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Keysight X Series Manual

Signal analyzers n9077a & w9077a wlan measurement application measurement guide
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Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following models:
PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A
MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A
EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A
CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A
N9077A & W9077A
WLAN Measurement
Application
Measurement Guide

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Summary of Contents for Keysight X Series

  • Page 1 Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers This manual provides documentation for the following models: PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Measurement Guide...
  • Page 2 DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION reproduce, release, perform, CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD display, or disclose commercial KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT computer software or WITH WARRANTY TERMS commercial computer software COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS...
  • Page 3 To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL: http://www.keysight.com/find/MyKeysight Information on preventing instrument damage can be found at: www.keysight.com/find/PreventingInstrumentRepair Is your product software up-to-date? Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at: http://www.keysight.com/find/techsupport...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    1. About WLAN Measurement Application What Does the Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Do?..10 N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Licensing ..... . 12 2.
  • Page 6 Configuring the Measurement System ........78 Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 7 Modulation Analysis Measurement Concepts ....... . . 115 Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...
  • Page 8 IQ Waveform Measurement Concepts ........118 Keysight N6141A Measurement Guide...

  • Page 9: About Wlan Measurement Application

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Measurement Guide About WLAN Measurement Application This chapter provides overall information on the Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application and describes the measurements made by the analyzer.

  • Page 10: What Does The Keysight N9077A & W9077A Wlan Measurement Application Do

    About WLAN Measurement Application What Does the Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Do? What Does the Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Do? The Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN measurement application can be used to quickly ensure a product development conforms to regulatory requirements, as well as providing RF diagnostic and troubleshooting capability for a WLAN device.
  • Page 11 About WLAN Measurement Application What Does the Keysight N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Do? The WLAN measurement application also offers a List Sequence measurement for fast results on MXA and EXA with Option B40. This measurement is capable of providing multi-results on a sequence of multi-bursts at different frequency and different WLAN standards.

  • Page 12: N9077A & W9077A Wlan Measurement Application Licensing

    N9000A CXA W9077A-2FP 802.11a, b, g, j, p W9077A-2FP plus 802.11a, b, g, j, p, W9077A-3FP 802.11n (20 MHz only) W9077A-6FP 802.11ah The following table lists the recommended modulation analysis bandwidth options for the N/W9077A measurement application. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 13 802.11n 40 MHz measurement, you will get an error message. If you have installed N9077A-4FP/TP license and don’t install 160 MHz bandwidth hardware, when you make a 802.11ac 160 MHz measurement, you will get an error message. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 14 About WLAN Measurement Application N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Licensing Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 15: Making Wlan Measurements

    Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application Measurement Guide Making WLAN Measurements This chapter describes procedures to set up and perform measurements for analysis of WLAN signals. Details of the steps necessary for accurate signal analysis are provided as well.

  • Page 16: Introduction

    Before you can begin making measurements, make sure you have installed the required license. 1. Press Mode, and check to make sure that WLAN is available. 2. Press Meas, and check to make sure that all the measurements are available. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 17 “Troubleshooting WLAN Measurements” on page 85 For more information on how to make Channel Power measurement, Occupied Bandwidth measurement, Power Stat CCDF measurement, Spectrum Emission measurement, Spurious Emissions measurement, or Waveform measurement, please refer to Signal Analyzer Mode Measurement Guide. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 18: Setting Up And Making A Measurement

    To preset the parameters that are specific to an active, selected measurement, press Meas Setup, Meas Preset. This returns all the measurement setup parameters to the factory defaults, but only for the currently selected measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 19: The 3 Steps To Set Up And Make Measurements

    X-Scale and measurement data. Y-Scale adjustments may also be made now. A setting may be reset at any time, and will be in effect on the next measurement cycle or view. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 20 Select and set up a Meas Meas Setup Sweep/Control Restart measurement. Single Cont Select and set up a view of the View/Display SPAN X Scale Peak Search, Quick Save results. AMPTD Y Scale Save Recall File Print Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 21: Making Channel Power Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 22: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    1 MHz integration bandwidth. For more information on what these data are, see the N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application User’s and Programmer’s Reference. Click to Go Back to “Making Channel Power Measurements” on page Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 23: Example Of One-Button-Measurement - Channel Power

