FLIR ThermaCAM P20 Operator's Manual
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FLIR ThermaCAM P20 Operator's Manual

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Publ. No.
1 557 536
a35
Revision
Language
English (EN)
Issue date
January 20, 2004
ThermaCAM™ P20
Operator's manual

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Summary of Contents for FLIR ThermaCAM P20

  • Page 1 ThermaCAM™ P20 Operator’s manual Publ. No. 1 557 536 Revision Language English (EN) Issue date January 20, 2004...
  • Page 3 ThermaCAM™ P20 Operator’s manual Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...
  • Page 4 The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems AB or this warranty will not apply. FLIR Systems AB will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems AB within the said one-year period.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of contents Warnings & cautions ..............................Welcome! ..................................About FLIR Systems ............................2.1.1 A few images from our facilities ..................... Comments & questions ..........................Packing list ..................................System overview ................................. Connecting system components ......................... Tutorials ................................... Switching on & switching off the camera ....................
  • Page 6 7.2.3.4 USB Driver Installation Procedure for Microsoft Windows 98 .... Operation ................................7.3.1 Transferring the images from the camera to the computer ........7.3.2 Transferring all images from the internal camera memory ......... 7.3.3 Transferring a selection of images or images from another folder ......7.3.4 Program options ..........................
  • Page 7 9.2.4.6 Hide graphics ......................9.2.5 Setup menu ........................... 9.2.5.1 Image ........................9.2.5.2 Save .......................... 9.2.5.3 Power ........................9.2.5.4 Status bar ........................ 9.2.5.5 Date/time ....................... 9.2.5.6 Local settings ......................9.2.5.7 Camera info ......................9.2.5.8 Factory default ..................... 10 Electrical power system ............................10.1 Internal battery charging ..........................
  • Page 8 16.5 Relative humidity ............................16.6 Other parameters ............................17 History of infrared technology ..........................18 Theory of thermography ............................18.1 Introduction ..............................18.2 The electromagnetic spectrum ........................18.3 Blackbody radiation ............................18.3.1 Planck’s law ............................ 18.3.2 Wien’s displacement law ......................18.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law ......................
  • Page 9 The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set, and a 10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR Systems’ ThermaCAM Model E2 from 2002 – weight: 0.7 kg (1.54 lb), including battery....................
  • Page 10 Figure 9.13 Explanations of the Isotherm shortcut menu ................. Figure 9.14 Isotherm dialog box .......................... Figure 9.15 Explanations of the Isotherm dialog box ................. Figure 9.16 Object Parameters dialog box ...................... Figure 9.17 Image menu ............................Figure 9.18 Range dialog box ..........................Figure 9.19 Symbols in the temperature scale, indicating (1) increasing span;...
  • Page 11 Figure 18.2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) ..................Figure 18.3 Max Planck (1858–1947) ........................Figure 18.4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck’s law, plotted for various absolute temperatures. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm × 10 (μm)); 2: Wavelength (μm) ..........................Figure 18.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) ......................
  • Page 12 Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 13: Warnings & Cautions

    Note that this sensitivity is also present when the camera is switched off and the lens cap is mounted on the lens. Each camera from FLIR Systems AB is calibrated prior to shipping. It is advisable ■ that the camera is sent in for calibration once a year.

  • Page 14: Welcome

    CompactFlash card. The images can be analyzed either in the field by using the real-time measurement markers built into the camera software, or in a PC by using FLIR Systems AB's software for infrared analysis and reporting. This makes it very easy to create complete survey reports (containing numerous infrared images, photos, tables etc.) from the inspections.

  • Page 15: Figure 2.1 Flir Systems, Boston, Usa, Flir Systems, Danderyd, Sweden, And Flir Systems, Portland, Usa

    Figure 2.1 FLIR Systems, Boston, USA, FLIR Systems, Danderyd, Sweden, and FLIR Systems, Portland, USA. As pioneers in the IR industry, FLIR Systems has a long list of ‘firsts’ in the world of infrared thermography: 1965: 1st thermal imaging system for predictive maintenance (Model 650).

  • Page 16: A Few Images From Our Facilities

    10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR Systems’ ThermaCAM Model E2 from 2002 – weight: 0.7 kg (1.54 lb), including battery.

  • Page 17: Comments & Questions

    Comments & questions FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development, and although we have tested and verified the information in this manual to the best of our ability, you may find that features and specifications have changed since the time of printing.
  • Page 18 2.2 – Comments & questions NOTE: Do not use this e-mail address for technical support questions. Technical support is handled by FLIR Systems local sales offices. Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 19: Packing List

    The packing list is, to some degree, subject to customer configuration and may contain more or ■ less items. FLIR Systems AB reserves the right to discontinue models, parts and accessories, and other items, ■ or change specifications at any time without prior notice.

  • Page 20: System Overview

    System overview 10397903;1 Figure 4.1 System overview Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 21: Connecting System Components

    Connecting system components 10438703;1 Figure 5.1 How to connect system components, 1: Rear connectors Figure 5.2 Explanations of callouts Callout Explanation Not available for this particular camera configuration. CompactFlash card Power supply cable CVBS cable (i.e. composite video) Remote control cable NOTE: Depending on your camera configuration, a remote control may be an extra option.

