CYBEX VR2 Owner's And Service Manual page 24

Mechanical Efficiency - greater mechanical efficiency, relative to resistance training, means
less muscular force is required to move a load and therefore greater stress is transferred
through the skeletal system. The value of the system utilized becomes dependent upon the
goal.
Medial Rotation - movement around an axis and toward the mid-line of the body. Also
termed internal rotation.
Medial - aspect nearest the mid-line of the body; pertaining to the center. Opposite of lateral.
Metabolism - the sum total of the energy-producing and -absorbing processes in the body.
The energy used by the body.
Moment Arm - (MA) the shortest distance between the action line and the joint axis.
Momentum - the product of the mass of a body and its velocity. It will remain constant (it is
"conserved") unless the object is acted upon by another force.
Muscle Contraction - shortening of a muscle and/or development of tension in a muscle.
Muscular Endurance - the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated
contractions against a load for an extended period of time.
Neutral - a point between the two extremes of a joint's range of motion.
Obesity - the clinical classification of a percent body fat greater than 25% (males) or 30%
(females).
Open Kinematic Chain - the ends of the limbs or parts are free to move without causing
motion at another joint. Open chain motions are not predictable because the joints may
function either independently or in unison. Less mechanically efficient, therefore more stress
is placed upon muscular tissue. Examples, dumbbell presses and curls.
Origin - attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.
Overload - stressing the body or parts against resistance greater than that which is normally
encountered. The resistance (load) can be maximal or near-maximal.
Passive Insufficiency - the point at which a two-joint muscle loses the ability to cross-bridge
(generate force) due to full lengthening over its greatest anatomical length due to force
created in an opposing muscle.
Passive Stabilization - a type of stabilization that is due to non-contractile components. This
can be accomplished internally by connective tissue (in situations of non-muscular support);
or through external structures such as a bench or brace.
Plane of Motion - a two-dimensional flat surface running through an object. Motion occurs in
the plane or parallel to the plane.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 2-8
Cybex VR2 Owner's Manual