    If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Channel Power measurement CONF:CHP Get the measurement result Channel Power (dBm). READ:CHP:CHP? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 24: Making Occupied Bandwidth Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 25: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    — x dB Bandwidth If an asterisk is shown next to the x dB bandwid th value, you can optimize the results by sending SCPI command OBW:MAXH ON and selecting Trace/Detector, Detector, Peak and then make the measurement again. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 26: Example Of One-Button-Measurement - Occupied Bw

    Step 1. Press Mode Preset Step 2. Press Meas, Occupied BW Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-5). Figure 2-5 Occupied BW (Default View) If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 27: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    Making Occupied Bandwidth Measurements Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Occupied BW measurement CONF:OBW Get the measurement result bandwidth (Hz) occupied by a given percentage of the total mean power. READ:OBW:OBW? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 28: Making Power Stat Ccdf Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 29: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    SPAN X Scale c. Press and select the parameter you want to change then input your settings. MODE Setup Rad io Std 10. Select the desired radio a. Press standard. 802.11n 802.11n (40 MHz) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 30 12. Select the Power Stat CCDF Meas, Power Stat CCDF a. Press , or press measurement again or Restart restart the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 31: Viewing Power Stat Ccdf Measurement Results

    Step 2. Press Meas, Power Stat CCDF Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-7). Figure 2-7 Power Stat CCDF (Default View) If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 32: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    The total trigger offset that will be set for the CCDF measurement includes two parts: the hardware-caused trigger delay (25 µs) plus the training portion of the OFDM burst (16 µs). The user can read the hardware-caused trigger delay using marker function. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 33 (25 + 16 = 41 time plus training symbols. µs). Restart 11. Restart the Power Stat CCDF a. Press measurement. To measure the burst length, you can also use IQ Waveform measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 34 Making WLAN Measurements Making Power Stat CCDF Measurements Figure 2-8 Time-domain view of the 802.11a burst (to measure total length) Figure 2-9 Time-domain view of the 802.11a burst (to measure hardware delay) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 35 Making WLAN Measurements Making Power Stat CCDF Measurements Figure 2-10 CCDF measurement of the 802.11a burst Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 36: Making Spectrum Emission Mask Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 37: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    7. Select the spectrum Meas, Spectrum Emission Mask a. Press emission mask measurement Restart or press again or restart the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 38: Viewing Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement Results

    For more information on what these data are, see the N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application User’s and Programmer’s Reference. Click to Go Back to “Making Spectrum Emission Mask Measurements” on page Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 39: Example Of One-Button-Measurement - Spectrum Emission Mask

    Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Spectrum Emission Mask measurement CONF:SEM Get the 14 comma-separated pass/fail test results (0=passed, 1=failed) determined by testing the minimum margin point from the limit line. READ:SEM[7]? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 40: Optimizing 802.11Ac Sem Measurements

    GATE START line to the Figure 2-13 on page 41 Stop. See the rising edge of a burst. Gate Length b. Press and use Knob to move GATE STOP line to the falling edge of the same burst. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 41 11. Turn on Average Meas Setup Avg/Hold a. Press function to smooth the , and enter the average display, if necessary. number for your test, like Figure 2-13 Using RBW = 8 MHz to get accurate Gate settings Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 42 Making WLAN Measurements Making Spectrum Emission Mask Measurements Figure 2-14 Using RBW = 100 kHz to get accurate SEM measurement results Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 43: Making Spurious Emissions Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 44: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    Meas, Spurious Emissions 7. Select the spurious emissions a. Press , or measurement again or restart the Restart press measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 45: Viewing Spurious Emissions Measurement Results

