Configuring Rip; Overview; Rip Route Entries; Routing Loop Prevention - HP 5500 EI series Configuration Manual

Configuring RIP

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector IGP suited to small-sized networks. It employs UDP
to exchange route information through port 520.

Overview

RIP uses a hop count to measure the distance to a destination. The hop count from a router to a directly
connected network is 0. The hop count from a router to a directly connected router is 1. To limit
convergence time, RIP restricts the metric range from 0 to 15. A destination with a metric value of 16 (or
greater) is considered unreachable. For this reason, RIP is not suitable for large-sized networks.

RIP route entries

RIP stores routing entries in a database. Each routing entry contains the following elements:
Destination address—IP address of a destination host or a network.
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• Next hop—IP address of the next hop.
Egress interface—Egress interface of the route.
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Metric—Cost from the local router to the destination.
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Route time—Time elapsed since the last update. The time is reset to 0 when the routing entry is
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updated.
Route tag—Used for route control. For more information, see "Configuring routing policies."
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Routing loop prevention

RIP uses the following mechanisms to prevent routing loops:
Counting to infinity—A destination with a metric value of 16 is considered unreachable. When a
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routing loop occurs, the metric value of a route will increment to 16 to avoid endless looping.
Triggered updates—RIP immediately advertises triggered updates for topology changes to reduce
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the possibility of routing loops and to speed up convergence.
Split horizon—Disables RIP from sending routing information on the interface from which the
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information was learned to prevent routing loops and save bandwidth.
Poison reverse—Enables RIP to set the metric of routes received from a neighbor to 16 and sends
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these routes back to the neighbor so the neighbor can delete such information from its routing table
to prevent routing loops.

RIP operation

RIP works as follows:
1. RIP sends request messages to neighboring routers. Neighboring routers return response
messages that contain their routing tables.
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