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11.1
Theory Of Operation
As explained earlier, EDMAC is an acronym for Embedded Distant-end Monitor And
Control. This is a feature which permits the user to access the M&C features of modems
which are at the distant-end of a satellite link.
This is accomplished by adding extra information to the user's data, but in a manner
which is completely transparent to the user.
On the transmit side:
The data is split into frames - each frame containing 1008 bits (except Rate 21/44 BPSK
Turbo, where the frame length is 2928 bits, and Rate 5/16 BPSK Turbo where the frame
length is 3072 bits). 48 bits in each frame are overhead, and the rest of these bits are the
user's data. This increases the rate of transmission by 5% (approximately 1.6% for the
Turbo BPSK cases). For example, if the user's data rate is 64 kbps, the actual
transmission rate will now be at 67.2 kbps.
At the start of each frame a 12 bit synchronization word is added. This allows the
demodulator to find and lock to the start of frame. At regular intervals throughout the
frame, additional data bytes and flag bits are added (a further 36 bits in total). It is these
additional bytes which convey the M&C data.
When framing is used, the normal V.35 scrambler is no longer used. This V.35 approach
is called 'self synchronizing', because in the receiver, no external information is required
in order for the de-scrambling process to recover the original data. The disadvantage of
this method is that it multiplies errors. On average, if one bit error is present at the input
Rev. 1.3
11
EDMAC CHANNEL
Chapter 11.
11–1
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