  • Page 22: Figure 5.3 How To Connect System Components, 1: Front Connectors

    10438803;1 Figure 5.3 How to connect system components, 1: Front connectors Figure 5.4 Explanations of callouts Callout Explanation RS-232 / USB cable Not available for this particular camera configuration. Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 23: Tutorials

    Tutorials Switching on & switching off the camera Step Action Insert a battery into the battery compartment. NOTE: For information about inserting a battery, see section 6.6.5 – Inserting & removing the battery on page 16. Briefly press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera. Press and hold down the green on/off button for a few seconds to switch off the camera.

  • Page 24: Freezing & Unfreezing An Image

    6.3 – Creating & changing an isotherm 6.2.3 Freezing & unfreezing an image Step Action Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus. Briefly press the A button to autoadjust the camera. Briefly press the S button to freeze the image. To unfreeze the image, press the S button once again.

  • Page 25: Changing Level & Span

    6.4 – Changing level & span Changing level & span 6.4.1 Changing the level Step Action Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar. If the camera is in continuous adjust mode, point to Manual adjust on the Image menu and press the joystick. Change the level by moving the joystick up/down.

  • Page 26: Changing The Temperature Unit

    6.5 – Changing system settings Step Action Move the joystick left/right to change the language. Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box. NOTE: Changing the language will make the camera restart the camera program. This will take a few seconds. 6.5.2 Changing the temperature unit Step...

  • Page 27: Changing Date & Time

    6.6 – Working with the camera 6.5.5 Changing date & time Step Action Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar. Point to Date/time on the Setup menu and press the joystick. Move the joystick up/down to select year, month, day, minute and second. Move the joystick left/right to change each parameter.

  • Page 28: Focusing The Camera Using Autofocus

    6.6 – Working with the camera 6.6.2 Focusing the camera using autofocus Step Action Press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera. Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus. An indi- cator will be displayed on the left side of the screen when focusing.

  • Page 29: Removing The Battery

    6.6 – Working with the camera Step Action Open the lid of the battery compartment by pressing its locking mechanism. Push the battery into the battery compartment until the battery release spring locks. Close the lid of the battery compartment. 6.6.5.2 Removing the battery 10398603;2...

  • Page 30: Installation & Operation Of Thermacam Connect

    Installation & operation of ThermaCAM Connect 3 Introduction FLIR Systems AB’s software ThermaCAM Connect 3 lets you download images from your infrared camera to your desktop or laptop computer. Installation NOTE: This installation tutorial applies to ThermaCAM Connect 3 only.

  • Page 31: Installing Thermacam Connect 3

    7.2 – Installation 7.2.2 Installing ThermaCAM Connect 3 Step Action Make sure the IR camera is switched off and the cable between the IR camera and the computer is not connected. Insert the ThermaCAM Connect 3 installation CD into the CD-ROM drive. Select the preferred language and follow the on screen instructions.

  • Page 32: Usb Driver Installation Procedure For Microsoft Windows 2000

    Click Next. The next wizard window is displayed: This wizard will complete the installation for this device: FLIR USB Network Adapter. The wizard asks: What do you want the wizard to do? Select Search for a suitable driver for my device.

  • Page 33: Usb Driver Installation Procedure For Microsoft Windows Me

    USB Driver Installation Procedure for Microsoft Windows ME Step Action When the system has detected the ThermaCAM, the Windows has found the following new hardware: FLIR ThermaCAM. What would you like to do? window appears. Select Specify the location of the driver. Click Next.

  • Page 34: Usb Driver Installation Procedure For Microsoft Windows 98

    Step Action When the system has detected the ThermaCAM, the This wizard searches for new drivers for: FLIR USB Network Adapter window appears. Click Next. The wizard asks: What do you want Windows to do? Select Search for the best driver for your device.

  • Page 35: Transferring All Images From The Internal Camera Memory

    7.3 – Operation 10434603;1 Figure 7.1 Image transfer application The ThermaCAM Connect 3 transfer application makes it possible to transfer all images from the camera by clicking on the Transfer button. Below is a more de- tailed description of the different controls. Callout Explanation Where the images are copied from in the camera.

  • Page 36: Figure 7.2 Image Transfer

    7.3 – Operation If you want to transfer all images, the only thing you have to do is to click the ■ Transfer button and the transfer of images from the infrared camera will begin. If you want to change folder on your computer to which the images are copied, ■...

  • Page 37: Transferring A Selection Of Images Or Images From Another Folder

    7.3 – Operation 7.3.3 Transferring a selection of images or images from another folder If you want to transfer only a selection of images or images from another folder, you can click Browse and select images. 10434803;1 Figure 7.3 Browse for images Callout Explanation Folders in the camera memory.

  • Page 38: Program Options

    7.3 – Operation Pressing SHIFT and clicking the mouse, or pressing SHIFT and one of the arrow ■ keys, extends the selection from the previously selected item to the current item. Pressing CTRL and clicking the mouse selects or deselects an item. ■...

  • Page 39: Auto Detect

    7.3 – Operation If you are using serial communication (RS-232) click the RS-232 button in order to expand the Options dialog box and set options for serial communication (RS-232). 10435003;1 Figure 7.5 RS-232 options Callout Explanation Select Auto if you want the program to automatically search COM port 1 to 9 for an infrared camera.