    Step 1. Press Mode Preset Step 2. Press Meas, Spurious Emissions Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-16). Figure 2-16 Spurious Emissions (Default View) If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 46: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    Making WLAN Measurements Making Spurious Emissions Measurements Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Spurious Emissions measurement CONF:SPUR Get the measurement result the number of spurs found. READ:SPUR[22]? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 47: Making Power Vs Time Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 48: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    Meas, Power vs Time 7. Select the power vs time a. Press , or measurement again or restart Restart press the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 49: Viewing Power Vs Time Measurement Results

    This example assumes the signal is correctly applied to the input. Step 1. Press Mode Preset Step 2. Press Meas, Power vs Time Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-18). Figure 2-18 Power vs Time (Burst View - Default View) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 50: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Power Stat CCDF measurement CONF:PVT Get the measurement result waveform of full bust (the length is actual burst length). READ:PVT[4]? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 51: Making Spectral Flatness Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 52: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    , then enter the desired percentage times of 1/128. number to adjust the start of FFT part of a symbol time. 7. Select the spectral flatness Meas, Spectral Flatness a. Press , or press measurement again or Restart restart the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 53: Viewing Spectral Flatness Measurement Results

    Step 1. Press Mode Preset Step 2. Press Meas, Spectral Flatness Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-3). Figure 2-21 Spectral Flatness (Default View) If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 54: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    Making WLAN Measurements Making Spectral Flatness Measurements Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Spectral Flatness measurement CONF:FLAT Get the Spectral Flatness results of each section. READ:FLAT? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 55: Making Modulation Analysis Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 56: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    Meas, Mod ulation 9. Select the channel power a. Press measurement again or restart Analysis Restart , or press the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 57: Viewing Modulation Analysis Measurement Results

    — Demod Bits — Numeric Results — Preamble Freq Error vs. Time The measurement provides following views for 802.11n (20 MHz & 40 MHz): — IQ Measured Polar Graph — OFDM EVM — Demod Bits — Numeric Results Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 58: Example Of One-Button-Measurement - Modulation Analysis

    802.11n example signal, the Polar Vector view graph shows the constellation states for 64QAM. The data summary on the left side shows various error measurement results, including RMS EVM, Peak EVM, Pilot EVM, Data EVM, Freq Error, Symbol Clock Error and IQ Original Offset (CFL). Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 59 OFDM Data Burst Info window and the HT-Sig Info window. The Burst Info window shows the information about the analyzed burst. The HT-Sig shows the decode info on HT-Sig and L-Sig. Figure 2-24 Modulation Analysis (Burst Info & HT-Sig Info view) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 60 Making WLAN Measurements Making Modulation Analysis Measurements For the 802.11n example signal, the Demod Bits view should look like Figure 2-25 and shows the demodulated bits. Figure 2-25 Modulation Analysis (Demod Bits view) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 61 Making WLAN Measurements Making Modulation Analysis Measurements For the 802.11n example signal, the Numeric Results view should look like Figure 2-26 and shows a summary for the measurement result and information. Figure 2-26 Modulation Analysis (Numeric Results view) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 62 For the 802.11n example signal, the OFDM EVM view should look like Figure 2-27 and shows a combination of RMS EVM vs. Symbol window, RMS EVM vs. Subcarrier window, I/Q Measured Polar Graph window and Numeric Results window. Figure 2-27 Modulation Analysis (OFDM EVM view) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 63: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Channel Power measurement CONF:EVM Get the measurement result Demod Bits. READ:EVM[8]? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 64: Optimizing Evm Measurements

    For signals with power level around -20 dBm 1. Reduce the mechanical Mech Atten a. Press attenuator manually enter 0 dB. down to 0 dB. For signals with power level around -30 dBm Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 65: Calculating The Maximum Search Length For Multi-Burst Signals

