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IET Labs, Inc. RLC Digibridge 1693 User And Service Manual

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PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR TEST AND MEASUREMENT
1693
RLC Digibridge
User and Service Manual
Copyright © 2012 IET Labs, Inc.
Visit www.ietlabs.com for manual revision updates
1693 im/September 2012
IET LABS, INC.
www.ietlabs.com
534 Main Street, Westbury, NY 11590
TEL: (516) 334-5959 • (800) 899-8438 • FAX: (516) 334-5988

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Summary of Contents for IET Labs, Inc. RLC Digibridge 1693

  • Page 1 ♦ ♦ PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR TEST AND MEASUREMENT 1693 RLC Digibridge User and Service Manual Copyright © 2012 IET Labs, Inc. Visit www.ietlabs.com for manual revision updates 1693 im/September 2012 IET LABS, INC. www.ietlabs.com 534 Main Street, Westbury, NY 11590 TEL: (516) 334-5959 •...
  • Page 2 IET LABS, INC. Standards • Decades • Strobes • Sound Level Meters • Bridges www.ietlabs.com 534 Main Street, Westbury, NY 11590 TEL: (516) 334-5959 • (800) 899-8438 • FAX: (516) 334-5988...
  • Page 3 1693 RLC Digibridge WARRANTY We warrant that this product is free from defects in material and workmanship and, when properly used, will perform in accordance with applicable IET specifi cations. If within one year after original shipment, it is found not to meet this standard, it will be repaired or, at the option of IET, replaced at no charge when returned to IET.
  • Page 4 1693 RLC Digibridge WARNING OBSERVE ALL SAFETY RULES WHEN WORKING WITH HIGH VOLTAGES OR LINE VOLTAGES. Dangerous voltages may be present inside this instrument. Do not open the case Refer servicing to qualifi ed personnel HIGH VOLTAGES MAY BE PRESENT AT THE TERMINALS OF THIS INSTRUMENT WHENEVER HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES (>...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    1693 RLC Digibridge Table of Contents Safety Information General safety information ........................xi Abbreviated Specifications Features ..............................xiii Applications ............................xiii Specifications ............................xiii Condensed operating instructions ......................xx Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose ............................1 1.2 General Description ........................2 1.2.1 1693 RLC Digibridge Overview ..................
  • Page 6 1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 3 Operation 3.1 Basic Operation .......................... 13 3.1.1 Overview .......................... 13 3.1.2 Startup ..........................13 3.1.3 Zeroing ..........................14 3.1.4 Routine Measurement....................... 17 3.2 Connecting the DUT ........................18 3.2.1 Overview .......................... 18 3.2.2 The 1689-9600 Remote Test Fixture (with 1689-9602 BNC Cable) ....... 18 3.2.3 Using the Test-Fixture Adaptors for Axial-Lead DUT .............
  • Page 7 1693 RLC Digibridge 3.5 Measurement Time and Measurement Ranges ................45 3.5.1 General ..........................45 3.5.2 Measure Rate Selection at Keyboard ................45 3.5.3 Settling Time or Programmed Delay, in Triggered Measure Mode ......... 46 3.5.4 Measure Mode and Display Selection, Effects on Measurement Time ......46 3.5.5 Integration-Time Factor (a Special Function) ..............
  • Page 8 1693 RLC Digibridge 3.9 Keyboard Lock, Function Map, and Summary of Integrations ..........69 3.9.1 Keyboard Lock ......................... 69 3.9.2 Function Map ........................69 3.9.3 Summary of Interrogations ....................70 3.10 Special Functions ........................71 3.11 Data Output and Programming via IEEE 488 and RS-232 Interface ........72 3.11.1 Overview ........................
  • Page 9 1693 RLC Digibridge 4.2.3 Sine-Wave Generation ...................... 107 4.2.4 The Dual-Slope Integrating Detector and Converter ............109 Chapter 5 Service and Maintenance 5.1 Safety ............................110 5.2 Customer Service ........................111 5.3 Instrument Return ........................111 5.3.1 Packaging ......................... 111 5.3.2 Repair and Replacement of Circuit Boards ..............
  • Page 10 1693 RLC Digibridge 5.9 Recalibration ..........................140 5.9.1 Preparation........................140 5.9.2 Zeroing and Selecting “DQ in PPM” ................141 5.9.3 Recalibration for Range 4....................141 5.9.4 Recalibration for Range 3....................142 5.9.5 Recalibration for Range 2....................142 5.9.6 Recalibration for Range 1....................143 5.9.7 Frequency Calibration ......................
  • Page 11 1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 3-26: Connection to 1433 via 7000-04 cable.................31 Figure 3-27: Connection to 1433 via 1657-9600 cable................32 Figure 3-28: Phase relationships ......................37 Figure 3-29: Relationships of Measurement Time ..................51 Figure 3-30: General view of the tradeoffs between measurement time and accuracy ......53 Figure 3-31: Approximate RLC Accuracy vs Test Frequency ..............54 Figure 3-32: Recommended Wire Shapes for Zeroing ................56 Figure 3-33: Nested limits for sorting .......................63...
  • Page 12 1693 RLC Digibridge This page is intentionally left blank. Table of Contents...