  • Page 40: How To Disconnect

    7.3 – Operation When a connection is in the process of being established between the camera and the computer, a notification window pops up. A few seconds after the connection has been established, a new notification window pops up. 7.3.5.2 How to disconnect When the camera is disconnected from the computer, a notification window pops up.

  • Page 41: Support

    Callout Explanation Click here to bring up the ThermaCAM Connect 3 Transfer application Support 7.4.1 Information You can access up-to-date FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and software updates at FLIR website: http://www.flirthermography.com 7.4.2 Troubleshooting 7.4.2.1 General Before you start troubleshooting: Make sure you have the latest drivers, download them from the website.

  • Page 42: Problems When Trying To Communicate With The Camera

    7.4 – Support Step Action Restart the camera. Restart the PC Connect the camera to the PC by plugging in the cable If the problem persists, check if any of the procedures below or at the website resolves your problem. 7.4.2.2 Problems when trying to communicate with the camera If ThermaCAM Connect 3 is not successfully communicating with the camera using...

  • Page 43: Problems When Connecting The Ir Camera Using Serial Communication

    7.4 – Support 7.4.2.3.2 Giving a user rights to load/unload device drivers You need to be logged in as administrator (or as user with administrator rights) Step Action Open the Control Panel by selecting Start Menu → Settings → Control Panel. Double-click Administrative Tools.

  • Page 44: Camera Overview

    Camera overview Camera parts 10394703;4 Figure 8.1 Camera parts, 1 Callout Description of part +/– buttons SEE ALSO: For more information about the functionality of this button, see section 8.2 – Keypad buttons & functions on page 36. F1 button SEE ALSO: For more information about the functionality of this button, see section 8.2 –...

  • Page 45: Figure 8.2 Camera Parts

    8.1 – Camera parts Callout Description of part F2 button SEE ALSO: For more information about the functionality of this button, see section 8.2 – Keypad buttons & functions on page 36. Camera status LCD SEE ALSO: For more information about the LCD, see section 8.4 – Camera status LCD on page 37.
  • Page 46 8.1 – Camera parts Callout Description of part C button SEE ALSO: For more information about the C button, see section 8.2 – Keypad buttons & functions on page 36. Lid of the battery compartment S button SEE ALSO: For more information about the S button, see section 8.2 – Keypad buttons &...

  • Page 47: Figure 8.3 Camera Parts

    8.1 – Camera parts 10394903;4 Figure 8.3 Camera parts, 3 Callout Description of part Cover for additional connectors Joystick SEE ALSO: For more information about the joystick, see section 8.2 – Keypad buttons & functions on page 36. ON/OFF button (green) SEE ALSO: For more information about the ON/OFF button, see section 8.2 –...

  • Page 48: Keypad Buttons & Functions

    8.2 – Keypad buttons & functions Keypad buttons & functions Figure 8.4 Camera buttons – explanations Button Comments Press briefly to switch on the camera ON/OFF ■ Press and hold down for a few seconds to switch off the cam- ■...

  • Page 49: Camera Status Lcd

    8.4 – Camera status LCD Camera status LCD The camera status LCD on the left side of the camera displays information about battery status, communication status, memory status etc. 10346003;2 Figure 8.5 Camera status LCD Figure 8.6 Camera status LCD – explanations Callout Comments Battery status bar.
  • Page 50 8.4 – Camera status LCD Callout Comments External power indicator. Switched on when the camera is externally powered. Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 51: Camera Program

    Camera program Screen objects 9.1.1 Result table The results of measurement markers are displayed in a result table in the top right- hand corner of the screen. Figure 9.1 Explanation of measurement markers appearing in the result table Icon Explanation Spot 9.1.2 Status bar...

  • Page 52: System Messages

    9.2 – Menu system The temperature scale is displayed on the right-hand side of the screen. The scale shows how the colors are distributed along the various temperatures in the image, with high temperatures at the upper end and low temperatures at the lower end. 9.1.4 System messages 9.1.4.1...

  • Page 53: File Menu

    9.2 – Menu system Move the joystick right/left to move right/left in menus and submenus, and to ■ change values in dialog boxes 9.2.2 File menu 10389303;2 Figure 9.6 File menu 9.2.2.1 Open 10389403;3 Figure 9.7 Open dialog box Point to Open and press the joystick to open or recall previously saved images from the disk.

  • Page 54: Delete Image

    9.2 – Menu system Point to Directories and press the joystick to create new or delete old directories: To create a new directory, press the S button to select New and then press the ■ joystick To delete a directory, select a directory, press the S button to select Delete, and ■...

  • Page 55: Figure 9.11 Temperature Scale Showing An Isotherm Set To Above +62 °C

    9.2 – Menu system 10390903;2 Figure 9.11 Temperature scale showing an isotherm set to above +62 °C Point to Add isotherm and press the joystick to add an isotherm. An isotherm has now be added to your image. Press and hold down the joystick for one second when the isotherm (in the temperature scale) is selected to display a shortcut menu.

  • Page 56: Figure 9.14 Isotherm Dialog Box

    9.2 – Menu system Command Explanation Interval All pixels with a temperature within the set interval will be colored with the same preset isotherm color. Settings See below Point to Settings and press the joystick to display an Isotherm settings dialog box where you can change the settings for the isotherm.

