Page 1 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway User’s Guide Version 3.50 November 2001...
Page 2: Copyright
Trademarks ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Page 3 Federal Communications Commission This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.
Page 4: Information For Canadian Users
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Information for Canadian Users The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements. The Industry Canada label does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to a user's satisfaction. Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company.
Page 5: Declaration Of Conformity
EN 61000-4-11 tests Certifications Refer to the product page at www.zyxel.com. Declaration of Conformity ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway ZyXEL Communications Corp. No. 6, Innovation Rd. II, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300 R.O.C declare that the product ZyWALL 50 is in conformity with...
Page 6: Zyxel Limited Warranty
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to...
Page 7: Customer Support
+49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99 +603-795-44-688 www.zyxel.com.my +603-795-34-407 REGULAR MAIL ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science- Based Industrial Park, HsinChu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C. ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1650 Miraloma Avenue, Placentia, CA 92870, U.S.A. ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej 5, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark.
Page 8: Table Of Contents
P312 Broadband Security Gateway Copyright... ii Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement... iii Information for Canadian Users... iv ZyXEL Limited Warranty... vi Customer Support... vii List of Figures... xix List Of Tables ... xxvi Preface... xxxi GETTING STARTED ... I Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL...
Page 9 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 3.1.1 Initial Screen ...3-1 3.1.2 Entering the Password...3-1 Navigating the SMT Interface ...3-2 3.2.1 Main Menu...3-3 3.2.2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary...3-3 3.2.3 SMT Menus at a Glance ...3-5 Changing the System Password ...3-7 Resetting the ZyWALL ...3-8 3.4.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults...3-8 3.4.2...
Page 10 P312 Broadband Security Gateway Chapter 6 Internet Access ... 6-1 Internet Access Setup ... 6-1 6.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation ... 6-1 6.1.2 PPTP Encapsulation ... 6-2 6.1.3 Configuring the PPTP Client ... 6-3 6.1.4 PPPoE Encapsulation ... 6-4 Basic Setup Complete... 6-5 ADVANCED APPLICATIONS ...
Page 11 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 6.2.1 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT ...6-6 6.2.2 Applying NAT ...6-6 NAT Setup ...6-8 6.3.1 Address Mapping Sets ...6-8 NAT Server Sets – Port Forwarding ...6-13 6.4.1 Configuring a Server behind NAT...6-14 General NAT Examples...6-16 6.5.1 Internet Access Only...6-16 6.5.2...
Page 12 P312 Broadband Security Gateway Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall... 7-11 7.6.1 Security In General... 7-12 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall ... 7-12 7.7.1 Packet Filtering:... 7-13 7.7.2 Firewall... 7-13 Chapter 8 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall... 8-1 Remote Management and the Firewall ... 8-1 Access Methods...
Page 13 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 10.2.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules ...10-2 10.3 Connection Direction ...10-3 10.3.1 LAN to WAN Rules...10-3 10.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules...10-4 10.4 Rule Summary ...10-4 10.5 Predefined Services...10-7 10.5.1 Creating/Editing Firewall Rules...10-10 10.5.2 Source and Destination Addresses ...10-11 10.6 Timeout...10-13 10.6.1...
Page 14 P312 Broadband Security Gateway 14.3 Exempt Computers ... 14-1 14.4 Customizing... 14-2 14.5 Keywords... 14-2 14.6 Log Records ... 14-2 ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ... IV Chapter 15 Filter Configuration... 15-1 15.1 About Filtering ... 15-1 15.1.1 The Filter Structure of the ZyWALL... 15-2 15.2 Configuring a Filter Set ...
Page 15 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 17.1 System Status...17-1 17.2 System Information and Console Port Speed...17-3 17.2.1 System Information...17-4 17.2.2 Console Port Speed ...17-5 17.3 Log and Trace ...17-5 17.3.1 Viewing Error Log...17-5 17.3.2 UNIX Syslog...17-7 17.3.3 Call-Triggering Packet...17-10 17.4 Diagnostic ...17-11 17.4.1 WAN DHCP ...17-12 Chapter 18 Firmware and Configuration Maintenance ...18-1...
Page 16 P312 Broadband Security Gateway 18.4.2 Configuration File Upload... 18-11 18.4.3 FTP File Upload Command from the Command Line Example ... 18-12 18.4.4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload ... 18-13 18.4.5 TFTP File Upload... 18-13 18.4.6 TFTP Upload Command Example ... 18-14 18.4.7 Uploading Via Console Port...
Page 17 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 21.1 Introduction...21-1 Chapter 22 Introduction to IPSec ...22-1 22.1 Introduction...22-1 22.1.1 VPN ...22-1 22.1.2 IPSec ...22-1 22.1.3 Security Association ...22-1 22.1.4 Other Terminology ...22-1 22.1.5 VPN Applications ...22-2 22.2 IPSec Architecture ...22-3 22.2.1 IPSec Algorithms ...22-4 22.2.2 Key Management ...22-4 22.3...
Page 18 P312 Broadband Security Gateway 23.5 Manual Setup... 23-15 23.5.1 Active Protocol... 23-15 23.5.2 Security Parameter Index (SPI) ... 23-15 Chapter 24 SA Monitor ... 24-1 1.1. Introduction ... 24-1 Chapter 25 IPSec Log ... 25-1 TROUBLESHOOTING, APPENDICES AND INDEX ... VI Chapter 26 Troubleshooting...
Page 19: List Of Figures
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway List of Figures Figure 1-1 Secure Internet Access via Cable... 1-4 Figure 1-2 Secure Internet Access via DSL... 1-4 Figure 1-3 VPN Application... 1-5 Figure 2-1 Front Panel... 2-1 Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 50 Rear Panel and Connections ... 2-3 Figure 3-1 Initial Screen...
Page 20 P312 Broadband Security Gateway Figure 4-2 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation ... 4-4 Figure 4-3 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPTP Encapsulation ... 4-6 Figure 4-4 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options ... 4-7 Figure 4-5 Menu 11.3 —...
Page 21 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 6-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1... 6-21 Figure 6-20 Example 3: Menu 15.2... 6-21 Figure 6-21 NAT Example 4 ... 6-22 Figure 6-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule ... 6-23 Figure 6-23 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1 — Address Mapping Rules... 6-23 Figure 7-1 ZyWALL Firewall Application ...
Page 22 P312 Broadband Security Gateway Figure 13-1 Activate the Firewall... 13-2 Figure 13-2 Example 1: E-Mail Screen... 13-3 Figure 13-3 Example 1: Configuring a Rule ... 13-4 Figure 13-4 Example 1: Destination Address for Traffic Originating from the Internet ... 13-5 Figure 13-5 Example 1: Rule Summary Screen ...
Page 23 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 15-16 Filtering Remote Node Traffic... 15-19 Figure 16-1 SNMP Management Model ... 16-2 Figure 16-2 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration ... 16-4 Figure 17-1 Menu 24 — System Maintenance... 17-1 Figure 17-2 Menu 24.1 — System Maintenance — Status ... 17-2 Figure 17-3 Menu 24.2 —...
Page 24 P312 Broadband Security Gateway Figure 18-14 Telnet Into Menu 24.7.2 — System Maintenance ... 18-12 Figure 18-15 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload ... 18-13 Figure 18-16 Menu 24.7.1 as seen using the Console Port ... 18-15 Figure 18-17 Example Xmodem Upload ... 18-15 Figure 18-18 Menu 24.7.2 as seen using the Console Port ...
Page 25 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 23-5 HQ ZyWALL Configuration ... 23-5 Figure 23-6 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary ... 23-5 Figure 23-7 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup... 23-8 Figure 23-8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA... 23-11 Figure 23-9 —...
Page 26 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway List Of Tables Table 2-1 LED Descriptions...2-1 Table 3-1 Main Menu Commands ...3-2 Table 3-2 Main Menu Summary...3-3 Table 4-1 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu Fields ...4-2 Table 4-2 WAN Setup Menu Fields...4-4 Table 5-1 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses ...5-2 Table 5-2 Private IP Address Ranges...5-3 Table 5-3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields...5-6 Table 5-4 LAN TCP/IP Setup Menu Fields...5-7...
Page 27 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-3 Applying NAT in Menus 4 & 11.3... 6-7 Table 6-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules ... 6-9 Table 6-5 Fields in Menu 15.1.1 ...6-11 Table 6-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing/Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set ... 6-12 Table 6-7 Services &...
Page 28 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields ...15-8 Table 15-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields ...15-13 Table 16-1 General SNMP Commands ...16-3 Table 16-2 SNMP Configuration Menu Fields...16-4 Table 16-3 SNMP Traps ...16-5 Table 17-1 System Maintenance — Status Menu Fields ...17-2 Table 17-2 Fields in System Maintenance —...
Page 29 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 23-6 Active Protocol — Encapsulation and Security Protocol ... 23-15 Table 23-7 Menu 27.1.1.2 — Manual Setup... 23-16 Table 24-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor ... 24-1 Table 25-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs ... 25-2 Table 25-2 Sample IPSec Logs During Packet Transmission ...
Page 31: Preface
About Your ZyWALL Congratulations on your purchase of the ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway. Don’t forget to register your ZyWALL (fast, easy online registration at www.zyxel.com) for free future product updates and information. The ZyWALL 50 is a dual Ethernet Internet Security Gateway integrated with robust firewall solutions and network management features that allows access to the Internet via cable/ADSL modem or Internet router.
Page 32 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Our Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your ZyWALL up and running right away. It contains a detailed easy-to-follow connection diagram, ZyWALL default settings, handy checklists, information on setting up your network and information on configuring your ZyWALL for Internet access.
Page 33: Getting Started
Getting Started Part I: Getting Started This part is structured as a step-by-step guide to help you connect, install and setup your ZyWALL to operate on your network and access the Internet.
Page 35: Chapter 1 Getting To Know Your Zywall
Getting to Know Your ZyWALL This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyWALL. The ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 50 is a dual Ethernet Internet security gateway integrated with a robust firewall and network management features designed for home offices and small businesses to access the Internet via cable/ADSL modem or Internet router.
Page 36 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway You can configure most features of the ZyWALL 50 via SMT but we recommend you configure the firewall and Content Filters using the ZyWALL web configurator. Content Filtering The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies, as well as disable web proxies.
Page 37: Dhcp (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) allows the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. Port Forwarding Use this feature to forward incoming service requests to a server on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server.
Page 38: Applications For The Zywall 50
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Applications for the ZyWALL 50 1.3.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem A cable modem or xDSL modem can connect to the ZyWALL 50 for broadband Internet access via Ethernet port on the modem. It provides not only high speed Internet access, but secured internal network protection and management as well.
Page 39: Vpn Application
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 1.3.2 VPN Application ZyWALL VPN is an ideal cost-effective way to connect branch offices and business partners over the Internet without the need (and expense) for leased lines between sites. Figure 1-3 VPN Application Getting to Know Your ZyWALL...
Page 41: Chapter 2 Hardware Installation
This chapter explains the LEDs and ports as well as how to connect the hardware and perform Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports 2.1.1 Front Panel LEDs The LEDs on the front panel indicate the operational status of the ZyWALL. The following table describes LED functions.
