Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE SERVER 10 - INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION 04-08-2006 Installation Manual page 339

tester@linux:~> free
total
Mem: 515584
-/+ buffers/cache:
Swap: 658656
The options -b,-k,-m,-g show output in bytes, KB, MB, or GB, respectively. The
parameter -d delay ensures that the display is refreshed every delay seconds. For
example, free -d 1.5 produces an update every 1.5 seconds.
17.7.3 User Accessing Files: fuser
It can be useful to determine what processes or users are currently accessing certain
files. Suppose, for example, you want to unmount a file system mounted at /mnt.
umount returns "device is busy." The command fuser can then be used to determine
what processes are accessing the device:
tester@linux:~> fuser -v /mnt/*
/mnt/notes.txt
Following termination of the less process, which was running on another terminal,
the file system can successfully be unmounted.
17.7.4 Kernel Ring Buffer: dmesg
The Linux kernel keeps certain messages in a ring buffer. To view these messages,
enter the command dmesg:
$ dmesg
[...]
end_request: I/O error, dev fd0, sector 0
subfs: unsuccessful attempt to mount media (256)
e100: eth0: e100_watchdog: link up, 100Mbps, half-duplex
NET: Registered protocol family 17
IA-32 Microcode Update Driver: v1.14 <tigran@veritas.com>
microcode: CPU0 updated from revision 0xe to 0x2e, date = 08112004
IA-32 Microcode Update Driver v1.14 unregistered
bootsplash: status on console 0 changed to on
NET: Registered protocol family 10
Disabled Privacy Extensions on device c0326ea0(lo)
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
powernow: This module only works with AMD K7 CPUs
bootsplash: status on console 0 changed to on
used free
501704 13880
94072 421512
0 658656
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
tester 26597 f....
shared buffers
0 73040
less
System Monitoring Utilities
cached
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