  • Page 57: Remove All

    9.2 – Menu system 9.2.3.3 Remove all Point to Remove all and press the joystick to remove all measurement functions and markers from the screen. 9.2.3.4 Obj par 10439303;1 Figure 9.16 Object Parameters dialog box You use this command to set the object parameters Emissivity, Distance, T Re- flected, T Atmosphere, Rel humidity, External optics, Optics transmission, and Optics temperature.

  • Page 58: Image Menu

    9.2 – Menu system 9.2.4 Image menu 10391703;2 Figure 9.17 Image menu 9.2.4.1 Freeze/Live Point to Freeze/Live and press the joystick to switch between freeze image mode and live image mode. It has the same effect as briefly pressing the S button. 9.2.4.2 Range 10391903;3...

  • Page 59: Manual Adjust / Continuous Adjust

    9.2 – Menu system SEE ALSO: For more information about object parameters, see section 16 – Thermographic measurement techniques on page 80. 9.2.4.4 Manual adjust / Continuous adjust Point to Manual adjust and press the joystick to put the camera in manual adjust ■...

  • Page 60: Setup Menu

    9.2 – Menu system 9.2.5 Setup menu 10439603;1 Figure 9.22 Setup menu 9.2.5.1 Image 10392303;4 Figure 9.23 Image Setup dialog box Figure 9.24 Explanations of the Image Setup dialog box Label Value Comments Adjust method Level Move the joystick left/right to ■...

  • Page 61: Save

    9.2 – Menu system Label Value Comments Saturation colors Move the joystick left/right to ■ enable or disable the satura- ■ tion colors. If On is selected the areas that contain temperatures outside the present level/span settings are colored with the saturation colors.

  • Page 62: Figure 9.27 Naming Based On Unique Counter - Explanations

    9.2 – Menu system Label Value Comments If On is selected, all on- Overlay ■ ■ screen graphics will be ■ saved together with the im- If Off is selected, only the ■ image (together with any temperature information) will be saved NOTE: The difference between images saved with or without on-screen graphics will only be...

  • Page 63: Power

    9.2 – Menu system DIRE The first four letters in the directory name Counter within directory Example IR_ COMP_003.jpg 9.2.5.3 Power 10392703;2 Figure 9.30 Power Setup dialog box Figure 9.31 Explanations of the Power Setup dialog box Label Value Comments None Auto power off Move the joystick left/right to...

  • Page 64: Status Bar

    9.2 – Menu system 9.2.5.4 Status bar 10392903;2 Figure 9.32 Status bar dialog box Figure 9.33 Explanations of the Status bar dialog box Label Value Comments Date/time Move the joystick left/right to ■ enable/disable this label on the ■ status bar. Distance Move the joystick left/right to ■...

  • Page 65: Date/Time

    9.2 – Menu system Label Value Comments Move the joystick left/right to Zoom ■ enable/disable this label on the ■ status bar. 9.2.5.5 Date/time 10393803;2 Figure 9.34 Date/Time dialog box Figure 9.35 Explanations of the Date/Time dialog box Label Value Year 1970–2036 Month...

  • Page 66: Camera Info

    9.2 – Menu system Figure 9.37 Explanations of the Local settings dialog box Label Value Language Configuration-dependent NOTE: The camera program will be restarted when you change the language. This will take a few seconds. NTSC Video output ■ ■ Temp unit °C ■...

  • Page 67: Electrical Power System

    Electrical power system The camera’s electrical power system consists of the following parts: a removable battery ■ a power supply ■ an internal battery charger ■ a stand-alone, external battery charger ■ The camera may powered either by using the battery, or by using the power supply.

  • Page 68: External Battery Charging

    10.2 – External battery charging 10.2 External battery charging 10345803;3 Figure 10.1 Stand-alone battery charger The battery status while charging is indicated by a number of LEDs. See the figure below. 10346203;4 Figure 10.2 LED indicators on the stand-alone battery charger. Figure 10.3 LED indicators –...

  • Page 69: Battery Safety Warnings

    10.3 – Battery safety warnings Situation Indicator # Color & mode The battery is out of order Flashing red light The battery is now being 5 to 2 Pulsing green light from LED 5 charged to LED 2 Each LED represents 25 % bat- tery capacity and will be switched on accordingly.
  • Page 70 10.3 – Battery safety warnings Do not continue charging the battery if it does not recharge within the specified ■ charging time. Doing so may cause the battery to become hot, explode, or ignite. The temperature range over which the battery can be charged is 0–+45 °C ■...

  • Page 71: Note On Lemo Connectors

    A note on LEMO connectors 11.1 How to connect & disconnect LEMO connectors The male LEMO connectors used on the camera cables are designed to lock se- curely to the female connectors on the camera body. A connector consists of a fixed inner tube and a sliding outer tube.