Page 42: Zywall 50 Rear Panel And Connections
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COLOR 100M Orange Green 100M Orange ZyWALL 50 Rear Panel and Connections The following figure shows the rear panel of your ZyWALL 50 and the related connections. Table 2-1 LED Descriptions STATUS MEANING Flashing The 10M LAN is sending/receiving packets.
Page 43: Figure 2-2 Zywall 50 Rear Panel And Connections
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 50 Rear Panel and Connections This section outlines how to connect your ZyWALL 50 to the LAN and the WAN. If you want to connect a cable modem you must connect the coaxial cable from your cable service to the threaded coaxial cable connector on the back of the cable modem.
Page 44: Specifications
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway port) of your computer. You can use an extension RS-232 cable if the enclosed one is too short. After the initial setup, you can modify the configuration remotely through telnet connections. Step 2. Connecting the ZyWALL to the Broadband Modem Step 2a.
Page 45: Additional Installation Requirements
Additional Installation Requirements In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware and software requirements you need before you can install and use your ZyWALL. These requirements include: A computer with an Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card) installed. A computer equipped with communications software configured to the following parameters: ♦...
Page 47: Chapter 3 Initial Setup
When you turn on your ZyWALL, it performs several internal tests as well as line initialization. After the tests, the ZyWALL asks you to press Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. initialize ch =0, ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:41:51:61 initialize ch =1, ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:41:51:62 Press ENTER to continue...
Page 48: Navigating The Smt Interface
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Navigating the SMT Interface The SMT (System Management Terminal) is the interface that you use to configure your ZyWALL. Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below.
Page 49: Main Menu
3.2.1 Main Menu After you enter the password, the SMT displays the ZyWALL Main Menu, as shown next. Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. Getting Started 1. General Setup 2. WAN Setup 3. LAN Setup 4. Internet Access Setup Advanced Applications 11.
Page 50 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway MENU TITLE System Password Change your password in this menu (recommended). System Maintenance From displaying system status to uploading firmware, this menu provides comprehensive system maintenance. Schedule Setup Use this menu to schedule outgoing calls. VPN/ IPSec Setup Use this menu to configure VPN connections.
Page 51: Smt Menus At A Glance
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 3.2.3 SMT Menus at a Glance Figure 3-4 Getting Started and Advanced Applications SMT Menus Initial Setup...
Page 52: Figure 3-5 Advanced Management Smt Menus
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 3-5 Advanced Management SMT Menus Initial Setup...
Page 53: Changing The System Password
Figure 3-6 IPSec VPN Configuration SMT Menus Changing the System Password The first thing you should do is change the default system password by following the steps shown next. Step 1. Enter 23 in the main menu to open Menu 23 - System Password as shown below. Figure 3-7 Menu 23 —...
Page 54: Resetting The Zywall
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Re-type your new system password for confirmation and press [ENTER]. Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an (X) for each character you type. Resetting the ZyWALL If you forget your password or cannot access the ZyWALL, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file.
Page 55: Procedure To Use The Reset Button
3.4.2 Procedure To Use The Reset Button Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking) before you begin this procedure. Press the RESET button for ten seconds, then release it. If the SYS LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the ZyWALL restarts. Otherwise, go to step 2. Turn the ZyWALL off.
Page 57: Chapter 4 General And Wan Setup
Menu 1 - General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. Clone a LAN System Name System Name is for identification purposes. ZyXEL recommends you enter your computer’s “Computer name”. • In Windows 95/98 click Start -> Settings -> Control Panel and then double-click Network. Click the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the ZyWALL System Name.
Page 58: Figure 4-1 Configure Dynamic Dns
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name. To use this service, you must register with the Dynamic DNS service provider.
Page 59: Wan Setup
FIELD Host Enter the domain name assigned to your ZyWALL by your Dynamic DNS provider. EMAIL Enter your e-mail address. USER Enter your user name. Password Enter the password assigned to you. Enable Wildcard Your ZyWALL supports DYNDNS Wildcard. Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select Yes or No This field is N/A when you choose DDNS client as your service provider.
Page 60: Figure 4-2 Menu 2 - Wan Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 4-2 Menu 2 — WAN Setup The MAC address field allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using either the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file).
Page 63: Chapter 5 Lan Setup
This chapter describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 – LAN Setup. Introduction This section describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 — LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to open menu 3. Figure 5-1 Menu 3 — LAN Setup LAN Port Filter Setup This menu allows you to specify the filter sets that you wish to apply to the LAN traffic.
Page 64: Factory Lan Defaults
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.1 Factory LAN Defaults The LAN parameters of the ZyWALL are preset in the factory with the following values: IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits). DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations.
Page 65: Private Ip Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established.
Page 66: Rip Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
Page 67: Ip Alias
5.3.7 IP Alias IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Figure 5-3 Physical Network Use menu 3.2.1 to configure IP Alias on your ZyWALL.
Page 68: Figure 5-6 Menu 3.2 - Tcp/Ip And Dhcp Ethernet Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup DHCP= Server Configuration: Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 32 Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 DHCP Server Address= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0...
Page 69: Ip Alias Setup
Table 5-3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields FIELD DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above, then type in the IP address of Address the actual, remote DHCP server here. Follow the instructions in the following table to configure TCP/IP parameters for the LAN port. Table 5-4 LAN TCP/IP Setup Menu Fields FIELD TCP/IP Setup:...
Page 70: Figure 5-7 Menu 3.2.1 - Ip Alias Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 5-7 Menu 3.2.1 — IP Alias Setup Use the instructions in the following table to configure IP Alias parameters. Table 5-5 IP Alias Setup Menu Fields FIELD IP Alias Choose Yes to configure the LAN network for the ZyWALL.
Page 71: Chapter 6 Internet Access
This chapter shows you how to configure your ZyWALL for Internet access. Internet Access Setup You will see three different menu 4 screens depending on whether you chose Ethernet, PPTP or PPPoE Encapsulation. 6.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. The PPPoE choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
Page 72: Pptp Encapsulation
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-1 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields FIELD Encapsulation Press [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose Ethernet. The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address. Press [SPACE BAR] to select Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba Service Type authentication method) or RR-Manager (RoadRunner Manager authentication method).
Page 73: Configuring The Pptp Client
The ZyWALL 50 supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. 6.1.3 Configuring the PPTP Client To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the My Login and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. After configuring My Login and Password for PPP connection, press [SPACE BAR] in the Encapsulation field in Menu 4 -Internet Access Setup to choose PPTP as your encapsulation option.
Page 74: Pppoe Encapsulation
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 6.1.4 PPPoE Encapsulation The ZyWALL supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (i.e. xDSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (e.g., Radius).
Page 75: Basic Setup Complete
Table 6-3 New Fields in Menu 4 (PPPoE) screen FIELD Encapsulation Press [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose PPPoE. The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address. Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the ZyWALL automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.
Page 76: Advanced Applications
Advanced Applications Part II: Advanced Applications This part covers Remote Node Setup, IP Static Route Setup and Network Address Translation.
Page 77: Chapter 4 Remote Node Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 4 Remote Node Setup This chapter shows you how to configure a remote node. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway. A remote node represents both the remote gateway and the network behind it across a WAN connection. Note that when you use menu 4 to set up Internet access, you are actually configuring a remote node.
Page 78: Figure 4-1 Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile For Ethernet Encapsulation
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard Service Name= N/A Outgoing: My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Server IP= N/A Figure 4-1 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation FIELD Rem Node Name Enter a descriptive name for the remote node.
Page 79: Pppoe Encapsulation
FIELD My Password Enter the password assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL calls this remote node. Valid for PPPoE encapsulation only. Server IP This field is valid for RoadRunner service type only. The ZyWALL will find the RoadRunner Server IP automatically if this field is left blank.
Page 80: Figure 4-2 Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile For Pppoe Encapsulation
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPPoE Service Type= Standard Service Name= Outgoing= My Login= My Password= ******** Authen= CHAP/PAP Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 4-2 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation Outgoing Authentication Protocol Generally speaking, you should employ the strongest authentication protocol possible, for obvious reasons.
Page 81: Pptp Encapsulation
Table 4-2 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPPoE Encapsulation Specific) FIELD Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls. Options for this field are: CHAP/PAP - Your ZyWALL will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node. CHAP - accept CHAP only.
Page 82: Figure 4-3 Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile For Pptp Encapsulation
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPTP Service Type= Standard Service Name=N/A Outgoing= My Login= My Password= ******** Authen= CHAP/PAP PPTP : My IP Addr= Server IP Addr= Connection ID/Name= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle.
Page 83: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Ethernet Encapsulation)
Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulation) Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11.1, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes. Press [ENTER] to open Menu 11.3 - Network Layer Options. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options Network Address Translation= SUA Only Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 4-4 Menu 11.3 —...
Page 84: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Pptp Encapsulation)
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 4-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD Metric This field is valid only for PPTP/PPPoE encapsulation. The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks.
Page 85: Figure 4-5 Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options
Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 4-5 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options. Table 4-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD IP Address If your ISP did not assign you an explicit IP address, select Dynamic;...
Page 86: Editing Tcp/Ip Options (With Pppoe Encapsulation)
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 4-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD Metric The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link.
Page 87: Figure 4-6 Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter (Ethernet Encapsulation)
Use menu 11.5 to specify the filter set(s) to apply to the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the ZyWALL to prevent certain packets from triggering calls. You can specify up to 4 filter sets separated by commas, e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12, in each filter field. Note that spaces are accepted in this field. For more information on defining the filters, please refer to the Filters chapter.
Page 89: Chapter 5 Ip Static Route Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 5 IP Static Route Setup This chapter shows you how to configure static routes with your ZyWALL. Static routes tell the ZyWALL routing information that it cannot learn automatically through other means. This can arise in cases where RIP is disabled on the LAN. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the ZyWALL has no knowledge of the networks beyond.
Page 90: Ip Static Route Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway IP Static Route Setup You configure IP static routes in menu 12. 1 by selecting one of the IP static routes as shown next. Enter 12 from the main menu. 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4.
Page 91: Table 5-1 Ip Static Route Menu Fields
Table 5-1 IP Static Route Menu Fields FIELD Route # This is the index number of the static route that you chose in menu 12. Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route. This is for identification purposes only. Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Page 93: Chapter 6 Network Address Translation (Nat)
Network Address Translation (NAT) Introduction NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
Page 94: What Nat Does
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-1 NAT Definitions TERM DESCRIPTION WAN. NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. 6.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side.
Page 95: Nat Application
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 6-1 How NAT Works 6.1.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyWALL can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. More examples follow at the end of this chapter.
Page 96: Nat Mapping Types
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 6-2 NAT Application With IP Alias 6.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address.
Page 97: Table 6-2 Nat Mapping Types
Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. Many to Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the each local IP addresses to unique global IP addresses. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world.
Page 98: Using Nat
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Using NAT 6.2.1 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT SUA (Single User Account) is a ZyNOS implementation of a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping, Many-to-One and Server. See section 6.3.1 for a detailed description of the NAT set for SUA. The ZyWALL also supports Full Feature NAT to map multiple global IP addresses to multiple private LAN IP addresses of clients or servers using mapping types as outlined in Table 6-2.
Page 99: Figure 6-4 Menu 11.3 - Applying Nat To The Remote Node
Step 2. Move the cursor to the Edit IP field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only Metric= N/A Private= N/A...
Page 100: Nat Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway NAT Setup Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to computers on the LAN. You can see two NAT Address Mapping sets in menu 15.1. You can only configure Set 1.
Page 101: Figure 6-7 Menu 15.1.255 - Sua Address Mapping Rules
SUA Address Mapping Set Enter 255 to display the next screen (see also section 6.2.1). The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Menu 15.1.255 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= SUA Local Start IP Local End IP --------------- --------------- 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:...
Page 102: Figure 6-8 Menu 15.1.1 - First Set
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules FIELD Type These are the mapping types discussed above (see Table 6-2). Server allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this machine. See later for some examples.
Page 103: Table 6-5 Fields In Menu 15.1.1
Ordering Your Rules Ordering your rules is important because the ZyWALL applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the current packet, the ZyWALL takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored. If there are any empty rules before your new configured rule, your configured rule will be pushed up by that number of empty rules.
Page 104: Figure 6-9 Menu 15.1.1.1 - Editing/Configuring An Individual Rule In A Set
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Type= One-to-One Local IP: Start= = N/A Global IP: Start= = N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 6-9 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing/Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set Table 6-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 —...
Page 105: Nat Server Sets - Port Forwarding
NAT Server Sets – Port Forwarding A NAT server set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world.
Page 106: Configuring A Server Behind Nat
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-7 Services & Port Numbers SERVICES Finger HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP trap PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 6.4.1 Configuring a Server behind NAT Follow these steps to configure a server behind NAT: Step 1.
Page 107: Figure 6-10 Menu 15.2 - Nat Server Setup
Rule --------------------------------------------------- Figure 6-10 Menu 15.2 — NAT Server Setup Figure 6-11 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address Default Default 1026 1026 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.33...
Page 108: General Nat Examples
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway General NAT Examples 6.5.1 Internet Access Only In the following Internet access example, you only need one rule where all your ILAs (Inside Local addresses) map to one dynamic IGA (Inside Global Address) assigned by your ISP. Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet...
Page 109: Example 2: Internet Access With An Inside Server
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway From menu 4 shown above, simply choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed in section 6.5. The SUA Only read-only option from the Network Address Translation field in menus 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case. 6.5.2 Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server Figure 6-14 NAT Example 2 In this case, you do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and also go to...
Page 110: Example 3: Multiple Public Ip Addresses With Inside Servers
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Rule --------------------------------------------------- Figure 6-15 Menu 15.2 — Specifying an Inside Server 6.5.3 Example 3: Multiple Public IP Addresses With Inside Servers In this example, there are 3 IGAs from our ISP. There are many departments but two have their own FTP server.
Page 111: Figure 6-16 Nat Example 3
The example situation looks somewhat like this: Step 1. In this case you need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets. Therefore you must choose the Full Feature option from the Network Address Translation field (in menu 4 or menu 11.3) in Figure 6-17. Step 2.
Page 112: Figure 6-17 Example 3: Menu 11.3
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 6. Repeat the previous step for rules 2 to 4 as outlined above. Step 7. When finished, menu 15.1.1 should look like as shown in Figure 6-19. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A...
Page 113: Figure 6-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1
Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Example3 Local Start IP Local End IP --------------- --------------- 1. 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Action= Edit Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 6-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1 Now configure the IGA3 to map to our web server and mail server on the LAN.
Page 114: Example 4: Nat Unfriendly Application Programs
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 6.5.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload mapping as port numbers do not change for Many-to- Many No Overload (and One-to-One) NAT mapping types.
Page 115: Figure 6-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 - Address Mapping Rule
Type= Many-to-Many No Overload Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 = 192.168.1.12 Global IP: Start= 10.132.50.1 = 10.132.50.3 Figure 6-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule After you’ve configured your rule, you should be able to check the settings in menu 15.1.1 as shown next. Set Name= Example4 Local Start IP ---------------...
Page 116: Firewall And Content Filters
Firewall and Content Filters Part III: Firewall and Content Filters Part III introduces firewalls in general and the ZyWALL firewall. It also explains custom ports and logs and gives example firewall rules and an overview of content filtering.
Page 118: Chapter 7 Firewalls
This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with What Is a Firewall? Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term “firewall” is a system or group of systems that enforces an access- control policy between two networks.
Page 119: Stateful Inspection Firewalls
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems, since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems. Robust authentication and logging pre-authenticates application traffic before it reaches internal hosts and causes it to be logged more effectively than if it were logged with standard host logging.
Page 120: Denial Of Service
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 7-1 ZyWALL Firewall Application Denial of Service Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources.
Page 121: Types Of Dos Attacks
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port. Some of the most common IP ports are: Telnet SMTP...
Page 122: Figure 7-2 Three-Way Handshake
Figure 7-2 Three-Way Handshake Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established. 2-a SYN Attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets.
Page 123: Figure 7-4 Smurf Attack
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 2-b In a LAND Attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Page 124: Stateful Inspection
Table 7-3 Legal NetBIOS Commands All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables. Table 7-4 Legal SMTP Commands AUTH DATA EHLO QUIT RCPT RSET Traceroute Traceroute is a utility used to determine the path a packet takes between two endpoints. Sometimes when a packet filter firewall is configured incorrectly an attacker can traceroute the firewall gaining knowledge of the network topology inside the firewall.
Page 125: Stateful Inspection Process
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Denies all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN. The previous figure shows the ZyWALL’s default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works. User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed.
Page 126: Stateful Inspection And The Zywall
The packet is inspected by a firewall rule to determine and record information about the state of the packet's connection. This information is recorded in a new state table entry created for the new connection. If there is not a firewall rule for this packet and it is not an attack, then The default action for packets not matching following rules field (see Figure 10-3) determines the action for this packet.
Page 127: Tcp Security
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway The ability to define firewall rules is a very powerful tool. Using custom rules, it is possible to disable all firewall protection or block all access to the Internet. Use extreme caution when creating or deleting firewall rules. Test changes after creating them to make sure they work correctly.
Page 128: Upper Layer Protocols
little tracking information. For instance, ICMP redirect packets are never allowed in, since they could be used to reroute traffic through attacking machines. 7.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols Some higher layer protocols (such as FTP and RealAudio) utilize multiple network connections simultaneously.