  • Page 13: Safety Information

    1693 RLC Digibridge SAFETY INFORMATION General safety information Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere Do not operate this instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Safety Summary Do not remove the cover of the instrument The following general safety precautions must be Operating personnel must not remove the cover observed during all phases of operation, service of this instrument.
  • Page 14 1693 RLC Digibridge Safety Symbols The product is marked with the following safety symbols. Safety Symbols The WARNING sign denotes a hazard to the user. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or followed, could result in personal injury.

  • Page 15: Abbreviated Specifications

    1693 RLC Digibridge ABBREVIATED SPECIFICATIONS Features Specifications • The world’s de facto standard for ac resistance, Measurement parameters: low-frequency inductance, and capacitance Eight combinations of parameters are measured: measurement R and Q, C and D, L and Q, C and R, R and X, G •...
  • Page 16 1693 RLC Digibridge (second parameter in each pair) with automatically Measurement modes and rates: There are two test modes, CONTINUOUS and positioned decimal points, units of measurement and minus signs when appropriate. TRIGGERED. The CONTINUOUS mode makes successive measurements continually, updating The ∆RLC display: the display after each measurement.

  • Page 17: Figure-A: Source Impedance Factors

    1693 RLC Digibridge Test frequencies: Over five hundred test frequencies between 12 Hz and 200 kHz may be selected by keyboard entry. These are: f = 200 kHz/n, where n = 1 to 13 f = 60 kHz/n, where n = 4 to 256 f= 3 kHz/n, where n = 13 to 250 For example frequencies that can be selected: 200 kHz/1 = 200 kHz...
  • Page 18 1693 RLC Digibridge Range selection: Direct Reading Parameter Ratio and DQ in PPM Autoranging with manual hold Range 0.00001 Ω to 0.00010 Ω to 9999.9 GΩ Basic accuracy*: R and [Z] 99999 kΩ Basic RLCGZY: ±0.02% 0.00001 mH to 0.00010 nH to 9999.9 MH Basic QD: ±0.0002 (±0.0001 in PPM mode) 99999 H Basic RXB: ±0.02%...
  • Page 19 1693 RLC Digibridge Secondary parameters (righthand readout) Accuracy of secondary parameters (right readout):                 )           ...
  • Page 20 1693 RLC Digibridge Kfv as a Function of Frequency and RMS Voltage: Frequency 12 Hz to 30 Hz to 100 Hz to >1 kHz to >3 kHz to >6 kHz to >10 kHz to >20 kHz to >20 kHz 250 Hz 1 kHz 200 kHz <30 Hz...
  • Page 21 1693 RLC Digibridge Binning: Special functions: Pass bins: 13 pass bins for RLCGZY Several special features may be selected including: • Direct Range Setting Fail bins: 2 fail bins, RLCGZYΘ • Range Extension (RATIO mode) Sorting capabilities: • Integration Time Bin number, Delta RLC, Delta %, Value •...

  • Page 22: Condensed Operating Instructions

    1693 RLC Digibridge Condensed operating instructions 3. Obtaining optimal accuracy by zeroing 1. General Information Before making measurements, zero the Digibridge as fol- The 1693 RLC Digibridge is a microprocessor- lows: (Note: For best accuracy, repeat this procedure every controlled, automatic RLC meter. day, after each change of frequency, and after any change Measurement parameters: R/Q, L/Q, C/D (series of test-fixture adaptors.)
  • Page 23 1693 RLC Digibridge 4. Taking measurements c. Connect component to be tested to the test terminals as appropriate. a. Select measurement conditions as follows: d. If in the TRIGGERED mode, press [START]. • [FUNCTION] key selects MEASURE mode • [DISPLAY] key selects VALUE, ∆%, or BIN NO Keep hands and objects at least 10 cm (4 in) from test •...
  • Page 24 1693 RLC Digibridge This page is intentionally left blank. xxii Abbreviated Specifications...

  • Page 25: Chapter 1 Introduction

    1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose The optional test fixture 1689-9600, with a pair of plug-in adaptors, receives any common component part (axial-lead or radial-lead), so easily that insertion The 1693 RLC Digibridge™ is a microprocessor- of the device under test (DUT) is a one-hand opera- controlled, automatic, programmable RLC measuring tion.

  • Page 26: General Description

    1693 RLC Digibridge 1.2 General Description 1.2.2 References Electrical and physical characteristics are listed in 1.2.1 1693 RLC Digibridge Overview Specifications at the front of this manual. Interface connections and instrument dimensions are given in The basic features of the 1693 are provided on the Installation, Chapter 1.

  • Page 27: Figure 1-2: 1693 Front Display

    1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 1-2: 1693 Front Display Figure 1-3: 1693 Keyboard Reference Name Description Function RLCGZY Display Digital display, 5 numerals with decimal points Display of the principal measured value. If function is and negative sign (-) when applicable. MEASURE and display section is VALUE, Number indicates R, L, C, G, Z, or Y.
  • Page 28 1693 RLC Digibridge Reference Name Description Function Keyboard Group of keys, indicators and 2 other switches Manual programming and control. Refer to items 7 through 19 for more detail. Programming Keys Set of 16 keys, generally labeled with black Multipurpose input of programming instruction, selections, and gray and data.

  • Page 29: Figure 1-4: Rear Controls And Connectors On 1693 Digibridge

    1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 1-4: Rear controls and connectors on 1693 Digibridge Reference Name Description Function EXTERNAL BIAS Connector, 2 pins, labeled 60V max, 200mA For External Bias supply. Optional cable available 1658- Connector max, + -. 2450. Cable comes with a fuse (2/10 A, 250V, 3AG type, fast blow).