  • Page 72: Figure 11.2 Unlocking A Lemo Connector

    11.1 – How to connect & disconnect LEMO connectors 10403003;1 Figure 11.2 Unlocking a LEMO connector Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 73: Maintenance & Cleaning

    Maintenance & cleaning 12.1 Camera body, cables & accessories The camera body, cables and accessories may be cleaned by wiping with a soft cloth. To remove stains, wipe with a soft cloth moistened with a mild detergent solution and wrung dry, then wipe with a dry soft cloth. NOTE: Do not use benzene, thinner, or any other chemical product on the camera, the cables or the accessories, as this may cause deterioration.

  • Page 74: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting NOTE: For information about troubleshooting ThermaCAM Connect 3 installations, see section 7.4.2 – Troubleshooting on page 29. Problem Possible reason Solution The LCD on the remote The camera may have been switched off Press ON/OFF to switch on control, or the viewfinder, automatically due the settings in the the camera.
  • Page 75 Problem Possible reason Solution The LCD/viewfinder dis- The level needs to be changed. Change the level. plays an image, but it is of The span needs to be changed Change the span. poor quality. The camera needs to be autoadjusted. Autoadjust the camera.
  • Page 76 Problem Possible reason Solution It is not possible to store The internal flash memory may be full. To be able to save more any more images in the images, download the camera. images to your computer using ThermaCAM Con- nect 3. The CompactFlash card may be full.

  • Page 77: Technical Specifications & Dimensional Drawings

    Technical specifications & dimensional drawings NOTE: FLIR Systems AB reserves the right to discontinue models, parts and accessories, and other items, or change specifications at any time without prior notice. 14.1 Imaging performance Field of view/min. focus distance 24° × 18°/0.3 m (0.98 ft) Spatial resolution 1.3 mrad...

  • Page 78: Temperature Ranges

    14.4 – Temperature ranges 14.4 Temperature ranges Temperature range, standard -40–+120 °C (-40–+248 °F) -10–+55 °C (+14–+131 °F) 0–+500 °C (+32–+932 °F) NOTE: Depending on your camera configuration, one of these ranges may be disabled. Temperature range, optional Up to +1000 °C (+1832 °F) Accuracy ±...

  • Page 79: Physical Specifications

    14.7 – Physical specifications Storage temperature range -40–+70 °C (-40–+158 °F) Humidity Operating & storage:10–95 %, non-condensing, Encapsulation IP 54 (IEC 529) Shock 25 g, IEC 68-2-29 Vibration 2 g, IEC 68-2-6 14.7 Physical specifications Weight 1.4 kg (3.08 lb) incl. battery Size (L ×...

  • Page 80: Power Connector

    14.9 – Pin configurations Connector type: LEMO 1B, 6 pins Signal name Type Pin number USB_D+ USB_D- USB_POWER RS232_TX1 RS232_RX1 14.9.2 Power connector 10402503;1 Figure 14.2 Pin configuration for power connector (on camera – operator’s side). A: Center pin; B: Chassis Connector type: 2.5 mm DC...

  • Page 81: Relationship Between Fields Of View And Distance

    14.10 – Relationship between fields of view and distance Connector type: RCA/PHONO Signal name Type Pin number CVBS VIDEO CENTER PIN POWER CHASSIS 14.10 Relationship between fields of view and distance 10401903;1 Figure 14.4 Relationship between fields of view and distance. 1: Distance to target; 2: VFOV = vertical field of view;...
  • Page 82 14.10 – Relationship between fields of view and distance D → 1.20 5.00 10.00 25.00 50.00 100.00 D → 3.90 16.40 32.80 82.00 164.00 327.90 12° IFOV 0.79 3.28 6.57 16.42 32.85 65.69 12° IFOV 0.03 0.13 0.26 0.65 1.29 2.59 24°...

  • Page 83: Figure 14.6 F-Number And Close Focus Limits For Various Lenses

    14.10 – Relationship between fields of view and distance D → 1.20 5.00 10.00 25.00 50.00 100.00 D → 3.90 16.40 32.80 82.00 164.00 327.90 80° IFOV 0.25 1.03 2.06 5.16 10.31 20.65 Figure 14.6 F-number and close focus limits for various lenses Lens →...

  • Page 84: Basic Dimensions - Battery Charger

    14.11 – Basic dimensions – battery charger 14.11 Basic dimensions – battery charger 10388003;3 Figure 14.7 Overall dimensions of the battery charger Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 85: Basic Dimensions - Battery

    14.12 – Basic dimensions – battery 14.12 Basic dimensions – battery 10388103;3 Figure 14.8 Overall dimensions of the battery Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 86: Basic Dimensions - Camera (1)

    14.13 – Basic dimensions – camera (1) 14.13 Basic dimensions – camera (1) 10388203;4 Figure 14.9 Overall dimensions of the camera Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 87: Basic Dimensions - Camera (2)

    14.14 – Basic dimensions – camera (2) 14.14 Basic dimensions – camera (2) 10352203;3 Figure 14.10 Location of the standard tripod mount (1/4"-20) on the bottom side of the camera Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...

