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setup See black level.
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers. A professional society
of motion picture and television engineers
that prepares standards and documentation for
television production.
spatial redundancy reduction See
intra-frame compression.
striping a tape Preparing a tape for
editing by recording continuous control track,
time code, and a video signal (such as black
or color bars).
super See graphics overlay.
super black Video that is darker than the
standard black level. See also super white.
super white Video that is brighter than the
standard white level. See also super black.
SVCD Super Video CD. A standard for
storing video and audio on a CD that provides
better video quality than VCD and standard
VHS. Video is compressed using MPEG-2 at
2500 Kbps, and audio is compressed as
MPEG-1, layer II, at 224 Kbps. An SVCD
can hold about 30 minutes of material. Super
Video CDs will play back on some DVD
set-top players.
S-Video A component video signal in
which the luminance (Y) and chrominance
(C) information are separate. S-VHS
videocassette recorders use the S-Video
format. Also called Y/C video.
sync A circuit or signal that directs the
electron gun in a camera or TV picture tube to
hold a picture steady on the screen. It also
synchronizes the electronics of other video
equipment.
sync generator An electrical device that
generates sync (timing) signals used to
Appendix D, Matrox Axio Glossary
synchronize video equipment and keep
pictures stable on the screen.
T
TBC See time base corrector.
telecine process A process that transfers
film (negative or positive) to SD or HD video
tape. The telecine process shines a light
source through each frame, converting the
optical images to an electronic signal that is
then recorded to video tape.
temporal redundancy reduction See
inter-frame compression.
time base corrector (TBC) An
electronic device that, when connected to the
output of a VTR, corrects the stability and
timing of the VTR's playback video. This is
achieved by stripping the unstable horizontal
and vertical sync pulses from the video signal,
and replacing them with new, clean sync
pulses.
time code A sequential code number
assigned to successive video frames on tape.
Each frame has its own time code, which is
electronically encoded on the tape in the form
hours:minutes:seconds:frames. See also
drop-frame time code, LTC, and VITC.
timeline The graphical representation
(normally a horizontal line) of a video
sequence. It is usually divided into
hours:minutes:seconds:frames, and is used to
position video, audio, graphics, and video
effects that make up the sequence.
tonal range The range of light and dark
areas in an image. Tonal range can be divided
into three different areas: shadows, midtones,
and highlights. Shadows are the darkest areas
of an image, highlights are the lightest areas,
and midtones are the areas with tones
between the lightest and darkest areas.
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