    Calculating the maximum search length for multi-burst signals WLAN signals in time domain vary in length and spacing. The maximum search time length is dependent on IF bandwidth of hardware, using the following equation to calculate the maximum search length for multi-burst signals: Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 66 Max Number of Burst = 20 ms / 88 μs = 227 If any parameter of the WLAN signal is changed, like bandwidth, MCS, or data length, the frame duration will change and the max number of captured bursts will be changed accordingly. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 67: Making Wlan List Sequence (Wls) Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 68: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    Measurement Application User’s and Programmer’s Reference. Step 1. Set up the SCPI communication with the analyzer. The GPIB or LAN can be used for remote control. The Keysight I/O Library Suite is recommended for connecting the Keysight instruments to the PC and using the instruments from a measurement program.
  • Page 69 Step 5. Set up the measurement parameters: Table 2-5 SCPI Commands for WLS Measurement (4) SCPI Commands Notes WLS:TXP ON Turn on the measurements to be performed. Each measurement can be turned on or off WLS:TOSP ON separately. WLS:EVM ON Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 70 Figure 2-31 on page 72. You may set the parameters using SCPI or you can modify the value of each parameter by selecting the parameter then inputting the value using the mouse and front panel keys. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 71: Viewing Wls Measurement Results

    WLS (Result Metrics View) Pressing View/Display, Parameter List, you can see the available SCPI commands listed alphabetically for this measurement. You can verify and change values with DOWN/UP key from either the front panel or key board. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 72 WLS (Parameter Metrics View) For more information on what these data are, see the N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application User’s and Programmer’s Reference. Click to Go Back to “Making WLAN List Sequence (WLS) Measurements” on page Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 73: Example Of Making Wls Using Scpi Commands