Page 129: Security In General
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 7.6.1 Security In General You can never be too careful! Factors outside your firewall, filtering or NAT can cause security breaches. Below are some generalizations about what you can do to minimize them. Encourage your company or organization to develop a comprehensive security plan. Good network administration takes into account what hackers can do and prepares against attacks.
Page 130: Packet Filtering
7.7.1 Packet Filtering: The router filters packets as they pass through the router’s interface according to the filter rules you designed. Packet filtering is a powerful tool, yet can be complex to configure and maintain, especially if you need a chain of rules to filter a service. Packet filtering only checks the header portion of an IP packet.
Page 131 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway To selectively block/allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host/networks and outside host/networks. Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules. Use the firewall if you need routine e-mail reports about your system or need to be alerted when attacks occur.
Page 132: Chapter 8 Introducing The Zywall Firewall
Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall This chapter shows you how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall. Remote Management and the Firewall When SMT menu 24.11 is configured to allow management from the WAN, it overrides the firewall. See the Remote Management chapter for details. Access Methods The web configurator is, by far, the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyWALL has to offer.
Page 133: Viewing The Firewall Log
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway The firewall protects against Denial of Service (DOS) attacks when it is active. The default Policy sets 1. allow all sessions originating from the LAN to the WAN and 2. deny all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN You may define additional Policy rules or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so Active: No...
Page 134 FIELD This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost. Time This is the time the log was recorded in this format. You must configure menu 24.10 for real time;...
Page 136: Chapter 9 Using The Zywall Web Configurator
Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator This chapter shows you how to configure your firewall with the web configurator. Web Configurator Login and Main Menu Screens Use the ZyWALL web configurator, to configure your firewall. To get started, follow the steps shown next. Step 1.
Page 137: Figure 9-1 Main Menu
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Use the icon (located in the upper right portion of most screens) for online HTML help. If you forget your password, refer to the Resetting the ZyWALL section to see how to reset the default configuration file.
Page 138: Enabling The Firewall
Enabling the Firewall Click Advanced, Firewall, Configuration and then the Config tab. Enable (or activate) the firewall by clicking the Firewall Enabled check box as seen in the following screen. Figure 9-2 Enabling the Firewall E-mail The E-mail screen show next, allows you to specify your mail server, where e-mail alerts should be sent as well as when and how often they should be sent.
Page 139: Logs
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 10-4) When an event generates an alert, a message is immediately sent to an e-mail account specified by you. Enter the complete e-mail address to which alert messages will be sent in the E-mail Alerts To field and schedule times for sending alerts in the Log Timer fields in the E-mail screen (following screen).
Page 140: Table 9-1 E-Mail
FIELD Address Info Mail Server Enter the IP address of your mail server in dotted decimal notation. Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) should be able to provide this information. If this field is left blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e- mail.
Page 141: Smtp Error Messages
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 9.3.3 SMTP Error Messages If there are difficulties in sending e-mail the following error messages appear. Please see the Support Notes on the included disk for information on other types of error messages. E-mail error messages appear in SMT menu 24.3.1 as "SMTP action request failed. ret= ??". The “??"are described in the following table.
Page 142: Attack Alert
Subject: Firewall Alert From ZyWALL Date: Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42 From: user@zyxel.com user@zyxel.com 1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 |forward | 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 2|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 |forward | 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 3|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.6 | 09:54:19 |UDP src port:03516 dest port:00053 ……………………………..{snip}…………………………………..
Page 143: Tcp Maximum Incomplete And Blocking Time
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network. The CPU power of servers in your LAN network. Network bandwidth. Type of traffic for certain servers. If your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy), then the default values should be reduced.
Page 144: Figure 9-5 Attack Alert
If the Blocking Time timeout is greater than 0, then the ZyWALL blocks all new connection requests to the host giving the server time to handle the present connections. The ZyWALL continues to block all new connection requests until the Blocking Time expires. The ZyWALL also sends alerts whenever TCP Maximum Incomplete is exceeded.
Page 145 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD Denial of Service Thresholds One Minute Low This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half-open sessions. The ZyWALL continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new connection attempts drops below this number.
Page 146 FIELD Incomplete host IP address that causes the firewall to start dropping half-open sessions to that same destination host IP address. Enter a number between 1 and 250. As a general rule, you should choose a smaller number for a smaller network, a slower system or limited bandwidth.
Page 148: Chapter 10 Creating Custom Rules
This chapter contains instructions for defining both Local Network and Internet rules. 10.1 Rules Overview Firewall rules are subdivided into “Local Network” and “Internet”. By default, the ZyWALL’s stateful packet inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the local network, and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet.
Page 149: Security Ramifications
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Is the intent of the rule to forward or block traffic? What is the direction connection: from the LAN to the Internet, or from the Internet to the LAN? What IP services will be affected? What computers on the LAN are to be affected (if any)? What computers on the Internet will be affected? The more specific, the better.
Page 150: Connection Direction
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Source Address What is the connection’s source address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? Destination Address What is the connection’s destination address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? 10.3 Connection Direction This section talks about configuring firewall rules for connections going from LAN to WAN and WAN to...
Page 151: Wan To Lan Rules
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 10.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections (WAN to LAN). If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it. See the following figure.
Page 152: Figure 10-3 Firewall Rules Summary - First Screen
Figure 10-3 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 10-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD General Name This is the name of the firewall rule set. Type a name to distinguish the LAN-to-WAN filter set from the WAN-to- LAN filter set.
Page 153 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 10-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD Default Policy Log Click this check box to log all matched rules in the ACL default set. The following fields summarize the rules you have created. Note that these fields are read only. Click the tab at the top of the box to order the rules according to that tab.
Page 154: Predefined Services
10.5 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Rule Config(uration) screen (see Figure 10-4) displays all predefined services that the ZyWALL already supports. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service.
Page 155 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 10-2 Predefined Services SERVICE MSN Messenger(TCP:1863) Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. MULTICAST(IGMP:0) Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts. NEWS(TCP:144) A protocol for news groups. NFS(UDP:2049) Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file-sharing for network environments.
Page 156 Table 10-2 Predefined Services SERVICE STRM WORKS(UDP:1558) Stream Works Protocol. TACACS(UDP:49) Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System). TELNET(TCP:23) Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.
Page 157: Creating/Editing Firewall Rules
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 10.5.1 Creating/Editing Firewall Rules To create a new rule, click a number (No.) then click Edit in the last screen shown to display the following screen. Figure 10-4 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule Table 10-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD Source Address Click SrcAdd to add a new address, SrcEdit to edit...
Page 158: Source And Destination Addresses
Table 10-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD Please see the following section on adding and editing destination addresses. Services Please see Table 10-2 for more information on services available. Highlight a service from the Available/Selected Available Services box on the left, then click >> to Services add it to the Selected Services box on the right.
Page 159: Figure 10-5 Adding/Editing Source And Destination Addresses
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-5 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses 10-12 Creating Custom Rules...
Page 160: Timeout
Table 10-4 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses FIELD Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP address, a range of IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address? Select an option from the drop down list box Start IP Address Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range...
Page 161: Figure 10-6 Timeout Screen
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-6 Timeout Screen 10-14 Creating Custom Rules...
Page 162: Table 10-5 Timeout Menu
FIELD TCP Timeout Values Connection Timeout This is the length of time the ZyWALL waits for a TCP session to reach the established state before dropping the session. FIN-Wait Timeout This is the length of time a TCP session remains open after the firewall detects a FIN-exchange (indicating the end of the TCP session).
Page 164: Chapter 11 Custom Ports
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 11 Custom Ports This chapter covers creating, viewing and editing custom ports. 11.1 Introduction Configure customized ports for services not predefined by the ZyWALL (see Figure 10-4). For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website.
Page 165: Table 11-1 Custom Ports
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD Customized Services This is the number of your customized port. Status Indicates whether ports have already been configured or are still empty. Name This is the name of your customized port. Protocol This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP or Both) that defines your customized port.
Page 166: Creating/Editing A Custom Port
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 11.2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port Click Edit in the previous screen to create a new custom port or edit an existing one. This action displays the following screen. Figure 11-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port The next table describes the fields in this screen. Custom Ports 11-3...
Page 167: Table 11-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 11-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port FIELD Service Name Enter a unique name for your custom port. Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP or Both) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box.
Page 168: Chapter 12 Logs
