous), DI Manual print (Synchronous) Logging print (Synchronous) 10•...
7.1.6 Copying the Setting Data Setting Items The following describes how to copy the setting data of any channel to other channel. The copy-to channel must be bigger than the copy-from channel. Operation Setting Copy-from Channel Copy-to Channel ...
7.1.7 Setting Other Functions Setting other functions as follows is possible. Setting Items (Printing cycle) ‡ @ • @ • @ Select a printing cycle from among 10, 20, 30, and 60 seconds. ‡ A (Zone recording) • @ • @ The data for each channel can be recorded separately in another area so that they will not overlap.
(1)• @ (Printing Cycle) Example) When setting the printing cycle to 60 seconds. Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec MENU to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "", and press the •...
(4)• @ (Digital Print) Example) When setting logging channel data print to "ON"(print enabled) for all the channels. Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec MENU to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "", and press the •...
(5)• @ (Tag) Example) When setting "ABCD" for Channel 1. Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec MENU to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "", and press the •...
(6)• @ (Comment Words) Example) When setting "ON" for Comment 1(). Display Operation keys Description Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more 3sec MENU to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to display "...
7.2 Setting the Engineering Mode Key Operation to Enter the Engineering Mode Hold down the • g MENU• h key for 3 seconds or more to enter the setup mode. Use the • ¢ key to select "", and press the • g ENT• h key then to display "0000". key to alter a numeral, and the ...
7.2.1 Alarm Hysteresis Setting 0.5 % hysteresis to the values at alarm activation and alarm recovery is possible. (Common to all the alarms) Example) When turning off alarm hysteresis. Display Operation keys Description Enter the engineering mode (See the key operation ...
7.2.4 Reference Junction Compensation The following describes how to set the method for compensating an electromotive force generated between a thermocouple wire or compensation lead wire and a terminal. There are the following three compensating methods: A method to compensate through the built-in temperature sensing element (INT: Internal compensation) l A method to compensate by keeping an external compensator’s temperature constant (EXT: External compensation)
Example) When Channel 1 input compensates Channel 6 reference junction. Display Operation keys Description Enter the engineering mode (See the key operation in page 67). Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "", and press the • g ENT• h key. ...
7.2.6 Settings Related to Recording Setting a recording start/stop trigger, select tag/channel print selection, alarm print, logging print, and scale print ON/OFF is possible. (1)• @ Recording start/stop trigger setting Set whether the trigger of recording start/stop should be by the • g RUN• h key or DI. Example) When setting DI as the recording start/stop trigger.
(3)• @ Alarm print ON/OFF Setting the alarm print ON/OFF. When ON1, prints the alarm occurring and the alarm recovering. When ON2, prints only the alarm occurring. Example) When sets both the alarm occurring and the alarm recovering. Display Operation keys Description Enter to the engineering mode (See the key ...
(5)• @ Scale print ON/OFF Set scale print to ON/OFF. Example) When setting scale prints to OFF. Display Operation keys Description Enter the engineering mode (See the key operation in page 67). Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT "", and press the •...
7.2.7 Setting the Communication Function Set Local Address, Baud Rate (communication speed), Data Length, Parity Bit, and Stop Bit. Example) Local Address: 02, Baud Rate: 1200bps, Data Length: 7 bit, Parity Bit: even, Stop Bit: 2 bit. Display Operation keys Description ...
7.2.9 DI Functions Allocate the functions to three DIs. There are the following 12 DI functions. : No function : (Positive edge: running start) Manual print (Sync.) : (Positive edge: running start) Manual Print (Async.) : (ON:RUN, OFF:STOP) RUN/STOP trigger function : ...
7.2.11 Point Calibration Calibrate a dot printing position. Calibration of the zero point position • F Calibration of the span point position • F [Note] and ” are setup item before shipment. Do not change the setup value. Point calibration “...
7.2.12 Data Calibration Calibrate the voltage, resistance temperature detector, and reference junction compensation. Calibration of the voltage • F Calibration of the resistance temperature detector • F Calibration of reference junction compensation • F Example) When calibrating the voltage at Channel 1. Display Operation keys Description...
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Example) When calibrating the resistance temperature detector at Channel 2. Display Operation keys Description Enter the engineering mode (See the key operation • @ in page 67). Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT " • @ ", and press the • g ENT• h key. Use the • ¢ key to select "", and press the •...
Example) When setting the terminal temperature for Channel 1. Display Operation keys Description Enter the engineering mode (See the key operation • @ in page 67). Use the • ¢ key to display PRINT " • @ ", and press the • g ENT• h key. Use the •...
General Description 8.1.1 General Description of Functions This Recorder has the following communication functions: ‡ @ Outputting the process variable Process variable, alarms status, etc. ‡ A Outputting the set value Reading the setup data such as a range, chart speed, etc. ‡...
(3) Error Detection If the recorder receives the data that has resulted in a signal error such as a parity error, framing error, etc. due to the noise or hardware troubles, it will ignore that data. Consequently, a data format error results, determining that the data is not sent in the normal data format.
Outputting the Process Variable Data 8.3.1 Specifying the Process Variable Data Output ‚ O • i ‚ b ‚ q • j • i ‚ k ‚ e • j • @ ‚ s ‚ r Once this command is received, the recorder transfers the process variable data to the transmit buffer, when the (ESC) T command is received.