    :TRIGger:WLSequence:RFBurst:SLOPe POSitive :TRIGger:WLSequence:VIDeo:SLOPe POSitive :TRIGger:WLSequence:EXTernal1:SLOPe POSitive :TRIGger:WLSequence:EXTernal1:LEVel 1.2V :TRIGger:WLSequence:EXTernal2:SLOPe POSitive :TRIGger:WLSequence:EXTernal2:LEVel 1.2V :WLSequence:POWer:ATTenuation 6dB :WLSequence:ASRLevels:PPMargin 5dB :WLSequence:CAPT:BURS:NUMB 12 :CALC:WLS:TXP:BURS:STAR 1 :CALC:WLS:TXP:BURS:STOP 12 :CALC:WLS:EVM:BURS:STAR 1 :CALC:WLS:EVM:BURS:STOP 12 :CALC:WLS:TOSP:BURS:STAR 1 :CALC:WLS:TOSP:BURS:STOP 12 WLS:ACQuire1:SETup AG,1.98GHz,-5dBm,-15dBm,20us,700us,1.436ms,EXT1,-40dBm,0us WLS:ACQuire2:SETup AG,1.983GHz,-5dBm,-15dBm,20us,700us,1.436ms,RFB,-40dBm,0us WLS:ACQuire3:SETup AG,1.986GHz,-5dBm,-15dBm,20us,700us,1.436ms,RFB,-40dBm,0us Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 74 WLS:ACQuire12:SETup AG,2.013GHz,-5dBm,-15dBm,20us,700us,1.436ms,RFB,-40dBm,0us WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:TIME:INTerval 60 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:SUBCarrier:SPACing 312.5kHz WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:GINTerval:LENGth 0.25 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:SYMBol:ADJust -3.125 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:STSequence SHORt :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:PILot:TRACk:AMPLitude OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:PILot:TRACk:PHASe ON :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:PILot:TRACk:TIMing OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:EQUalizer:TMODe SEQ :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:IQNorm ON WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:COMPensate OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard1:SPECtrum NORMal WLSequence:EVM:STANdard2:TIME:INTerval 2794 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard2:SUBCarrier:SPACing 312.5kHz WLSequence:EVM:STANdard2:GINTerval:LENGth 0.25 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard2:SYMBol:ADJust -3.125 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard2:STSequence SHORt Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 75 :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:PILot:TRACk:PHASe ON :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:PILot:TRACk:TIMing OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:EQUalizer:TMODe SEQ :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:IQNorm ON WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:COMPensate OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard3:SPECtrum NORMal WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:TIME:INTerval 60 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:SUBCarrier:SPACing 312.5kHz WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:GINTerval:LENGth 0.25 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:SYMBol:ADJust -3.125 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:STSequence SHORt :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:PILot:TRACk:AMPLitude OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:PILot:TRACk:PHASe ON :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:PILot:TRACk:TIMing OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:EQUalizer:TMODe SEQ :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:IQNorm ON WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:COMPensate OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard4:SPECtrum NORMal Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 76 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:GINTerval:LENGth 0.25 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:SYMBol:ADJust -3.125 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:STSequence SHORt :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:PILot:TRACk:AMPLitude OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:PILot:TRACk:PHASe ON :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:PILot:TRACk:TIMing OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:EQUalizer:TMODe SEQ :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:IQNorm ON WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:COMPensate OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard6:SPECtrum NORMal WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:TIME:INTerval 60 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:SUBCarrier:SPACing 312.5kHz WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:GINTerval:LENGth 0.25 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:SYMBol:ADJust -3.125 WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:STSequence SHORt :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:PILot:TRACk:AMPLitude OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:PILot:TRACk:PHASe ON :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:PILot:TRACk:TIMing OFF Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 77 Making WLAN Measurements Making WLAN List Sequence (WLS) Measurements :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:EQUalizer:TMODe SEQ :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:IQNorm ON WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:COMPensate OFF :CALCulate:WLSequence:EVM:STANdard7:SPECtrum NORMal :WLSequence:EVM:FILTer:REFerence:TYPE GAUSsian :WLSequence:EVM:FILTer:ALPHa 0.22 :WLSequence:EVM:FILTer:MEASurement:TYPE NONE :WLSequence:EVM:CRATe 11.0MHz :WLSequence:EVM:CADJust -0.5 :WLSequence:EVM:EQUalizer:LENGth 21 :WLSequence:EVM:EQUalizer OFF :WLSequence:EVM:DESCramble ALL *OPC? READ:WLS1? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 78: Making Monitor Spectrum Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 79: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    Meas, Monitor Spectrum 7. Select the monitor a. Press spectrum measurement Restart or press again or restart the measurement. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 80: Viewing Monitor Spectrum Measurement Results

    Step 1. Press Mode Preset Step 2. Press Meas, Monitor Spectrum Step 3. View the measurement default view. (See Figure 2-33). Figure 2-33 Monitor Spectrum (Default View) If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 81: Example Of Using Scpi Commands

    Making WLAN Measurements Making Monitor Spectrum Measurements Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the Monitor Spectrum measurement CONF:MON Get the measurement result trace 1 data with comma separated floating numbers. READ:MON? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 82: Making I/Q Waveform Measurements

    DUT to the trigger input of the analyzer. See the Input Key menu for details on selecting input ports, and the AMPTD Y Scale menu, for details on setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 83: Measurement Example Signal Settings

    RF signal and a text window showing the mean and peak-to-mean power results. For more information on what these data are, see the N9077A & W9077A WLAN Measurement Application User’s and Programmer’s Reference. Click to Go Back to “Making I/Q Waveform Measurements” on page Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 84: Example Of One-Button-Measurement - I/Q Waveform

    If you have a problem, and get an error message, see Instrument Messages. Example of Using SCPI Commands Select WLAN mode INST WLAN Select the I/Q Waveform measurement CONF:WAV Get the measurement result unprocessed I/Q trace data, as a series of trace point values in volts. READ:WAV[0]? Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 85: Troubleshooting Wlan Measurements

    Settings Alert; Parm/data mismatch The actual captured data length is not long enough, or, the offset from TxFrequency to center frequency is not an integer multiple of 1 MHz. For more information on error messages see Instrument Messages. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 86 Making WLAN Measurements Troubleshooting WLAN Measurements Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 87: Concepts

    This chapter describes the concepts and theory of WLAN signals and explains how the various measurements are performed by the instrument. Suggestions for optimizing and troubleshooting your setup are provided, along with a list of related Keysight documents that are referenced for further information.