  • Page 30: Accessories

    1693 RLC Digibridge 1.4  Accessories IET makes several accessories that enhance the 1.4.1  Supplied accessories usefulness of each Digibridge. A choice of extender • Extender cable, bnc-to-bnc (1-meter long) cables facilitates connection to a parts handler or • Power cable to any DUT that does not readily fit the test fixture. •...

  • Page 31: Figure 1-5: Typical Operating Guide Attached To 1693

    1693 RLC Digibridge Introduction...

  • Page 32: Chapter 2 Installation

    1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 2 INSTALLATION 2.1 Unpacking and Inspection 2.3 Power Line Connection This instrument was carefully inspected before ship- This instrument uses a standard IEC input module. ment. It should be in proper electrical and mechanical order upon receipt. The input fuse is located in the drawer above the input power module.

  • Page 33: Test-Fixture Connections

    1693 RLC Digibridge use of line-voltage regulators between power lines 2.6 Bias Voltage for the DUT and the test equipment is recommended as the only sure way to rule out the effects on measurement data 2.6.1 Internal Bias of variations in line voltage. No external connections are required for the internal 2-volt bias.

  • Page 34: Ieee-488 Interface

    1693 RLC Digibridge 2.7 IEEE-488 Interface 2.7.3 Codes and addresses General. The device-dependent messages, such as in- 2.7.1 Description strument programming commands and measurement data (which the digital interface exists to facilitate), If you have the IEEE Interface option 1689-9640 (see have to be coded in a way that is compatible between Figure 2-2), you can use this instrument as part of a talkers and listeners .

  • Page 35: Figure 2-3: Dip Switch Set To Decimal Address 3

    1693 RLC Digibridge Strictly speaking, the address includes more; S2 WARNING determines only the device-dependent bits of the address. You cannot choose talk and listen addresses Shock hazard and static electricity separately, only as a pair. The list of possible pairs is shown in Table 2-1. can cause damage. The GPIB Address of the Digibridge is set by the Disassembly should be preformed by SW2 DIP Switch. The numeric value is set by setting qualified personnel only.

  • Page 36: Environment

    1693 RLC Digibridge In the above example, the remote message codes: 2.8 Environment MLA and MTA are X0100011 and X1000011, respec- tively. Thus, the listen address and the talk address are The Digibridge can be operated in nearly any environ- distinguished, although they contain the same set of ment that is comfortable for the operator.

  • Page 37: Chapter 3 Operation

    1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 3 OPERATION 3.1 Basic Operation 5. (To turn the instrument off, push and release the POWER button and leave it in the “out” position.) 3.1.1 Overview 6. Wait until keyboard lights indicate MEASURE, VALUE, SLOW, CONT (or For initial familiarization with the Digibridge™...

  • Page 38: Zeroing

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.1.3 Zeroing 3.1.3.1 Zeroing with various test fixtures In the zeroing process, the instrument automati- cally measures stray parameters and retains the data, This section contains information on proper open and which it uses to correct measurements so that results short connections for various types of cables for use represent parameters of the DUT alone , without (for with the 1693 Digibridge.

  • Page 39: Figure 3-2: Open And Short Measurements With Kelvin Cables

    1693 RLC Digibridge 1700-03 Kelvin Cables Open and short should be performed as shown in Figure 3-2 below when using Kelvin cables. When performing an open jaws of clips must be closed. During short it is important to match drives and sense exactly as shown.

  • Page 40: Figure 3-4: Open And Short Measurements With Gr874 Connectors

    1693 RLC Digibridge 1689-9602 and 1689-9602-2 bnc-to-bnc Cables 7000-05 Tweezers with bnc-T and GR874 Connectors The small amounts of residual-tip resistance and Open and short should be performed as shown in inductance can be automatically corrected by using Figure 3-4 below when using bnc-to-bnc cables with the Digibridge shorting function with the tips pressed bnc-T connectors and the GR874 adapters.

  • Page 41: Routine Measurement

    1693 RLC Digibridge [l]=[SHIFT][SPECIAL][7] 18 AWG 18 AWG 3. Place DUT in test fixture. Press START. (See bus wire bus wire note below.) The RLC display and units indicator show the principal measured value and the basic parameter, thus identifying 1689-9600 Test Fixture the DUT.

  • Page 42: Connecting The Dut

    1693 RLC Digibridge 8. To measure R and X of a component (R range 3.2 Connecting the DUT .00001 Ω to 99999 kΩ, X range .0001 Ω to 3.2.1 Overview 9999 kΩ): A. Press [SHIFT][R/X]. B. Place component in test fixture. DANGER C.

  • Page 43: Using The Test-Fixture Adaptors For Axial-Lead Dut

    1693 RLC Digibridge This remote test fixture provides that true “Kelvin” connections are made at the points of contact with the DUT leads. The recommended cable should be used (rather than any randomly chosen BNC patch cords) because the known cable parameters enable you to make corrections for best accuracy.

  • Page 44: 1657-9600 Banana Plug Extender Cable

    1693 RLC Digibridge “axial” wire must be at least 3 mm long (0.12 in.]. The overall length of the DUT, including the axial wires must be at least 22 mm (0.866 in.). Insert the DUT so that one lead makes connection on the left side of the test fixture, the other lead on the right side.