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 12 Logs This chapter contains information about using the log screen to view the results of the rules you have configured. 12.1 Log Screen When you configure a new rule you also have the option to log events that match, don’t match (or both) this rule (see Figure 10-4).
Page 169: Table 12-1 Log Screen
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost. Time This is the time the log was recorded in this format.
Page 170: Chapter 13 Example Firewall Rules
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 13 Example Firewall Rules This chapter gives examples for configuring various rules for WAN to LAN and LAN to WAN. 13.1 Examples Whenever you open a hole in the firewall to forward a service from the Internet to the local network, and NAT is also enabled, you may have to also configure a server behind NAT using SMT menu 15.2.
Page 171: Figure 13-1 Activate The Firewall
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Activate the firewall. You may activate the firewall through the web configurator as shown next (click Configuration, the Config tab, then click the Firewall Enabled check box) or through SMT menu 21.2. You can only configure the firewall using the web configurator or CI commands (see Appendices).
Page 172: Figure 13-2 Example 1: E-Mail Screen
Step 2. Go to the E-mail screen by clicking Advanced, Firewall, Configuration, then the E-mail tab. Configure the E-mail screen as follows. Enter 10.100.1.2, the IP address of the mail server here. Figure 13-2 Example 1: E-Mail Screen Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Enter a subject for This is where the...
Page 173: Figure 13-3 Example 1: Configuring A Rule
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Configure your firewall rule as shown in the following screen. The default firewall blocks all Internet traffic entering our local network, but you want to create a hole for web service from the Internet.
Page 174: Figure 13-4 Example 1: Destination Address For Traffic Originating From The Internet
Step 4. Click DestAdd in the previous screen to configure the destination address as the IP of your server on the LAN. Figure 13-4 Example 1: Destination Address for Traffic Originating from the Internet Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 10.100.1.2 is the IP of our server on the LAN (supporting FTP, HTTP, Telnet and mail services) to which...
Page 175: Example 2: Small Office With Mail, Ftp And Web Servers
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 5. When you have finished configuring your rules, the Rule Summary screen should look like this. Click Apply in this screen to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL. The first rule is a default rule to allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL 10.
Page 176: Figure 13-6 Send Alerts When Attacked
A mail server with an IP of 192.168.10.2. Two FTP servers. You want FTP server 1 (IP of 192.168.10.3) to be accessible from the Internet, but FTP server 2 (192.168.10.4) may only be accessed by internal users, i.e., from the local network. iii.
Page 177: Figure 13-7 Configuring A Pop Custom Port
ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Now you want to restrict access to the Internet except for the HTTP proxy server and your mail server. First you need to create a custom port for POP3. POP (Post Office Protocol) is an Internet mail server protocol that provides an incoming message storage system.
Page 178: Figure 13-8 Example 2: Local Network Rule 1 Configuration
Network to see the Rule Summary screen. Now click an available No. (rule number) button, then click Edit to bring up the next screen. Step 5. Click SrcAdd under the Source Address box and enter the IP address of the mail server (192.168.10.2) in the same fashion as in Figure 13-4.
Page 179: Figure 13-9 Example 2: Local Network Rule Summary
ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway Step 7. The Rule Summary screen should look like Figure 13-9. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Rule 1 forwards SMTP and POP traffic from the mail server and Rule 2 forwards HTTP traffic from the proxy web server.
Page 180: Figure 13-10 Example: Internet To Local Network Rule Summary
screen. Now click on the DestAdd button under the Destination Address box and enter the IP of FTP server One (192.168.10.3). Step 9. On completing the procedure the Rule Summary for this Internet firewall rule should look like the following screen. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL.
Page 181: Example 3: Dhcp Negotiation And Syslog Connection From The Internet
ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway 13.1.3 Example 3: DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet The following are some Internet firewall rule examples that allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL and allow a syslog connection from the Internet. Follow the procedure shown next to first configure a custom port.
Page 182: Figure 13-12 Syslog Rule Configuration
Step 2. Follow the procedures outlined in the previous examples to configure all your rules. You should configure the rule configuration screen like the one below and apply it. This is the address range of the syslog servers. Figure 13-12 Syslog Rule Configuration Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway Click Apply when...
Page 183: Figure 13-13 Example 3: Rule Summary
ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. On completing the configuration procedure for these Internet firewall rules, the Rule Summary screen should look like the following. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Rule 1: Allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL.
Page 184: Chapter 14 Content Filtering
This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the web embedded configurator. For more Internet content filtering allows schools and businesses to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to their needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URLs and should not be confused with packet filtering via SMT menu 21.1.
Page 185: Customizing
ZyWALL 100 Internet Security Gateway 14.4 Customizing Customize the content filter list by adding or removing specific sites from the filter list. 14.5 Keywords The ZyWALL can also be configured to block certain Web sites by using URL keywords. 14.6 Log Records This screen records the results of your content filter policies 14-2 Content Filtering...
Page 186: Advanced Management
Advanced Management Part IV: Advanced Management This part provides information on Filter Configuration, SNMP Configuration, System Information and Diagnosis, Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance, System Maintenance and Information and Remote Management.
Page 187: Chapter 15 Filter Configuration
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 15 Filter Configuration This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters. 15.1 About Filtering Your ZyWALL uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call. There are two types of filter applications: data filtering and call filtering.
Page 188: The Filter Structure Of The Zywall
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway match Outgoing Data Packet Match Drop packet Figure 15-1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process For incoming packets, your ZyWALL applies data filters only. Packets are processed depending upon whether a match is found. The following sections describe how to configure filter sets. 15.1.1 The Filter Structure of the ZyWALL A filter set consists of one or more filter rules.
Page 189: Figure 15-2 Filter Rule Process
Fetch Next Filter Set Next Filter Set Available? Drop Packet Figure 15-2 Filter Rule Process Filter Configuration ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Packet into Fetch First Filter Set Filter Set Fetch First Filter Rule Fetch Next Filter Rule Next filter Rule Available? Execute...
Page 190: Configuring A Filter Set
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port. 15.2 Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set, follow the procedure below.
Page 191: Figure 15-6 Netbios_Wan Filter Rules Summary
Step 3. Select the filter set you wish to configure (1-12) and press [ENTER] Step 4. Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press [ENTER]. Step 5. Press [ENTER] at the message [Press ENTER to confirm] to open Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary.
Page 192: Filter Rules Summary Menu
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 15.2.1 Filter Rules Summary Menu This screen shows the summary of the existing rules in the filter set. The following tables contain a brief description of the abbreviations used in the previous menus. Table 15-1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu FIELD The filter rule number: 1 to 6.
Page 193: Configuring A Filter Rule
Table 15-2 Rule Abbreviations Used ABBREVIATION Refer to the next section for information on configuring the filter rules. 15.2.2 Configuring a Filter Rule To configure a filter rule, type its number in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary and press [ENTER] to open menu 21.1.1 for the rule.
Page 194: Figure 15-8 Menu 21.1.1.1 - Tcp/Ip Filter Rule
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No...
Page 195 Table 15-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD Port # Enter the destination port of the packets that you wish to filter. The range of this field is 0 to 65535. This field is ignored if it is 0. Port # Comp Select the comparison to apply to the destination port in the packet against the value given in Destination: Port #.
Page 196 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD Action Not Select the action for a packet not matching the rule. Matched Press [SPACE BAR] to select properties for fields that do not need to be typed in. When you have Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule configured, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm”...
Page 197: Figure 15-9 Executing An Ip Filter
Packet into IP Filter Filter Active? Apply SrcAddrMask to Src Addr Check Src IP Addr Matched Apply DestAddrMask to Dest Addr Check Dest IP Addr Matched Check IP Protocol Matched Check Src & Dest Port Matched More? Action Matched Drop Forward Drop Packet Figure 15-9 Executing an IP Filter...
Page 198: Generic Filter Rule
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 15.2.4 Generic Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a generic filter rule. The purpose of generic rules is to allow you to filter non-IP packets. For IP, it is generally easier to use the IP rules directly. For generic rules, the ZyWALL treats a packet as a byte stream as opposed to an IP or IPX packet.
Page 199: Table 15-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields
Table 15-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD Filter # This is the filter set, filter rule co-ordinates, i.e., 2,3 refers to the second filter set and the third rule of that set. Filter Type Use [SPACE BAR] to select a rule type. Parameters displayed below each type will be different.
Page 200: Example Filter
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD Once you have completed filling in Menu 21.4.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel. This data will now be displayed on Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary.
Page 201: Figure 15-12 Example Filter - Menu 21.1.3.1
Step 3. Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press [ENTER]. Step 4. Press [ENTER] at the message [Press ENTER to confirm] to open Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary. Step 5. Enter 1 to configure the first filter rule (the only filter rule of this set). Make the entries in this menu as shown in the following figure.
Page 202: Figure 15-13 Example Filter Rules Summary — Menu 21.1.3
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway When you press [ENTER] to confirm, you will see the following screen. Note that there is only one filter rule in this set. Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary # A Type - - ---- --------------------------------------------------------------- - - - 1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=23 Enter Filter Rule Number (1-6) to Configure: 1...
Page 203: Filter Types And Nat
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 15.4 Filter Types and NAT There are two classes of filter rules, Generic Filter (Device) rules and Protocol Filter (TCP/IP) rules. Generic Filter rules act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. Protocol Filter rules act on the IP packets. Generic and TCP/IP filter rules are discussed in more detail in the next section.
Page 204: Applying A Filter And Factory Defaults
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 15.6 Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults This section shows you where to apply the filter(s) after you design it (them). Sets of factory default filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls, and block incoming telnet, FTP and HTTP connections.
