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DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point. It is a 6-bit field defined in the header of IPv4 and
IPv6 IP packets for packet classification purposes.
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line: A technology that provides broadband connections over
standard phone lines.
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer: Using multiplexing techniques, a DSLAM
receives signals from customer DSL lines and places the signals on a high-speed backbone
line. DSLAMs are typically located at a telephone company's CO (Central Office).
Encapsulation: The inclusion of one data structure within another. For example, packets can
be encapsulated in an ATM frame during transfer.
FEC: Forward Error Correction: An error correction technique in which a data packet is
processed through an algorithm that adds extra error correcting bits to the packet. If the
transmitted message is received in error, these bits are used to correct the error bits without
retransmission.
Firewall: A firewall is a method of implementing common as well as user defined security
policies in an effort to keep intruders out. Firewalls work by analyzing and filtering out IP
packets that violate a set of rules defined by the firewall administrator. The firewall is located
at the point of entry for the network. All data inbound and outbound must pass through the
firewall for inspection.
Fragmentation: To break a packet up into smaller packets that is caused either by the
transmission medium being unable to support the original size of the packet or the receiving
computer not being able to receive a packet of that size. Fragmentation occurs when the
sender's MTU is larger than the receiver's MRU.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol. It is a standardized Internet protocol, which is the simplest way to
transfer files from one computer to another over the Internet. FTP uses the Internet's TCP/IP
protocols to function.
Full Duplex: Data can be transmitted and received on the same signal medium and at the
same time. Full Duplex lines are bidirectional.
G.dmt: Formally G.992.1, the G.dmt is a form of ADSL that uses Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)
technology. G.dmt incorporates a splitter in its design.
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