8.3.5 Process Variable Data Transmission Format (ASCII) ‚ c ‚ ` ‚ s ‚ d • i ‚ x ‚ x • j • i ‚ l ‚ l • j • i ‚ c ‚ c • j • i ‚ b ‚ q • j • i ‚ k ‚ e • j • @ •...
8.3.6 Process Variable Data Transmission Format (BINARY) Output bytes Date and time Process variable 1 Process variable 6 Output bytes (2 bytes) :5• ~ n (specified number of channels+6) (1) Date and time (6 bytes): ‡ @ ‡ A ‡ B ‡...
Outputting the Unit and Decimal Point Position Data 8.4.1 Specifying the Unit and Decimal Point Position Data Output • @ ‚ s ‚ r ‚ Q • i ‚ b ‚ q • j • i ‚ k ‚ e • j •...
Outputting the Status If the open-link recorder has a data error on its link, it will save the error as a communication error in the internal status area.• @ The (ESC S) command reads this status. Issuing this command clears the on-going error.
Inspect the following maintenance items in order to use this instrument effectively. l Inspection l Cleaning l Replace Consumables l Adjust Dot Printing Position l Calibration Inspection Inspect the condition of operation to use effectively. When a defect is found, see Chapter 10 “Trouble Shooting”. •...
Replacing Consumables In order to use this instrument effectively, replace the consumable parts as shown the following table. Name Type Period Remarks Quantity Chart paper HZCGA0105EL001 33 days Chart speed is 20mm/h ‚ P Ribbon cassette WPSR188A000001A 3months Chart speed is 20mm/h ‚...
Digital Voltmeter • ü • | • ü • ü • { • { Precision Voltage TRM-10C Recorder (Current) Input Terminals Generator • ü • ü • | • | Conduct calibration according to the instructions in 7.2.12 Data Calibration (Calibration of the voltage).(See page 79)
10.1.3 When there is a Big Error Flow chart 2 Big error (Dot point error) Display or print ‚ m ‚ n value matching dot prints value? ‚ x ‚ d ‚ r ‚ m ‚ n Calibrate again Calibration (See 9.5 on Page 91) corrects? ‚...
10.1.5 When Records Nothing Flow chart 4 No recording at all ‚ x ‚ d ‚ r Error message Take remedy according to 10.2 displayed? on Page 98 ‚ m ‚ n ‚ m ‚ n RUN mode Select the RUN mode selected? (See 2.2.2 on Page 11) ‚...
10.1.7 When the Chart Paper is not fed at All Flow chart 6 No chart paper feed at all ‚ x ‚ d ‚ r Chart paper fed by FEED key? Alter chart paper feed ‚ m ‚ n start/stop setting. ‚...
10.2 Self Diagnostics Function (ERROR) This instrument always makes a self diagnostics on the items listed in Table 10.1 below. When an error is found in the self diagnostics results, a relevant error number is displayed. 10.2.1 Self Diagnostic Items Table 10.1 Status output list Error Type...
10.2.2 Error Display l When multiple errors are encountered, their error numbers are displayed with automatic scrolling. l When an error restores, an error display can be canceled to the input of the • g RUN• h key. • @ CAUTION While indicates an error, dose not indicate Auto, Manual and Date/Time.
11.1 Common Specifications 11.1.1 Input Signal DC voltage • F • } 10, 0 to 20, 0 to 50, ±200 mV DC, ±1, 0 to 5, ±10 V DC Thermocouple • F B, R, S, K, E, J, T, C, Au-Fe, N, PR40-20, PL‡ U , U, L (Thermocouples not to be connected to hazardous voltage or •...
11.1.3 Structure Mounting • F Panel mount(vertical panel) Allowable backward inclination : Within 30• K Material(Color) • F Case • G Polycarbonate(Black), Glass 10% UL94-V2 Door • G Polycarbonate UL94-V2(Clear) • G Dust-proof, drip-proof (Complies with the IEC529-IP65) not evaluated as • @ •...
11.2 Standard Setting Specifications 11.2.1 Measurement Range The arbitrary setup is possible by the operation key. A digital accuracy rating is as Table11.1 at Reference operating conditions. It is shown below. Reference operating conditions • F Temperature ; 23 ±2• Ž Humidity ;...
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Measurement Digital Analog Type RANGE Measurement range Max. Accuracy Accuracy resolution ±(0.15% of rdg + 0.8• Ž ) 0.0 to 1200.0• Ž • ¦ 0 to 100• Ž , ±3.7• Ž 100 to 300• Ž , ±1.5• Ž ±(0.15% of rdg + 1.44ß F) 32.0 to 2192.0ß...
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Measurement Digital Analog Type RANGE Measurement range Max. Accuracy Accuracy resolution ±(0.15% of rdg + 0.5• Ž ) • ¦ -200 to -100• Ž , -200.0 to 400.0• Ž ±(0.15% of rdg + 0.7• Ž ) ±(0.15% of rdg + 0.9ß F) •...
11.2.2 The Accuracy at the Computation (1) Scaling The accuracy rating at the scaling is as following formula. Scaling accuracy (digits) • • Range accuracy rating (digits) • ~ Scaling factor • { 2 digits Scaling span (digits) But, Scaling factor • • Measurement range span (digits) Example 1) When VOLT range is •...
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