Page 205: Figure 15-16 Filtering Remote Node Traffic
numbers separated by commas. The factory default filter set, NetBIOS_WAN, can be applied in menu 11.5 to block local NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls to the ISP (when you are using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation only). Enter 1 in protocol filters under Output Filter Sets when using Ethernet encapsulation, and in the protocol filters field under Call Filter Sets when using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation.
Page 207: Chapter 16 Snmp Configuration
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 16 SNMP Configuration This chapter discusses SNMP for network management and monitoring. 16.1 About SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network.
Page 208: Figure 16-1 Snmp Management Model
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 16-1 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyWALL). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP.
Page 209: Supported Mibs
Table 16-1 General SNMP Commands COMMAND Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
Page 210: Snmp Traps
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway SNMP: Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 0.0.0.0 Trap: Community= public Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 16-2 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration The following table describes the SNMP configuration parameters. Table 16-2 SNMP Configuration Menu Fields FIELD Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get-...
Page 211: Table 16-3 Snmp Traps
TRAP # TRAP NAME coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL- MIB) For intentional reboot : For fatal error : SNMP ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 16-3 SNMP Traps DESCRIPTION A trap is sent after booting (power on).
Page 213: Chapter 17 System Information & Diagnosis
System Information & Diagnosis This chapter covers the diagnostic tools that help you to maintain your ZyWALL. These tools include updates on system status, port status, log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software. Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance, as shown below. Figure 17-1 Menu 24 —...
Page 214: Figure 17-2 Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. In this menu, enter 1 to open System Maintenance - Status. Step 3. There are three commands in Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status. Entering 1 drops the WAN connection, 9 resets the counters and [ESC] takes you back to the previous screen. Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status Port Status...
Page 215: System Information And Console Port Speed
Table 17-1 System Maintenance — Status Menu Fields FIELD Cols The number of collisions on this port. Tx B/s Shows the transmission speed in Bytes per second on this port. Rx B/s Shows the reception speed in Bytes per second on this port. Up Time Total amount of time the line has been up.
Page 216: System Information
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.2 - System Information and Console Port Speed Figure 17-3 Menu 24.2 — System Information and Console Port Speed 17.2.1 System Information System Information gives you information about your system as shown below. More specifically, it gives you information on your routing protocol, Ethernet address, IP address, etc.
Page 217: Console Port Speed
Table 17-2 Fields in System Maintenance — Information FIELD IP Address This is the IP address of the ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation. IP Mask This shows the IP mask of the ZyWALL. DHCP This field shows the DHCP setting of the ZyWALL. When finished viewing, press [ESC] or [ENTER] to exit.
Page 218: Figure 17-6 Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log And Trace
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Select option 24 from the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Step 2. From menu 24, select option 3 to open Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace. Step 3.
Page 219: Unix Syslog
17.3.2 UNIX Syslog The ZyWALL uses the UNIX syslog facility to log the CDR (Call Detail Record) and system messages to a syslog server. Syslog and accounting can be configured in Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting, as shown next. Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX Syslog and Accounting Syslog: Active= No...
Page 220 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 17-3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters PARAMETER Filter log No filters are logged when this field is set to No. Filters with the individual filter Log Filter field set to Yes (Menu 21.x.x).) are logged when this field is set to Yes. PPP events are logged when this field is set to Yes.
Page 221 Data: We will send forty-eight Hex characters to the server Jul 19 11:28:39 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374 Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b Jul 19 11:29:06 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=45000028240140001f06ac12c0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b451d1430135004000077600000 3. Filter log Filter log Message Format SdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );...
Page 222: Call-Triggering Packet
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 4. PPP log PPP Log Message Format sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PPPLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = ppp:Proto Starting / ppp:Proto Opening / ppp:Proto Closing / ppp:Proto Shutdown Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP / IPXCP Jul 19 11:42:44 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:LCP Closing Jul 19 11:42:49 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:IPCP Closing...
Page 223: Diagnostic
IP Frame: ENET0-RECV Size: Frame Type: IP Header: IP Version Header Length Type of Service Total Length Identification Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source IP Destination IP TCP Header: Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number Ack Number Header Length Flags Window Size...
Page 224: Wan Dhcp
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic TCP/IP Ping Host WAN DHCP Release WAN DHCP Renewal Internet Setup Test System 11. Reboot System Figure 17-10 Menu 24.4 — System Maintenance — Diagnostic Follow the procedure below to get to Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance – Diagnostic. Step 1.
Page 225: Figure 17-11 Wan & Lan Dhcp
Figure 17-11 WAN & LAN DHCP The following table describes the diagnostic tests available in menu 24.4 for your ZyWALL and associated connections. Table 17-4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic FIELD Ping Host WAN DHCP Release WAN DHCP Renewal Internet Setup Test Reboot System Host IP Address= Enter the number of the selection you would like to perform or press [ESC] to cancel.
Page 227: Chapter 18 Firmware And Configuration Maintenance
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 18 Firmware and Configuration Maintenance This chapter tells you how to back up and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and a new configuration file. 18.1 Filename Conventions The configuration file (often called the romfile or rom-0) contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password, DHCP Setup, TCP/IP Setup, etc.
Page 228: Backup Configuration
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway you have uploaded the correct firmware version. The AT command is the command you enter after you press “y” when prompted in the SMT menu to go into debug mode. Table 18-1 Filename Conventions FILE TYPE INTERNAL NAME Configuration Rom-0...
Page 229: Using The Ftp Command From The Command Line
Menu 24.5 - System Maintenance - Backup Configuration To transfer the configuration file to your workstation, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.
Page 230: Gui-Based Ftp Clients
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp>...
Page 231: Backup Configuration Using Tftp
• There is an SMT console session running. • The firewall is active. The default firewall policies block all traffic from the WAN, so to enable TFTP over the WAN, you must turn the firewall off (menu 21.2) or create a firewall rule to allow TFTP from the WAN.
Page 232: Gui-Based Tftp Clients
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway TFTP [-i] host get rom-0 config.rom where “i” specifies binary image transfer mode (use this mode when transferring binary files), “host” is the ZyWALL IP address, “get” transfers the file source on the ZyWALL (rom-0 name of the configuration file on the ZyWALL) to the file destination on the computer and renames it config.rom.
Page 233: Restore Configuration
Step 2. The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started. You can enter ctrl-x to terminate operation any time. Starting XMODEM download... Figure 18-4 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen.
Page 234: Restore Using Ftp Or Tftp
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FTP is the preferred methods for restoring your current computer configuration to your ZyWALL since it is faster. Please note that you must wait for the system to automatically restart after the file transfer is complete.
Page 235: Restore Using Ftp Session Example
Step 3. Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. Step 4. Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). Step 5. Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. Step 6. Find the “rom” file (on your computer) that you want to restore to your ZyWALL. Step 7.
Page 236: Uploading Firmware And Configuration Files
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Starting XMODEM download (CRC mode) ... CCCCCCCCC Figure 18-10 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen. Figure 18-11 Restore Configuration Example Step 4.
Page 237: Firmware File Upload
DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL. 18.4.1 Firmware File Upload FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. When you telnet into the ZyWALL, you will see the following screens for uploading firmware and the configuration file using FTP.
Page 238: Ftp File Upload Command From The Command Line Example
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File To upload the system configuration file, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.
Page 239: Ftp Session Example Of Firmware File Upload
18.4.4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> put firmware.bin ras 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 1103936 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec.
Page 240: Tftp Upload Command Example
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 5. Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the ZyWALL and the computer. The file name for the firmware is “ras”. Note that the telnet connection must be active and the ZyWALL in CI mode before and during the TFTP transfer.
Page 241: Example Xmodem Firmware Upload Using Hyperterminal
Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To upload System firmware: 1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode. 2. Enter "atur" after "Enter Debug Mode" message. 3. Wait for "Starting XMODEM upload" message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal.
Page 242: Uploading A Configuration File Via Console Port
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 18.4.10 Uploading a Configuration File Via Console Port Step 1. Select 2 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File. Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen.
Page 243: Figure 18-19 Example Xmodem Upload
Figure 18-19 Example Xmodem Upload After the configuration upload process has completed, restart the ZyWALL by entering “atgo”. Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol.
Page 245: Chapter 19 System Maintenance & Information
System Maintenance & Information 19.1 Command Interpreter Mode The Command Interpreter (CI) is a part of the main system firmware. The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT, while adding some low-level setup and diagnostic functions. Enter the CI from the SMT by selecting menu 24.8.
Page 246: Call Control Support
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ras> ? Valid commands are: exit pptp bridge ras> 19.2 Call Control Support The ZyWALL provides two call control functions: budget management and call history. Please note that this menu is only applicable when Encapsulation is set to PPPoE or PPTP in menu 4 or menu 11.1.
Page 247: Figure 19-4 Budget Management
Remote Node Connection Time/Total Budget 1. ChangeMe No Budget Reset Node (0 to update screen): Figure 19-4 Budget Management The total budget is the time limit on the accumulated time for outgoing calls to a remote node. When this limit is reached, the call will be dropped and further outgoing calls to that remote node will be blocked. After each period, the total budget is reset.
