CYBEX VR2 Owner's And Service Manual page 26

Scoliosis - a lateral curvature of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic area.
Secondary Joint - hinge joints that have a singular function (elbow/knee). Muscles are
situated on either side of these joints in virtual, if not real, pairings.
Set - in an interval training program, a group of work and relief intervals. In weight lifting, the
number of repetitions performed consecutively without resting.
Shear - two parallel forces applied in opposite directions that are not in line with each other
constitute a shearing load or stress within the object to which they are applied. Normal joint
motion is always associated with some degree of shearing stress due to normal muscular
action against resistance (weight of the limb, etc).
Shunt Muscle - directs the greater part of its contractile force along the bone it is moving
(creating greater force towards compression/stabilization). Example, the brachioradialis
muscle of the forearm is a shunt during an arm curl.
Skeletal Muscle - muscle controlling skeletal movement that is normally under voluntary
control.
Sliding Filament Theory - a muscle shortens or lengthens due to the thick and thin
myofibrils sliding past one another without the filaments changing length.
Slow-twitch Fibers - skeletal muscle fibers characterized by relatively slow contractile
speeds and great capacity for the aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Sprain - the permanent deformation of the structure due to excessive or prolonged
stress/strain.
Spurt Muscle - directs the greater part of its force across the bone it is moving rather than
along it (creating greater effort towards motion). Example, the biceps is a spurt during an arm
curl.
Stabilizer - a muscle that steadies or supports an adjacent joint in order for another active
muscle to have a firm base upon which to pull. A muscle may be a stabilizer for one motion,
and a prime mover (agonist) for another motion.
Static Contraction - a muscular contraction that does not involve changes in the angle of the
joint(s) involved.
Steady State - that state of physiological stability wherein the energy demands of the body
can be met relatively easily for a prolonged period of time.
Strain - the deformation of the structure as the result of stress.
Strength - the ability to exert muscular force briefly.
Stress - the force created within a structure when placed under load.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 2-10
Cybex VR2 Owner's Manual