  • Page 45: The 1689-9602 Extender Cable With Bnc-To-Banana-Plug Adaptors

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.5 The 1689-9602 Extender Cable 3.2.6 The Effects of Cable and with bnc-to-Banana-Plug Fixture Capacitances Adaptors It is important to use very low-capacitance shielded wire for cables, not only for accuracy, but also to To connect to DUT’s that are multi-terminal, physi- minimize resonance effects in the measurement of cally large, or otherwise unsuited for remote test large inductance at high frequency.

  • Page 46: 7000-05 Tweezers

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.7 7000-05 Tweezers For this accessory an additional accuracy (for param- eters listed) must be added to the standard instrument The 7000-05 tweezers combine the two functions: accuracy as defined by AutoAcc. C: ± 1.5 pF R: ± 10 mΩ L: ±...

  • Page 47: 1700-03 Kelvin Clip Cable

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.8 1700-03 Kelvin Clip Cable Zero the Digibridge as instructed in Section 3.1.3 on page 14. The 1700-03 Kelvin Clip Cable provides a means for easily making four terminal (Kelvin) connections to Note that red designates leads that may be “hot.” passive components.

  • Page 48: 7000-04 Alligator Clip Leads

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.9 7000-04 Alligator Clip Leads When connecting alligator clips to wire or other de- vices use the following connection to minimize errors. To connect to DUT’s that are multi-terminal, physi- cally large, or otherwise unsuited for remote test fixtures, connect bnc-to-banana-plug adaptors to the Digibridge.

  • Page 49: Connection To Hacs-Z High Accuracy Decade Capacitor

    1693 RLC Digibridge Connecting to HACS-Z with binding post 3.2.10 Connection to HACS-Z High terminals Accuracy Decade Capacitor Use one of the following options: The HACS-Z has two types of connections: one via 2 bnc connectors and the other via 5 binding posts. •...

  • Page 50: Figure 3-19: Connection To Hacs-Z Bnc Terminals With 1689-9602 Cable With 6700 Adapters

    1693 RLC Digibridge Connecting to HACS-Z with bnc terminals Connect using 1689-9602 bnc-to-bnc extender cable in combinations with 6700 bnc-T adapters (see Figure 3-19). Geometry should be maintained to reduce er- rors after the zeroing procedure has been performed. HACS-Z DECADE CAPACITOR HIGH Pomona 6700 Pomona 6700...

  • Page 51: Connection To 1482 Inductance Standard

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3-terminal transfer method: Two measurements are 3.2.11 Connection to 1482 performed with a 14 gauge bus wire moved so that Inductance Standard the inductance of the DUT is made and then the bus Two methods that can be used when calibrating a 1482 wire is moved so that the measurement of the stan- Inductance standard is a direct method and a transfer dard is made.

  • Page 52: Connection To 1409 Capacitance Standards

    1693 RLC Digibridge EXTERNAL EXTERNAL BIAS BIAS BIAS BIAS 1693 RLC DigiBridge 1693 RLC DigiBridge CONST I. CONST I. CONST V. CONST V. 1.0000 484.1 1.0000 484.1 RANGE RANGE HELD HELD NOT 1kHz NOT 1kHz START START RATIO RATIO REMOTE REMOTE CONTROL CONTROL...

  • Page 53: Connection To 1404 Reference Standard Capacitor

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.13 Connection to 1404 Reference Standard Capacitor Note: These same instructions also apply to 1403, Measurement of capacitor standards is similar to 1408, and 1422. measurements of inductors using a direct compari- son method. The unknown is simply compared to a standard capacitor of almost equal value that has a Connection to the 1404 Reference Standard Capacitor NIST calibration and the measured difference is used...

  • Page 54: Connection To 1417 Capacitance Standard

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.14 Connection to 1417 Capacitance Standard Open compensation should be performed as normal. Connection to the 1417 Capacitance Standard can be accomplished using the 1657-9600 Extender cables Short compensation should be performed as follows; or 7000-04 Alligator Clip Leads. A four terminal with cables connected as above with exception of connection should be made to the 1417 as shown plugging Red White/PH lead into Black White/PL...

  • Page 55: Connection To The 1433 Decade Resistor

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.2.15 Connection to the 1433 Decade Resistor The connection via the 1657-9600 Extender Cable is Note: The procedure for connecting the HARS-X shown in Figure 3-27. It is for a three-terminal mea- High-Accuracy Resistance Substituter is exactly the surement on the 1433/HARS with ground strap not same.
  • Page 56 1693 RLC Digibridge EXTERNAL BIAS BIAS 1693 RLC DigiBridge CONST I. CONST V. NO GO 20.000 .0002 RANGE HELD NOT 1kHz START RATIO REMOTE CONTROL POWER 1689-9602 WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD HIGH VOLTAGE MAY APPEAR ON LEADS AND TERMINALS 1689-9600 1657-9600 Formerly made by GenRad 1689-9600 REMOTE TEST FIXTURE 1657-9600...

  • Page 57: Measurement Parameters, Result Displays, And Outputs

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.3 Measurement Parameters, Result Parameter Series Parallel Units Displays, and Outputs Measured Rs/Q Rp/Q Resistance/ Ohms/ Quality none 3.3.1 Parameters (R/Q,L/Q, Ls/Q Lp/Q Inductance/ Henries/ Quality none C/D,C/R,R/X,G/B,Z/ANG,Y/ANG) Cs/D Cp/D Capacitance/ Farads/ Dissipation none Automatic Selection. The Digibridge as powered up Cs/Rs Cp/Rp Capacitance/...