  • Page 88: Glossary

    Glossary Figure 15.1 Glossary of common infrared terms & expressions Term or expression Explanation absorption (absorption factor) The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the received radiation. A number between 0 and 1. ambient Objects and gases that emit radiation towards the object being measured.
  • Page 89 Term or expression Explanation emittance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time and area (W/m estimated atmospheric transmis- A transmission value, supplied by a user, replacing a calculat- sion ed one external optics Extra lenses, filters, heat shields etc. that can be put between the camera and the object being measured.
  • Page 90 Term or expression Explanation NETD Noise equivalent temperature difference. A measure of the image noise level of an IR camera. noise Undesired small disturbance in the infrared image object parameters A set of values describing the circumstances under which the measurement of an object was made, and the object itself (such as emissivity, ambient temperature, distance etc.) object signal A non-calibrated value related to the amount of radiation...
  • Page 91 Term or expression Explanation span The interval of the temperature scale, usually expressed as a signal value. spectral (radiant) emittance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and wavelength (W/m /μm) temperature range The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR camera.

  • Page 92: Thermographic Measurement Techniques

    Thermographic measurement techniques 16.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the temperature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity.

  • Page 93: Finding The Emissivity Of An Object

    50 %. 16.6 Other parameters In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems AB allow you to compensate for the following parameters: Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004...
  • Page 94 16.6 – Other parameters Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between ■ the camera and the target External optics temperature – i.e. the temperature of any external lenses or ■ windows used in front of the camera External optics transmission –...

  • Page 95: History Of Infrared Technology

    History of infrared technology Less than 200 years ago the existence of the infrared portion of the electromag- netic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.

  • Page 96: Figure 17.2 Marsilio Landriani

    however, who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum, and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point. 10398903;1 Figure 17.2 Marsilio Landriani (1746–1815) Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum, Herschel confirmed that the heating continued to increase.

  • Page 97: Figure 17.3 Macedonio Melloni

    10399103;1 Figure 17.3 Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854) Thermometers, as radiation detectors, remained unchallenged until 1829, the year Nobili invented the thermocouple. (Herschel’s own thermometer could be read to 0.2 °C (0.036 °F), and later models were able to be read to 0.05 °C (0.09 °F)). Then a breakthrough occurred;...
  • Page 98 Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded. This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters. An English scientist, Sir James Dewar, first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cooling agents (such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of -196 °C (-320.8 °F)) in low temperature research.

  • Page 99: Theory Of Thermography

    Theory of thermography 18.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use a infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given. 18.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.

  • Page 100: Blackbody Radiation

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation (0.75–3 μm), the middle infrared (3–6 μm), the far infrared (6–15 μm) and the extreme infrared (15–100 μm). Although the wavelengths are given in μm (micrometers), other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region, e.g. nanometer (nm) and Ångström (Å).

  • Page 101: Planck's Law

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation brating thermographic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems AB camera for example. If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 °C (977 °F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black. This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator, which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further.

  • Page 102: Wien's Displacement Law

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation Wavelength (μm). λ NOTE: The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m m. If the factor is excluded, the dimension will be Watt/m μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves.

  • Page 103: Figure 18.5 Wilhelm Wien

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation of-thumb 3 000/T μm. Thus, a very hot star such as Sirius (11 000 K), emitting bluish-white light, radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum, at wavelength 0.27 μm. 10399403;1 Figure 18.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx.

  • Page 104: Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation 10327203;3 Figure 18.6 Planckian curves plotted on semi-log scales from 100 K to 1000 K. The dotted line repre- sents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien's displacement law. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm (μm));...

  • Page 105: Non-Blackbody Emitters

    18.3 – Blackbody radiation 10399303;1 Figure 18.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m , we obtain 1 kW.
  • Page 106 18.3 – Blackbody radiation For opaque materials τ = 0 and the relation simplifies to: λ Another factor, called the emissivity, is required to describe the fraction ε of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature. Thus, we have the definition: The spectral emissivity ε...

  • Page 107: Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials

    18.4 – Infrared semi-transparent materials 10401203;1 Figure 18.8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral radiant emittance; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody; 4: Selective radiator; 5: Graybody. 10327303;3 Figure 18.9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral emissivity; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody;...
  • Page 108 18.4 – Infrared semi-transparent materials become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought. When the resulting geometrical series is summed, the effec- tive emissivity of a semi-transparent plate is obtained as: When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula: This last relation is a particularly convenient one, because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly.

  • Page 109: The Measurement Formula

    The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path. To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself.
  • Page 110 or, with simplified notation: where C is a constant. Should the source be a graybody with emittance ε, the received radiation would consequently be εW source We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms: 1 – Emission from the object = ετW , where ε...

  • Page 111: Figure 19.2 Voltages

    This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems AB thermo- graphic equipment. The voltages of the formula are: Figure 19.2 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature i.e. a voltage that can be directly converted into true request- ed object temperature.
  • Page 112 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, provided the calibration algorithm is based on ra- diation physics, like the FLIR Systems AB algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.

  • Page 113: Figure 19.3 Relative Magnitudes Of Radiation Sources Under Varying Measurement Conditions (Sw Camera). 1: Object Temperature; 2: Emittance; Red: Object Radiation; Blue

    10400603;1 Figure 19.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (SW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; RED: Object radiation; BLUE: Reflected radiation; GREEN: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20 °C (+68 °F); T = 20 °C (+68 °F).