Page 248: Call History
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 19.2.2 Call History This is the second option in Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control. It displays information about past incoming and outgoing calls. Enter 2 from Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control to bring up the following menu.
Page 249: Time And Date Setting
19.3 Time and Date Setting The ZyWALL has a Real Time Chip (RTC) that keeps track of the time and date. There is also a software mechanism to set the time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyWALL.
Page 250: Figure 19-7 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance - Time And Date Setting
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.10 - System Maintenance - Time and Date Setting Use Time Server when Bootup= None Time Server IP Address= N/A Current Time: New Time (hh:mm:ss): Current Date: New Date (yyyy-mm-dd): Time Zone= GMT+0800 Daylight Saving= No Start Date (mm-dd): End Date (mm_dd): Figure 19-7 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance —...
Page 251: Resetting The Time
Table 19-3 Time and Date Setting Fields FIELD Daylight Saving If you use daylight savings time, then choose Yes. Start Date If using daylight savings time, enter the month and day that it starts on. End Date If using daylight savings time, enter the month and day that it ends on Once you have filled in this menu, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel“...
Page 253: Chapter 20 Remote Management
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 20 Remote Management This chapter covers remote management found in SMT menu 24.11. 20.1 Telnet The only way to configure the ZyWALL for remote management is through an SMT session using the console port. Once your ZyWALL is configured, you can use telnet to configure it remotely as shown next. Figure 20-1 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network 20.2 FTP You can upload and download ZyWALL firmware and configuration files using FTP - please see Chapter...
Page 254: Web
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 20.3 Web You can use the ZyWALL’s embedded web configurator for configuration and file management. See the Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator chapter for an introduction to the web configurator. 20.4 Remote Management Remote management control is for managing Telnet, Web and FTP services. You can customize the service port, access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility.
Page 255: Remote Management Limitations
Table 20-1 Menu 24.11 – Remote Management Control FIELD TELNET Server These read-only labels denote the kind of server that you may FTP Server remotely manage. Web Server Server Port You may change the service port number for corresponding services in this field. Server Access Select the access interface (if any) by pressing [SPACE BAR], then [ENTER] to choose from: LAN only, WAN only, ALL or Disable.
Page 256: Remote Management And Nat
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway There is a web remote management session running with a Telnet session. A Telnet session will be disconnected if you begin a web session; it will not begin if there already is a web session. 20.5 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled: Use the ZyWALL’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
Page 257: Call Scheduling And Vpn/Ipsec
Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V: Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V provides information about Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec.
Page 259: Chapter 21 Call Scheduling
Call scheduling allows you to dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. 21.1 Introduction The call scheduling feature allows the ZyWALL to manage a remote node and dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. This feature is to the scheduler in a video cassette recorder (you can record programs you want during a time that is specified by you).
Page 260: Figure 21-2 Schedule Set Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway You can design up to twelve schedule sets but you can only apply up to four schedule sets for a remote node. To delete a schedule set, enter the set number and press [SPACE BAR] or [DELETE] in the Edit Name field.
Page 261 Table 21-1 Schedule Set Setup Fields FIELD How Often Should this schedule set recur weekly or be used just once only? Press [SPACE BAR] to toggle between Once and Weekly. Both these options are mutually exclusive. If Once is selected, then all weekday settings are N/A.
Page 262: Figure 21-3 Applying Schedule Set(S) To A Remote Node (Pppoe)
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Encapsulation= PPPoE Service Type= Standard Service Name= Outgoing= My Login= My Password= ******** Authen= CHAP/PAP Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 21-3 Applying Schedule Set(s) to a Remote Node (PPPoE) You can apply up to 4 schedule sets, separated by commas, for one remote node.
Page 263: Introduction
22.1 Introduction 22.1.1 VPN A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control and auditing technologies/services used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite for communication.
Page 264: Vpn Applications
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 22-1 Encryption and Decryption Data Confidentiality The IPSec sender can encrypt packets before transmitting them across a network. Data Integrity The IPSec receiver can validate packets sent by the IPSec sender to ensure that the data has not been altered during transmission.
Page 265: Ipsec Architecture
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 22-2 VPN Application 22.2 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows. Introduction to IPSec 22-3...
Page 266: Ipsec Algorithms
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 22-3 IPSec Architecture 22.2.1 IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms). The Encryption Algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES algorithms.
Page 267: Encapsulation
22.3 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode. Figure 22-4 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation 22.3.1 Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet. In Transport mode, the IP packet contains the security protocol (AH or ESP) located after the original IP header and options, but before any upper layer protocols contained in the packet (such as TCP and UDP).
Page 268: Table 22-1 Vpn And Nat
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn't match.
Page 269: Chapter 23 Vpn/Ipsec Setup
23.1 VPN/IPSec Setup The VPN/IPSec main SMT menu has three main submenus. Define VPN policies in menu 27.1 submenus, including security policies, endpoint IP addresses, peer IPSec router IP address and key management. Menu 27.2 - SA Monitor allows you to manage (refresh or disconnect) your SA connections. View the IPSec connection log in menu 27.4.
Page 270: Ipsec Algorithms
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 1. IPSec Summary 2. SA Monitor 3. View IPSec Log Figure 23-2 Menu 27 — VPN/IPSec Setup 23.2 IPSec Algorithms The ESP and AH protocols are necessary to create a Security Association (SA), the foundation of an IPSec VPN.
Page 271: Ipsec Summary
Select DES for minimal security and 3DES for maximum. DES (default) Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a widely used method of data encryption using a private (secret) key. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. 3DES Triple DES (3DES) is a variant of DES, which iterates three times with three separate keys (3 x 56 = 168 bits), effectively doubling the strength of DES.
Page 272: Figure 23-4 Telecommuter's Zywall Configuration
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway My IP Addr is the (initiator) ZyWALL WAN IP address. If this field is configured as 0.0.0.0, then the ZyWALL will use the current ZyWALL WAN IP address (static or dynamic) to set up the VPN tunnel. If the My IP Addr changes after setup, then the VPN tunnel will have to be rebuilt again.
Page 273: Figure 23-5 Hq Zywall Configuration
Figure 23-5 HQ ZyWALL Configuration The Secure Gateway IP Address may be configured as 0.0.0.0 only when using IKE key negotiation and not Manual key negotiation. A ZyWALL with Secure Gateway IP Address set to 0.0.0.0 may receive multiple VPN connection requests using the same VPN rule at the same time.
Page 274: Table 23-3 Menu 27.1 - Ipsec Summary
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 23-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD This is the VPN policy index number. Name This field displays the unique identification name for this VPN rule. The name may be up to 32 characters long but only 10 characters will be displayed here.
Page 275: Ipsec Setup
Table 23-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD commands. Select None and then press [ENTER] to go to the “Press ENTER to Confirm…” prompt. Use Edit to create or edit a rule. Use Delete to remove a rule. To edit or delete a rule, first make sure you are on the correct page.
Page 276: Figure 23-7 Menu 27.1.1 — Ipsec Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1 – IPSec Setup Index= 1 Name= Taiwan Active= Yes My IP addr= 0.0.0.0 Secure Gateway IP Addr= 10.12.134.2 Protocol= 0 Local: IP Addr Start= 192.168.1.35 Port Start= 0 Remote: IP Addr Start= 172.16.2.40 Port Start= 0 Enable Replay Detection = No Key Management= IKE...
Page 277 Table 23-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD Secure This is the WAN IP address of the IPSec router with which you’re making Gateway IP the VPN connection. If the peer has a dynamic WAN IP address, set this Addr field to 0.0.0.0.
Page 278: Ike Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 23-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes or No. Choose Yes and press [ENTER] to enable replay detection. Press [SPACE BAR] to choose either IKE or Manual and then press Management [ENTER].
Page 279: Negotiation Mode
Figure 23-8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must: Choose a negotiation mode Authenticate the connection by entering a pre-shared key Choose an encryption algorithm Choose an authentication algorithm Choose a Diffie-Hellman public-key cryptography key group (DH1 or DH2). Set the IKE SA lifetime.
Page 280: Pre-Shared Key
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Aggressive Mode is quicker than Main Mode because it eliminates several steps when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication (phase 1). However the trade-off is that faster speed limits its negotiating power and it also does not provide identity protection. It is useful in remote access situations where the address of the initiator is not know by the responder and both parties want to use pre-shared key authentication.
Page 281: Figure 23-9 Menu
Phase 1 Negotiation Mode= Main Pre-Shared Key= Encryption Algorithm = DES Authentication Algorithm = SHA1 SA Life Time (Seconds)= 0 Key Group= DH1 Phase 2 Active Protocol Encryption Algorithm Authentication Algorithm SA Life Time (Seconds)[0: unspecified]= 0 Encapsulation Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)= None Figure 23-9 Table 23-5 FIELD...
Page 282: Table 23-5 Menu 27.1.1.1 - Ike Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 23-5 FIELD Authentication MD5 (Message Digest 5) and SHA1 (Secure Hash Algorithm) are hash Algorithm algorithms used to authenticate packet data. The SHA1 algorithm is generally considered stronger than MD5, but is slightly slower. Press [SPACE BAR] to choose from SHA1 or MD5 and then press [ENTER].
Page 283: Manual Setup
23.5 Manual Setup You only configure Menu 27.1.1.2 – Manual Setup when you select Manual in the Key Management field in Menu 27.1.1 – IPSec Setup. Manual key management is useful if you have problems with IKE key management. 23.5.1 Active Protocol This field is a combination of mode and security protocols used for the VPN.
Page 284: Figure 23-10 Menu 27.1.1.2 - Manual Setup
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1.2 – Manual Setup Active Protocol= ESP Tunnel ESP Setup SPI= Encryption Algorithm= DES Key1= Key2= Key3= Authentication Algorithm= MD5 Key= N/A AH Setup SPI (Decimal)= N/A Authentication Algorithm= N/A Key= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 23-10 Menu 27.1.1.2 —...
Page 285 Table 23-7 Menu 27.1.1.2 — Manual Setup FIELD Authentication Press [SPACE BAR] to choose from MD5 or SHA1 and then press Algorithm [ENTER]. Key Enter the authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable. The key must be unique. Enter 16 characters for MD5 authentication and 20 characters for SHA-1 authentication.
Page 287: Chapter 24 Sa Monitor
This chapter teaches you how to manage your SAs by using the SA Monitor in SMT menu 27.2. 1.1. Introduction A Security Association (SA) is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. This menu (shown next) displays active VPN connections. An SA times out automatically after one minute if there is no traffic.