  • Page 58: Equivalent Circuits - Series, Parallel

    1693 RLC Digibridge Notice that the appearance of a device can be mis- 3.3.2.1 Suggested Test leading. (For example, an inductor is capacitive if test Conditions: frequency is above resonance; or a component part can be mislabeled or unlabeled.) • Capacitors less than 10 pF: Parallel, 10 kHz. •...
  • Page 59 1693 RLC Digibridge 3.3.2.2 Theory -- Series and Parallel Parameters An impedance that is neither pure reactance nor a The equivalent circuits are shown in Table 3-5, to- pure resistance can be represented at any specific gether with useful equations relating them. Notice frequency by either a series or a parallel combination that the Digibridge measures the equivalent series of resistance and reactance.
  • Page 60 1693 RLC Digibridge Polar Form: Magnitude and Phase. A complex The size of the phase angle of an admittance is number may be expressed in polar form as well as in the same as that of the corresponding impedance, the Cartesian form used so far. For impedance and but if we use the convention that a positive angle admittance the relationships are: is one in the counterclockwise direction then the...

  • Page 61: Results Displayed

    1693 RLC Digibridge + jX + jX + jB + jB θ θ j ω Ls j ω Cp δ δ ω C ω L δ δ θ θ - jX - jX - jB - jB IMPEDANCE ADMITTANCE Figure 3-28: Phase relationships ESR for Capacitors.
  • Page 62 1693 RLC Digibridge default and one of the selections of the [DISPLAY] Observe that the RLC display will now be in percent, key. For purposes of simplicity, the left display will be not an electrical measurement unit. It is the difference called the RLC and the right display called the QDR.

  • Page 63: Units, Multipliers, And Blank Displays

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.3.3.2 Secondary Measurement The ‘’DQ in PPM” selection applies to the Q, D or ANG result only, and is effective for all selections Results of the [DISPLAY] key except BIN NO, and for all parameter selections except C/R, R/X, and G/B. The secondary Digibridge measurement will be presented on the right (QDR) display panel, for each measurement if the DISPLAY selection is VALUE,...

  • Page 64: D, Q, Ang In Ppm

    1693 RLC Digibridge Table 3-6: Units and Multipliers for Each Range Decimal Point Position. The decimal point is auto- Blanks in Measured-Value Displays. If a measure- matically positioned for maximum resolution (i.e., so ment exceeds the capability of the display (99999 for that the first significant digit or the first zero after the RLC display, 9999 for QDR), the display is blank.

  • Page 65: Ratio Displays, Virtual Range Extensions, And Conductance Measurements

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.3.6 Ratio Displays, Virtual Range the resolution limit also, is .00001 mH. the normal measurement results can only be .00000, .00001, Extensions, and Conductance .00002, .00003 mH. etc, i.e., steps of 50% of the Measurements 20 nH value . However, if you enter a nominal value of .001 mH.

  • Page 66: Principal Test Conditions

    1693 RLC Digibridge After measurement, the right-hand display will be Up to 6 digits and decimal point are valid in entry of QDR, as usual; however, if the parameter selection desired frequency. For another example, if the desired is C/R, the units for R will NOT be indicated. If the frequency is 2300 Hz, key in: [2][.][3][=] [SHIFT][FREQUENCY] parameter selection is C/R, t he ratio display in the...

  • Page 67: Test Voltage

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.4.2 Test Voltage measurement range and lower at the low-impedance end. Normally, the smallest voltage across the DUT The power-up test voltage is 1.0 volt rms, unless the (if its impedance is 6.25 ohms or more) will be 20% keyboard has been locked with some other choice.

  • Page 68: Constant Voltage Source

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.4.3 Constant Voltage Source When Const. I is enabled, the following procedure can be used to determine the current, voltage, and If it is important to measure the DUT at a particular range set. test voltage, then select the constant-voltage feature as follows.

  • Page 69: Measurement Time And Measurement Ranges

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.5 Measurement Time and NOTE: Under some conditions, testing can consume so much time that the opera tor might wonder whether Measurement Ranges the Digibridge is really operating. See below. 3.5.1 General The longest single measurement cycle (including programmable delay set to 99999 ms and the special- Selection of MEASURE RATE (SLOW, MEDIUM, function selection of “median value”) is about 5...

  • Page 70: Settling Time Or Programmed Delay, In Triggered Measure Mode

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.5.3 Settling Time or Programmed in error for several reasons), and observe subsequent displays for consistency, which indicates that any Delay, in Triggered Measure transients have settled. Mode For accurate measurements, it is often helpful to 3.5.4 Measure Mode and Display have a time delay between the START signal and the Selection, Effects on beginning of the first voltage measurement within...

  • Page 71: Ranges And Range Changing

    1693 RLC Digibridge less than 1 kHz. The following tabulation indicates the 3.5.6 Ranges and Range Changing integration time for several combinations of I-T factor Descriptions of ranges, range extensions, and decimal and measurement rate, for test frequency of 1 kHz. point control are explained below.

  • Page 72: Range Holding

    1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: If the measured value is very small (even autoranging. Another use of the range hold occurs below one count) or very large (even over 99999), when measuring components of the same nominal high resolution measurements are possible using the value whose actual values spread across the bound- ratio display.

