Ethernet; Firmware; Gateway; Icmp (Internet Control Messages Protocol) - ICP DAS USA PDS-220F Series User Manual

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3. Ethernet

The term Ethernet generally refers to a standard published in 1982 by Digital
Equipment Corp., Intel Corp. and Xerox Corp. Ethernet is the most popular physical
layer local area network (LAN) technology today. Ethernet is a best-effort delivery
system that uses CSMA/CD technology. It recognizes hosts using 48-bit MAC address.

4. Firmware

Firmware is an alterable program located or stored in the semi-permanent storage
area, e.g., ROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory.

5. Gateway

Computers that interconnect two networks and pass packets from one to the other are
called Internet Gateways or Internet Routers. Gateways route packets that are based
on the destination network, not on the destination host.

6. ICMP (Internet Control Messages Protocol)

No system works correctly all the time. ICMP provides a method of communicating
between the Internet Protocol software on one machine and the Internet Protocol
software on another. It allows gateways to send error or control messages to other
gateways or allows a host to know what is wrong with the network communication.

7. Internet

Physically, the Internet is a collection of packet switching networks interconnected by
gateways along with TCP/IP protocol that allows them to perform logically as a single,
large and virtual network. The Internet recognizes hosts using 32-bit IP address.

8. IP (Internet Protocol) address

Every interface on an Internet must have a unique IP address (also called an Internet
address). These addresses are 32-bit numbers. They are normally written as four
decimal numbers, one for each byte of the address such as "192.168.41.1". This is
called dotted-decimal notation.
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