  • Page 88: Introduction

    DSSS concepts and theories. — “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Concepts” on page 104 explains the OFDM concepts and theories. — “WLAN Measurement Concepts” on page 107 explains the WLAN measurement concepts and theories. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 89: Wlan Standards

    - QPSK - DQPSK - QPSK - QPSK - QPSK - 16 QAM - 16 QAM - 16 QAM - 16 QAM - 64 QAM - 64 QAM - 64 QAM - 64 QAM - 256 QAM Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 90 Table 3-2 802.11a Rate-dependent parameters Data rate Mod ulation Cod ing Coded bits per Coded bits Data bits (Mbps) rate (R) subcarrier per OFDM per OFDM (NBPSC) symbol symbol (NCBPS) (NDBPS) BPSK BPSK QPSK Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 91 Figure 3-1, “802.11a Spectrum View,” shows an 802.11 a signal burst. The spectrum is not very uniform. This is caused in part by the preambles, but mostly by the data being transmitted. Figure 3-1 802.11a Spectrum View Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 92 United States U-NII lower band 5180 (5.15 - 5.25) 5200 5220 5240 United States U-NII middle band 5260 (5.25 - 5.35) 5280 5300 5320 United States U-NII upper band 5745 (5.725 - 5.825) 5765 5785 5805 Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 93 802.11b bit rates, the preamble and header are sent at the 1 Mbps rate. The header is 192 µs long (192 bits). This translates to a total of 2112 chips. The payload data is then appended using one of the four modulation rates. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 94 Similar to the 802.11a, 802.11g OFDM modes map data symbols using BPSK and QPSK for lower data rates and QAM for faster bit rates. Figure 3-3 Example 802.11g (OFDM) modulation types (left to right: BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 64QAM) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 95 14.40 27.00 30.00 QPSK 19.50 21.70 40.50 45.00 16QAM 26.00 28.90 54.00 60.00 16QAM 39.00 43.30 81.00 90.00 64QAM 52.00 57.80 108.00 120.00 64QAM 58.50 65.00 121.50 135.00 64QAM 65.00 72.20 135.00 150.00 256QAM 86.7 256QAM Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 96 MHz BW 800 ns 400 ns (SGI) 800 ns 400 ns (SGI) BPSK 29.3 32.5 58.5 QPSK 58.5 QPSK 87.8 97.5 175.5 16QAM 16QAM 175.5 64QAM 64QAM 263.3 292.5 526.5 64QAM 292.5 256QAM 256QAM 433.3 866.7 Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 97: Digital Modulation Format Standards

    Families of Digital Modulation Formats WLAN Standard Carrier Type Modulation Format 802.11a OFDM BPSK QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM 802.11b DSSS DSSS 1 Mbps DSSS 2 Mbps CCK 5.5 Mbps CCK 11 Mbps PBCC 5.5 Mbps PBCC 11 Mbps Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 98 OFDM BPSK QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM 256 QAM To find out more about an individual format, see: — “Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Concepts” on page 99 — “Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Concepts” on page 99 Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 99 Q. The symbol rate is one fourth of the bit rate. So this modulation format produces a more spectrally efficient transmission. It is more efficient than BPSK, QPSK, or 8PSK. QPSK is practically the same as 4QAM. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 100 BPSK using only one eighth of the bandwidth. It is eight times more bandwidth efficient. However, there is a trade-off. The radio becomes more complex and is more susceptible to errors caused by noise and distortion. Error Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 101 QPSK has no intermediate states between the four corner-symbol locations, so there is less opportunity for the demodulator to misinterpret symbols. QPSK requires less transmitter power than QAM to achieve the same bit error rate. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 102: Spread Spectrum Concepts