  • Page 114: Emissivity Tables

    Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and FLIR Systems AB’s own measurements. 20.1 References Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
  • Page 115 20.2 – Tables Aluminum anodized, light 0.97 gray, dull Aluminum anodized, light 0.61 gray, dull Aluminum anodized sheet 0.55 Aluminum as received, plate 0.09 Aluminum as received, sheet 0.09 Aluminum cast, blast 0.46 cleaned Aluminum cast, blast 0.47 cleaned Aluminum dipped in HNO 0.05 plate...
  • Page 116 20.2 – Tables Aluminum weathered, heavi- 0.83–0.94 Aluminum 0.60 bronze Aluminum hy- powder 0.28 droxide Aluminum oxide activated, pow- 0.46 Aluminum oxide pure, powder 0.16 (alumina) Asbestos board 0.96 Asbestos fabric 0.78 Asbestos floor tile 0.94 Asbestos paper 40–400 0.93–0.95 Asbestos powder 0.40–0.60...
  • Page 117 20.2 – Tables Brick alumina 0.68 Brick common 0.86–0.81 Brick Dinas silica, 1100 0.85 glazed, rough Brick Dinas silica, refrac- 1000 0.66 tory Brick Dinas silica, 1000 0.80 unglazed, rough Brick firebrick 0.68 Brick fireclay 0.85 Brick fireclay 1000 0.75 Brick fireclay 1200...
  • Page 118 20.2 – Tables Bronze phosphor bronze 0.08 Bronze polished Bronze porous, rough 50–150 0.55 Bronze powder 0.76–0.80 Carbon candle soot 0.95 Carbon charcoal powder 0.96 Carbon graphite, filed 0.98 surface Carbon graphite powder 0.97 Carbon lampblack 20–400 0.95–0.97 Chipboard untreated 0.90 Chromium polished...
  • Page 119 20.2 – Tables Copper oxidized, heavily 0.78 Copper oxidized to black- 0.88 ness Copper polished 50–100 0.02 Copper polished 0.03 Copper polished, com- 0.03 mercial Copper polished, mechan- 0.015 ical Copper pure, carefully 0.008 prepared surface Copper scraped 0.07 Copper dioxide powder 0.84 Copper oxide...
  • Page 120 20.2 – Tables Granite polished 0.849 Granite rough 0.879 Granite rough, 4 different 0.77–0.87 samples Granite rough, 4 different 0.95–0.97 samples Gypsum 0.8–0.9 Ice: See Water Iron, cast casting 0.81 Iron, cast ingots 1000 0.95 Iron, cast liquid 1300 0.28 Iron, cast machined 800–1000...
  • Page 121 20.2 – Tables Iron and steel electrolytic 0.07 Iron and steel electrolytic, care- 175–225 0.05–0.06 fully polished Iron and steel freshly worked 0.24 with emery Iron and steel ground sheet 950–1100 0.55–0.61 Iron and steel heavily rusted 0.69 sheet Iron and steel hot rolled 0.77 Iron and steel...
  • Page 122 20.2 – Tables Iron and steel shiny, etched 0.16 Iron and steel shiny oxide layer, 0.82 sheet, Iron and steel wrought, careful- 40–250 0.28 ly polished Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 0.85 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 0.64 Iron galvanized sheet 0.07 Iron galvanized sheet, burnished 0.23...
  • Page 123 20.2 – Tables Lead unoxidized, pol- 0.05 ished Lead red 0.93 Lead red, pow- 0.93 Leather tanned 0.75–0.80 Lime 0.3–0.4 Magnesium 0.07 Magnesium 0.13 Magnesium 0.18 Magnesium polished 0.07 Magnesium 0.86 powder Molybdenum 600–1000 0.08–0.13 Molybdenum 1500–2200 0.19–0.26 Molybdenum filament 700–2500 0.1–0.3 Mortar...
  • Page 124 20.2 – Tables Nickel electrolytic 0.06 Nickel electrolytic 0.07 Nickel electrolytic 0.10 Nickel electroplated, 0.05 polished Nickel electroplated on 0.045 iron, polished Nickel electroplated on 0.11–0.40 iron, unpolished Nickel electroplated on 0.11 iron, unpolished Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 1227...
  • Page 125 20.2 – Tables Paint Aluminum, vari- 50–100 0.27–0.67 ous ages Paint cadmium yellow 0.28–0.33 Paint chrome green 0.65–0.70 Paint cobalt blue 0.7–0.8 Paint 0.87 Paint oil, black flat 0.94 Paint oil, black gloss 0.92 Paint oil, gray flat 0.97 Paint oil, gray gloss 0.96 Paint...
  • Page 126 20.2 – Tables Paper white, 3 different 0.88–0.90 glosses Paper white, 3 different 0.76–0.78 glosses Paper white bond 0.93 Paper yellow 0.72 Plaster 0.86 Plaster plasterboard, un- 0.90 treated Plaster rough coat 0.91 Plastic glass fibre lami- 0.91 nate (printed circ. board) Plastic glass fibre lami-...
  • Page 127 20.2 – Tables Platinum pure, polished 200–600 0.05–0.10 Platinum ribbon 900–1100 0.12–0.17 Platinum wire 50–200 0.06–0.07 Platinum wire 500–1000 0.10–0.16 Platinum wire 1400 0.18 Porcelain glazed 0.92 Porcelain white, shiny 0.70–0.75 Rubber hard 0.95 Rubber soft, gray, rough 0.95 Sand 0.60 Sand 0.90...
  • Page 128 20.2 – Tables Stainless steel sandblasted 0.70 Stainless steel sheet, polished 0.14 Stainless steel sheet, polished 0.18 Stainless steel sheet, untreated, 0.28 somewhat scratched Stainless steel sheet, untreated, 0.30 somewhat scratched Stainless steel type 18-8, buffed 0.16 Stainless steel type 18-8, oxi- 0.85 dized at 800 °C Stucco...
  • Page 129 20.2 – Tables Tungsten 1500–2200 0.24–0.31 Tungsten filament 3300 0.39 Varnish flat 0.93 Varnish on oak parquet 0.90–0.93 floor Varnish on oak parquet 0.90 floor Wallpaper slight pattern, 0.85 light gray Wallpaper slight pattern, 0.90 Water distilled 0.96 Water frost crystals –10 0.98 Water...
  • Page 130 20.2 – Tables Wood planed oak 0.88 Wood planed oak 0.77 Wood plywood, 0.82 smooth, dry Wood plywood, untreat- 0.83 Wood white, damp 0.7–0.8 Zinc oxidized at 0.11 400 °C Zinc oxidized surface 1000–1200 0.50–0.60 Zinc polished 200–300 0.04–0.05 Zinc sheet 0.20 Publ.