  • Page 73: Time Required For Obtaining Median Values And Averaging

    1693 RLC Digibridge To Hold the Range selected by Use of a Parameter 3.5.8 Time Required for Obtaining Key. Another way to get into the desired range is to Median Values and Averaging use a parameter key, thus: Accuracy can be enhanced, at the cost of increased measurement time, by either or both of these meth- 1.

  • Page 74: Time Required If Ieee-488 Output Is Enabled

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.5.9 Time Required if IEEE-488 In general, measurement time includes the following two terms, which are additive. (Note: f is equal to the Output is Enabled test frequency in kHz.) If data output is enabled, via IEEE-488 bus, additional time - about 2 ms to 12 ms - is required per measure- •...

  • Page 75: Measurement Time Summary

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.5.11 Measurement Time Summary To summarize the relationships of measurement time to a representative set of the many possible test con- ditions and operating select ions, refer to Table 3-10 and Figure 3-29. Figure 3-29: Relationships of Measurement Time * No entry for delay.

  • Page 76: Accuracy, The Limits Of Errors

    1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: Table 3-6 differs slightly from the table of Typical accuracy is described below, for convenience typical measurement times given in the Specifications in obtaining a birds-eye view of the way it relates to at the front of this manual (and data in paragraphs the principal test conditions, instrument program- 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.5), although the tables are reason- ming, averaging, and median-value selection.

  • Page 77: Accuracy For Some Typical Conditions

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.6.2 Accuracy for Some Typical Each curve shows the tradeoff for one test frequency. Operating points are labeled according to the selected Conditions measure rate (FAST, MEDIUM, SLOW). All of these curves apply to the following conditions: R, L, or C For convenience in comparing the tradeoffs between within basic ranges, D<...

  • Page 78: Averaging To Improve Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.6.3 Averaging to Improve Accuracy Similarly, to inhibit averaging, select ENTER func- tion and press [1][=][SHIFT][AVERAGE]. This is The accuracy of measuring each DUT can be en- the default situation (no averaging). hanced automatically by the Digibridge if you pro- gram it to make several measurements and average Displays of averaged measurements depend on the them before reporting the final result (See Figure...

  • Page 79: Selection Of Median Value For Better Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.6.4 Selection of Median Value for is non-random, i.e., not “white” noise, but it may be repetitive. Obviously you would prefer to have Better Accuracy only the correct results displayed and/or output via the interfaces to other devices. If the duration of the The Digibridge can be programmed to make mea- surements in one or more groups of three and take noise spike is typically small compared to the length...

  • Page 80: Accuracy Enhancement By Special Attention To Short-Circuit Inductance

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.6.6 Accuracy Enhancement by contain a related error less than 10 nH. For even smaller error, correct inductance measurements by Special Attention to Short- adding 5 nH to the displayed value. Circuit Inductance If measurements are to be made with adaptors (axial- The ratio display (paragraph 3.3.6) enables very lead DUT), for most situations, make the short-circuit high-resolution measurements of low inductance and...

  • Page 81: Cable-Related Errors And How To Correct For Them

    1693 RLC Digibridge Table 3-12: Inductance of Straight Round Wires Formulas and typical constants are given below for 3.6.7 Cable-Related Errors and How obtaining useful approximations to these terms. to Correct for them Test-fixture extension can introduce measurement Common-Mode Accuracy Tenn. (Applies to any exten- error so that specified accuracy may not be met.

  • Page 82: Use Of Signal Reversing (Special Function) For Tests At Power Frequencies

    1693 RLC Digibridge where Krange is: for range 1, 1; for range 2, .0625; Accuracy 1657-9600 1689-9602 Units for range 3, .0040; for range 4, .00024. Factor f is Term* Banana bnc-to-bnc frequency in kilohertz. Csn is total capacitance from Acmx for 1kHz .00069/Xdut .00034/Xdut...

  • Page 83: Accuracy When Holding A Non-Optimum Range

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.6.9 Accuracy When Holding a Non- Optimum Range The accuracy specifications are valid when the opti- mum range is used for any given impedance value. The optimum range is selected by the autoranging capability. If some other range is selected and held by the operator, the specified accuracy will be poorer.

  • Page 84: External Bias

    1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: There are two effects to be aware of in watch- 3.7.2 External Bias ing for stabilization of the DUT: voltage and capaci- If bias is required at some other voltage than the 2-V tance. Besides charging to a “final” voltage, there is internal bias , use external bias as described below.
  • Page 85 1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: The BIAS ON indicator serves to indicate 2. To enable the special shorting routine (see that the EXTERNAL BIAS is switched ON, NOT paragraph 3.7.3): NECESSARILY the presence of external bias. A. Select ENTER function B. Press [2][=][SHIFT][SPECIAL][3] 3.

  • Page 86: Suppression Or Transients

    1693 RLC Digibridge 7. After biased measurements are completed, cipal measurement (RLC) , in addition to a bin for remove all bias by sliding the EXTERNAL rejects in the secondary measurement (QDR), and a BIAS switch OFF and if necessary pressing bin for all other rejects;...

  • Page 87: Limit Entry Procedure

    1693 RLC Digibridge Bin 3 Measured Bin 2 Value Bin 1 Axis ±1% ±1% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% Nominal Value 100.00 kΩ A single nominal value is used and all limit pairs are symmetrical in this basic plan. Figure 3-33: Nested limits for sorting A different nominal value is entered for each bin and all limit pairs are symmetrical except for the unsymmetrical pair shown for example in bin 5.