Page 288 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 24-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor FIELD Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy. This name is unique for each connection where the secure gateway IP address is a public static IP address. When the secure gateway IP address is 0.0.0.0 (as discussed in the last chapter), there may be different connections using this the same VPN rule.
Page 289: Chapter 25 Ipsec Log
To view the IPSec and IKE connection log, type 3 in menu 27 and press [ENTER] to display the IPSec log as shown next. The following figure shows a typical log from the initiator of a VPN connection. Index: Date/Time: ------------------------------------------------------------ 01 Jan 08:02:22 01 Jan 08:02:22...
Page 290: Table 25-1 Sample Ike Key Exchange Logs
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway This menu is useful for troubleshooting. A log index number, the date and time the log was created and a log message are displayed. Double exclamation marks (!!) denote an error or warning message. The following table shows sample log messages during IKE key exchange. Table 25-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE Cannot find outbound SA for rule <#d>...
Page 291: Table 25-2 Sample Ipsec Logs During Packet Transmission
Table 25-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE !! Local / remote IPs of incoming request conflict with rule <#d> !! Invalid IP <IP start>/<IP end> !! Remote IP <IP start> / <IP end> conflicts !! Active connection allowed exceeded !! IKE Packet Retransmit !! Failed to send IKE Packet !! Too many errors! Deleting SA...
Page 292: Table 25-3 Rfc-2408 Isakmp Payload Types
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 25-2 Sample IPSec Logs During Packet Transmission LOG MESSAGE !! Inbound packet decryption failed Rule <#d> idle time out, disconnect The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type.
Page 293: Troubleshooting, Appendices And Index
Troubleshooting, Appendices and Index Part VI: Troubleshooting, Appendices and Index This part provides Troubleshooting, followed by some Appendices and an Index.
Page 294: Chapter 26 Troubleshooting
This chapter covers potential problems and possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem. Please see our 26.1 Problems Starting Up the ZyWALL Table 26-1 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of your ZyWALL PROBLEM None of the LEDs are on when you turn on the ZyWALL.
Page 295: Problems With The Lan Interface
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway 26.2 Problems with the LAN Interface Table 26-2 Troubleshooting the LAN Interface PROBLEM Can’t ping any workstation on the LAN. 26.3 Problems with the WAN interface Table 26-3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM Cannot get WAN IP from the ISP. 26-2 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check the 10M/100M LEDs on the front panel.
Page 296: Problems With Internet Access
Table 26-3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM Can’t connect to a remote node or ISP. 26.4 Problems with Internet Access Table 26-4 Troubleshooting Internet Access PROBLEM Cannot access the Connect your cable / xDSL modem with the ZyWALL using appropriate cable. Internet.
Page 297: Table 26-6 Troubleshooting Remote Management
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-6 Troubleshooting Remote Management PROBLEM Cannot access the ZyWALL Refer to the Remote Management Limitations section for scenarios when from the LAN or WAN. remote management may not be possible. When NAT is enabled: Refer to the Problems with the LAN Interface section for instructions on checking your LAN connection.
Page 298: Appendix A The Big Picture
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix A The Big Picture The following figure gives an overview of how filtering, the firewall, VPN and NAT are related. Diagram 1 Big Picture — Filtering, Firewall, NAT and VPN The Big Picture...
Page 300: Appendix Bpppoe
PPPoE in Action An ADSL modem bridges a PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) from your PC to an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) that connects to a xDSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates (see the next figure). One PVC can support any number of PPP sessions from your LAN. PPPoE provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP.
Page 301: How Pppoe Works
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway How PPPoE Works The PPPoE driver makes the Ethernet appear as a serial link to the PC and the PC runs PPP over it, while the modem bridges the Ethernet frames to the Access Concentrator (AC). Between the AC and an ISP, the AC is acting as a L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator) and tunnels the PPP frames to the ISP.
Page 302: Appendix Cpptp
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix C PPTP What is PPTP? PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a Microsoft proprietary protocol (RFC 2637 for PPTP is informational only) to tunnel PPP frames. How can we transport PPP frames from a PC to a broadband modem over Ethernet? A solution is to build PPTP into the ANT (ADSL Network Termination) where PPTP is used only over the short haul between the PC and the modem over Ethernet.
Page 303 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway PPTP is very similar to L2TP, since L2TP is based on both PPTP and L2F (Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding). Conceptually, there are three parties in PPTP, namely the PNS (PPTP Network Server), the PAC (PPTP Access Concentrator) and the PPTP user.
Page 304 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway PPP Data Connection The PPP frames are tunneled between the PNS and PAC over GRE (General Routing Encapsulation, RFC 1701, 1702). The individual calls within a tunnel are distinguished using the Call ID field in the GRE header.
Page 305: Appendix D Hardware Specifications
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Power Specification MTBF Operation Temperature Ethernet Specification for Ethernet Specification for Console Port RS – 232 Pin 9 WAN/LAN Cable Pin Layout: Straight-Through (Switch) IRD + IRD - OTD + OTD - Hardware Specifications I/P AC 120V / 60Hz ; O/P DC 12V 1200 mA 100000 hrs 0º...
Page 306: Appendix E Important Safety Instructions
Important Safety Instructions The following safety instructions apply to the ZyWALL. Be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. The maximum recommended ambient temperature for the ZyWALL is 40º Celsius (104º Fahrenheit).Care must be taken to allow sufficient air circulation or space between units when the ZyWALL is installed inside a closed rack assembly.
Page 307 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway • Never install telephone jacks in wet location unless the jack is specially designed for wet location. • Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface. •...
Page 308: Appendix F Boot Commands
The BootModule AT commands execute from within the router’s bootup software, when debug mode is selected before the main system firmware (ZyNOS) is started. When you start up your ZyWALL, you are given a choice to go into debug mode by pressing a key at the prompt shown in the following screen. In debug mode you have access to a series of boot module commands, for example firmware) and (for uploading the configuration file).
Page 309 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway ======= Debug Command Listing ======= just answer OK ATHE print help ATBAx change baudrate. 1:38.4k, 2:19.2k, 3:9.6k 4:57.6k 5:115.2k ATENx,(y) set BootExtension Debug Flag (y=password) ATSE show the seed of password generator ATTI(h,m,s) change system time to hour:min:sec or show current time ATDA(y,m,d) change system date to year/month/day or show current date ATDS...
Page 310: Appendix G Firewall Cli Commands
The following table describes the syntax used to configure your firewall using Command Line Interface (CLI) commands. Select Menu 24.8 - Command Interpreter Mode from the main menu to go into CLI mode. For details on other CLI commands to configure your ZyWALL, please consult the included disk. FUNCTION CLI SYNTAX config edit firewall active <yes...
Page 311 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION CLI SYNTAX config edit firewall e-mail email-to <e-mail address> config edit firewall e-mail policy <full | hourly | daily | weekly> config edit firewall e-mail day <sunday | monday | tuesday | wednesday | thursday | friday | saturday>...
Page 312 FUNCTION CLI SYNTAX config edit firewall attack tcp- max-incomplete <0-255> config edit firewall set <set #> name <desired name> Config edit firewall set <set #> default-permit <forward | block> Config edit firewall set <set #> icmp-timeout <seconds> Config edit firewall set <set #> udp-idle-timeout <seconds>...
Page 313 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION CLI SYNTAX rule <rule #> alert <yes | no> config edit firewall set <set #> rule <rule #> srcaddr-single <ip address> config edit firewall set <set #> rule <rule #> srcaddr-subnet <ip address> <subnet mask> config edit firewall set <set #>...
Page 314 FUNCTION CLI SYNTAX config edit firewall set <set #> rule <rule #> UDP destport-single <port #> config edit firewall set <set #> rule <rule #> UDP destport-range <start port #> <end port #> config edit firewall set<set #> rule <rule #> destport-custom <desired custom port name>...
Page 315: Appendix H Power Adapter Specifications
ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Power Adapter Specifications North America AC Power Adapter model AD48-1201200DUY Input power: AC120Volts/60Hz/0.25A Output power: DC12Volts/1.2A Power consumption: 10 W Plug: North American standards Safety standards: UL, CUL (UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No.234-M90) AC Power Adapter model AD48-1201200DUY Input power: AC120Volts/60Hz Output power: DC12Volts/1.2A Power consumption: 9 W...
Page 316 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Plug: European Union standards Safety standards: TUV, CE (EN 60950) AC Power Adapter model AD-1201200DK Input power: AC230Volts/50Hz/0.2A Output power: DC12Volts/1.2A Power consumption: 10 W Plug: United Kingdom standards Safety standards: TUV, CE (EN 60950, BS7002) Japan AC Power Adapter model JOD-48-1124 Input power: AC100Volts/ 50/60Hz/ 27VA...
Page 318: Index
Action for Matched Packets ... 10-11 Activate The Firewall... 13-3 Alert Schedule... 9-5 Application-level Firewalls... 7-1 Applications for the ZyWALL 10... 1-4 AT command... 18-2 Attack Reasons... 12-2 Attack Alert...9-7, 9-9 Attack Types ... 7-6 Reason ... 8-3 Authentication ...4-4, 4-5 auto-negotiation ...
Page 319 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway Types... 7-4 DoS (Denial of Service) ... 1-1 Dynamic DNS ... 4-1 E-mail Log Example... 9-6 Mail Server ... 9-5 Mail Subject ... 9-5 Tab ... 9-4 E-mail Alerts ... 9-5 E-mail Screen ... 13-4 Encapsulation PPP over Ethernet ...C Ethernet Encapsulation...
Page 320 IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) ... 5-4 Initial Screen ... 3-1 Installation Requirements ... 2-5 Internet Access Setup...6-1, 6-6, 26-2 Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem ... 1-4 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ... See IANA Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ... 7-6 IP address...5-3, 5-7 IP Address Assignment...4-7, 4-9 IP Alias...1-2, 5-5...
Page 321 ZyWALL 50 Internet Security Gateway PPTP Encapsulation...1-2, 6-2, 4-5, 4-8 Private ...5-3, 5-4, 4-8, 4-10, 5-3 Private IP Addresses ... 5-3 Read Me First ... xxxi Rear Panel... 2-2, 2-3 Related Documentation ... xxxi Relay ... 5-6 Remote Management Firewall ... 8-1 Remote Management Limitations ...
Page 322 TCP Maximum Incomplete... 9-8, 9-9, 9-11, 9-11 TCP Security... 7-10 TCP/IP 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-7, 4-7, 4-10, 7-3, 7-4, 15-7, 15-8, 15-10, 15-13, 15-17, 20-1 TCP/IP filter rule... 15-7 Teardrop ... 7-4 Telnet... 20-1 Telnet Configuration... 20-1 Telnet Under NAT ... 20-1 TFTP and FTP over WAN Will Not Work When….

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Zw50

ZyXEL Communications ZyXEL ZyWALL 50 User Manual

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Zywall

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation

Chapter 3 Initial Setup

Chapter 4 General and WAN Setup

Chapter 5 LAN Setup

Chapter 6 Internet Access

Chapter 7 Firewalls

Chapter 8 Introducing the Zywall Firewall

Chapter 9 Using the Zywall Web Configurator

Chapter 10 Creating Custom Rules

Chapter 11 Custom Ports

Chapter 12 Logs

Chapter 13 Example Firewall Rules

Chapter 14 Content Filtering

Quick Links

Troubleshooting

Related Manuals for ZyXEL Communications ZyXEL ZyWALL 50

Summary of Contents for ZyXEL Communications ZyXEL ZyWALL 50