  • Page 131: Index

    1 909 775, 7 battery status bar, 37 1 909 820, 7 battery system, 55 117 132, 7 blackbody construction, 88 explanation, 88 about FLIR Systems, 2 practical application, 88 A button buttons function, 36 function location, 34 +/– button, 36...
  • Page 132 Index – C dialog box, 54 charging, battery camera overview, 32 externally, 56 camera parts internally, 55 +/– button, 32 cleaning camera status LCD, 33 accessories, 61 connectors cables, 61 remote control, 33 camera body, 61 RS-232/USB, 34 lenses, 61 F1 button, 32 commands F2 button, 33...
  • Page 133 41 ThermaCAM Connect 3, 19 file naming current date, 50 current directory, 50 unique counter, 50 Edit mode FLIR Systems command, 42 about, 2 electrical power system, 55 history, 2 power management, 66 E series, 3 specifications, 66...
  • Page 134 780, 3 model P60, 3 model P60, 3 thermo-electrically cooled, first, 3 thermo-electrically cooled, first, 3 humidity, 67 requests for enhancement, 5 RFE, 5 FLIR Systems AB image contact details, ii acquiring, 11 copyright, ii freezing, 12 e-mail, ii opening, 11...
  • Page 135 Index – K joystick function, 36 Macedonio Melloni, 84 on camera body, 35 Manual adjust command, 47 Marsilio Landriani, 83 Material Safety Data Sheets, 61 keys Max Planck, 89 function measurement formula, 97 +/– button, 36 measurement situation A button, 36 general thermographic, ix, 97 C button, 36 Melloni, Macedonio, 84...
  • Page 136 Index – P dialog box, 41 power supply, 55 opening in packing list, 7 file, 11 product warranty, ii image, 11 program options operating temperature range, 66 ThermaCAM Connect 3, 26 operating time, 66 operation ThermaCAM Connect 3, 22, 23, 25 quality assurance, ii optics transmission correction, 66 quality management system, ii...
  • Page 137 Index – T saving spectrum file, 12 thermometrical, 84 image, 12 status area, 40 S button status bar function, 36 screen object, 39 location, 34 Status bar scale command, 52 screen object, 40 dialog box, 52 screen objects Stefan, Josef, 92 result table, 39 storage temperature range, 67 status bar, 39...
  • Page 138 Index – U software requirements language, 13 camera, 18 level, 13 PC, 18 span, 13 support, 29 temperature unit, 14 transfer application, 28 time format, 14 troubleshooting, 29 creating communication, 30 isotherm, 12 connections RS-232, 31 freezing connections USB/FireWire, 30 image, 12 USB driver installation inserting...
  • Page 139 Index – Z intensive energy sources, 1 interference, 1 radio frequency energy, 1 warranty, ii website, ii weight, 67 Wien, Wilhelm, 90 Wilhelm Wien, 90 William Herschel, 83 working with level, 13 span, 13 working with camera adjusting focus, 16 inserting battery, 17 mounting...
  • Page 140 This manual was produced using XML – Extensible Markup Language. For more information about XML, point your browser to: http://www.w3c.org/XML/ Description Software Supplier Version control ExcoConf Excosoft http://www.excosoft.se/eweb/site/exc_pd.html Editing environment XML Client Excosoft http://www.excosoft.se/eweb/site/excoconf_pd.html Preformatting ExcoForm Excosoft http://www.excosoft.se/eweb/site/home.html XML parser Xerces Apache http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j...
  • Page 142 Fax: +44 (0)1732 843 707 E-mail: sales@flir.se E-mail: sales@flir.uk.com Web: www.flir.com Web: www.flir.com FLIR Systems Inc. FLIR Systems S. r. l. Corporate headquarters FLIR Systems S.r.l. 16505 SW 72nd Avenue Via L. Manara, 2 Portland, OR. 97224 20051 Limbiate (MI) Italy Tel.: +1 503 684 3731...

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