  • Page 88: Verification Of Nominal And Limit Values

    1693 RLC Digibridge 6. To enter RLC limits for bins 1-13, three 8. To enable GO/NO-GO lights after opening at methods are given: least one bin, leave “nominal value” at any non-zero value. Symmetrical percentage tolerances (nested bins). 9. To disable GO/NO-GO and all bin sorting, press [0][=][SHIFT][NOM VAL].

  • Page 89: Examples Of Limit Entry

    1693 RLC Digibridge Upon Demand. To see the current “nominal value”, Sequential Limits. Sequential limits can be entered depress the [NOM VALUE] key (while the ENTER by either of the following methods; use the method indicator is lit). To see the limits in any particular that fits your application.

  • Page 90: Notes On Limit Entries In General

    1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: Because there are overlaps, bin numbers 3.8.6 Notes on Limit Entries in affect the binning (if a DDT satisfies two bins, it General goes into “the lower-numbered bin”): for example, 1.046 µF will go into the 1.0-uF bin (No.2) because it For additional detail, refer to the condensed instruc- is numbered lower than the 1.1-µF bin (No.3).

  • Page 91: Go/No-Go And Bin Assignment Results

    1693 RLC Digibridge NOTE: When POWER is switched ON - if the key- the display or sent out over the IEEE-488 bus. To board is not locked - nominal value is initialized at make use of the bin-sum feature use these keystroke zero.
  • Page 92 1693 RLC Digibridge General Procedure. Example 1. To sort 200-mF capacitors in bins of ±5%. 10%, and 20%. Displays to be ratios that can be inter- 1. Select units appropriate for the component preted as Cp values in mF and dissipation factor D. you plan to measure and a range that uses the largest unit multiplier.

  • Page 93: Keyboard Lock, Function Map, And Summary Of Integrations

    1693 RLC Digibridge 4. Change from largest-value ran e to smallest- Indications of the unlocked or locked state are as value range by pressing [4][=][SHIFT] follows: [SPECIAL][1] • Unlocked - several keyboard indicators lit. 5. Enter the nominal value: • Locked - NO keyboard indicators lit, except A.

  • Page 94: Summary Of Interrogations

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.9.3 Summary of Interrogations The following interrogations will work only if you select ENTER function: Certain status (and results) information is indicated stored nominal value (appears displayed automatically on the display panels. For example: [SHIFT] [NOM VAL] at left).

  • Page 95: Special Functions

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.10 Special Functions Most of the special functions are described in more detail in other parts of the manual. Refer to Table 3-12 for a brief summary of the special functions and how to operate the [SPECIAL] key. Programming of spe- cial functions can be done only in ENTER function.

  • Page 96: Data Output And Programming Via Ieee 488 And Rs-232 Interface

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11 Data Output and Programming via IEEE 488 and RS-232 Interface 3.11.2 Configuration 3.11.1 Overview The Digibridge IEEE-488.2 interface board has two switches for setting operating configuration, SW1, The optional Digibridge IEEE-488.2 interface board the Talk-Listen / Talk-Only toggle switch, and S2, provides IEEE-488.2 (GPIB) and RS 232 Serial inter- the GPIB Address selection DIP switch.

  • Page 97: Gpib Address Dip Switch

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.4  GPIB Address DIP Switch GPIB Address 31 is not a valid GPIB Address and setting the SW2 DIP switch to this setting (all switches The GPIB Address of the Digibridge is set by the in the OFF position) will disable the GPIB interface, SW2 DIP Switch.

  • Page 98: Instrument Program Commands

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.7 Instrument Program Limits for bins 1 thru 13 are entered using percent- ages, referred to the current nominal value. For Commands example, Bin No.1 (designated 01) is set to +1.5%, -.05% by the command sequence: The set of commands used in remote programming B01H1.5;L-5E-2;...

  • Page 99: Legacy Digibridge Ieee-488 Commands

    1693 RLC Digibridge digits (0 to 9) which convey information about the Category Description Type Code selection within the category. For example, the Constant, off 2 byte ASCII sequence D2 means “in DISPLAY category, Measurement Constant, on 2 byte Voltage select VALUE.”...
  • Page 100 1693 RLC Digibridge Category Description Type Code Category Description Type Code None 2 byte Integration-Time Value (i) multiplies Floating Multiplying MEDIUM and FAST point Bin # 2 byte Factor integration times 2 byte Value (in ms) ═ j Floating Jj; ** Delay point QDR, Bin #...

  • Page 101: Ieee 488.2/Scpi Digibridge Command Summary

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.9 IEEE 488.2/SCPI Digibridge Command Parameter(s) Description Legacy Command Summary Sets the measure mode TRIGgered Triggered The IEEE-488.2 / SCPI commands are used to com- CONTinuous Continuous municate with the Digibridge via the IEEE-488 or MODe Triggered MTRiggered RS232 serial interfaces replacing and/or supplement- median value...
  • Page 102 1693 RLC Digibridge Command Parameter(s) Description Legacy Command Parameter(s) Description Legacy Constant Sets the data to output via GPIB / RS-232 voltage off NONe None CONStant Constant Bin # voltage on Real value in LEVel <numeric> V<numeric>; volts QBIN QDR, Bin # Sets constant current CURRent Real value in...
  • Page 103 1693 RLC Digibridge Command Parameter(s) Description Legacy Command Parameter(s) Description Legacy Enables or disables the RS-232 serial interface Reads the [EVENt]? Event Register Enable RS-232 ENABle interface Reads the CONFigure CONDition? Condition Disable RS-232 Register DISable interface (if using GPIB) Sets the Enable ENABle <numeric>...