    11 MHz. Thus all 8 chips are “used up” in (1/1.375) us - the time before another byte is ready. The other 2 bits are combined with the code in the QPSK modulator. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 103: Packet Binary Convolutional Coding (Pbcc)

    The four possible output states (00, 01, 10, 11) are mapped into two possible QPSK states (11 Mbps). A codeword controls how the chosen state alternates over time. The RF modulator is driven from this point. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 104: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Ofdm) Concepts

    The first is the Short training sequence, followed by a Long training sequence and finally by the Signal and Data symbols. From a RF standpoint, the Signal symbol and the rest of the OFDM symbols are similar. Figure 3-9 OFDM training structure Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 105: Mimo (Multi Input Multi Output) Concepts

    MISO since multiple data streams are now transmitted simultaneously in the same frequency and time, taking full advantage of the different paths in the radio channel. For a system to be described as MIMO, it must have at least as Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 106 Line of sight equates to channel crosstalk and seriously diminishes the potential for gains. As a result, MIMO is particularly suited to indoor environments, which can exhibit a high degree of multi-path and limited line of sight. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 107: Wlan Measurement Concepts

    BW/2) to (Center Freq + Integ BW/2) by considering the equivalent noise bandwidth and uses linear interpolation to calculate the residual lower and upper edge power of the integration bandwidth within the width of a sweep point (the span divided by the number of sweep points). Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 108: Occupied Bandwidth Measurement Concepts

    First, the instrument uses Integration Bandwidth (IBW) method to capture the data and integrate the total power within the measurement frequency span for its 100% of power. Then, the frequencies of 0.5% of the total power are calculated to get 99.0% bandwidth. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 109: Power Stat Ccdf Measurement Concepts

    CCDF measurements at the input and output of the PA. If the PA design is correct, the curves will coincide. If the PA compresses the signal, the PAR of the signal is lower at the output of the PA. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 110 If the currently measured trace is above the user reference trace, it means that the higher peak power levels against the average power are included in the input signal. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 111: Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement Concepts

    PSD in dBc, or absolute peak PSD in dBm and minimum margin from limit line in dB at the minimum margin point. The minimum margin from limit line is the peak value relative to limit line in each offset. Figure 3-13 Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement (802.11n) Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 112: Spurious Emissions Measurement Concepts

    Power vs. Time Measurement Concepts Purpose The Power vs. Time (PvT) measurement is used to test power-on and power-down transition for 802.11b signals. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 113 By use of max power point, the ramp up and down can be determined in term of 10% to 90% power range of max power point. Some parameters mentioned above can be explained clearly from the figure below. Figure 3-14 Explanation for parameters in Power-on and Power-down Ramp Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 114: Spectral Flatness Measurement Concepts

    –58… –43 and +43… +58 (defined as Section 2) shall deviate no more than +2/–4 dB from the average energy of subcarriers with indices –42… –33, –31… –6 and +6… +31, +33… +42. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...

  • Page 115: Modulation Analysis Measurement Concepts

    In the case of W-???, the specifications require normalization to the square root of the mean power of the ideal signal (see section on Composite EVM). Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 116 802.11a/g, 802.11b/g, 802.11n and 802.11ac), different power range, different trigger type, then performs Transmit Power, SEM, Modulation Analysis (EVM) and Spectral Flatness measurements for each burst. The List Sequence measurement is focused on manufacturing use cases. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 117 The monitor spectrum measurement provides spectrum analysis capability for the instrument. It is used as a quick, convenient means of looking at the entire spectrum. While the look and feel are similar to the Spectrum Analyzer mode, Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 118 The input analog signal is converted to a digital signal, which then is processed into a representation of a waveform measurement. The measurement relies on a high rate of sampling to create an accurate representation of a time domain signal. Keysight WLAN Measurement Guide...
  • Page 119 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2012-2017 Edition 1, January 2017 N90077-90004 www.keysight.com...

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