  • Page 104: Ieee 488.2 / Scpi Digibridge Command Reference

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.10 IEEE 488.2 / SCPI Digibridge Parameter: Command Reference Value Description PARallel Parallel equivalent circuit Note: Parameters in italic are available only on the SERies Series equivalent circuit Digibridge 1693-9700 model. Equivalent legacy command: C0, C1 :CONFigure:PARameter Equivalent key: [EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT] Syntax:...
  • Page 105 1693 RLC Digibridge Equivalent key: :CONFigure:DISPLay:BINRatio [MEASURE MODE] Syntax: :CONFigure:DISPLay:BINRatio {NOMValue|VALNominal} :CONFigure:DISPlay Description: Syntax: Set Digibridge front panel to display measurement :CONFigure:DISPlay {BIN|DELTa|VALue|RLC} bin on ratio. Description: Parameter: Set measurement displayed on Digibridge front Value Description panel. NOMValue Display Bin on ratio: nominal value / RLC value Parameter: VALNominal Display Bin on ratio: RLC value / nominal value...
  • Page 106 1693 RLC Digibridge :CONFigure:FREQuency Value Description HOLD Hold range Syntax: Hold range 1 :CONFigure:FREQuency <numeric> Hold range 2 Hold range 3 Description: Hold range 4 Sets the frequency used for measurement signal. AUTo Autorange Parameter: Equivalent legacy command: Value Description R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 <numeric>...
  • Page 107 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: :CONFigure:CURRent Value Description Syntax: NORMal Normal routine (highest speed) :CONFigure:CURRent <numeric> Signal reversal (use for low frequency REVersal hum rejection) Description: Shorting between measurements (used for reducing transient-recovery Set the measurement constant current level. SHORting time within measuring circuit, when measuring with bias;...
  • Page 108 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: :CONFigure:BIN:LOW <a numeric> Syntax: Value Description :CONFigure:BIN:LOW <numeric> 0 to 5 Number of digits to eliminate from RLC display <b numeric> Description: Value Description Set the limit entry bin low limit (in %). 0 to 4 Number of digits to eliminate from QDR display Equivalent legacy command: Parameter:...
  • Page 109 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: Parameter: Value Description Value Description NONe No data output ENABle Unlock (enable) keypad Bin # DISable Lock (disable keypad Equivalent legacy command: QBIN QDR, Bin # K0, K1 RBIN RLC, Bin # Equivalent key: RQDR RLC, QDR none RQBin RLC, QDR, Bin #...
  • Page 110 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: Parameter: Value Description Value Description DISable Disable ENABle Enable GPIB interface. OPEN Enable open circuit calibration DISable Disable GPIB interface (if using RS-232). SHORt Enable short circuit calibration Equivalent legacy command: Equivalent legacy command: none Z0, Z1, Z2 Equivalent key: none Equivalent key:...
  • Page 111 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: Equivalent key: none Value Description 9600 9600 BAUD 19200 19200 BAUD 38400 38400 BAUD :SYSTem:ERRor[:NEXT]? 57600 57600 BAUD Syntax: 115200 115200 BAUD :SYSTem:ERRor[:NEXT]? Equivalent legacy command: Description: none Reads the error message. (Query only) Equivalent key: none Equivalent legacy command: none...
  • Page 112 1693 RLC Digibridge :STATus:OPERation:CONDition? :STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? Syntax: Syntax: :STATus:OPERation:CONDition? :STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? Description: Description: Reads the value of the Operation Status Condition Reads the value of the Questionable Status Register. (Query Only) Condition Register. (Query Only) Equivalent legacy command: Equivalent legacy command: none none Equivalent key: Equivalent key:...
  • Page 113 1693 RLC Digibridge Parameter: :MEASure Value Description Syntax: 0 to 255 Numeric value range :MEASure Equivalent legacy command: none Description: Start a measurement upon read (like pressing the Equivalent key: start switch). none Equivalent legacy command: *ESR? Equivalent key: [START] key Syntax: *ESR? Description:...
  • Page 114 1693 RLC Digibridge Description: Description: Sets the OPC bit (bit 0) of the Standard Event Reads the value of the Status Byte register. Status Register when all pending operations have Equivalent legacy command: completed or ended. none Equivalent legacy command: Equivalent key: none none...

  • Page 115: Example Programming

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.11 Example Programming 1. Set the TALK switch to TALK ONLY. 2. Program the Digibridge to send out results automatically after each measurement. (Refer Zero-Open to paragraph 3.11.3.) The “special” commands for this purpose can be ibwrt “SYST:RES” executed only in ENTER function, as follows.
  • Page 116 1693 RLC Digibridge Character Allowed Purpose Meaning Sequence Characters Status (space) Normal Operation Underrange held (reduced accuracy)* Overrange held (reduced accuracy)* End extension of range 1 or 1 (reduced accuracy)** Invalid measurement due to signal overload Value of delta RLC or (space) Normal display ratio...
  • Page 117 1693 RLC Digibridge Character Allowed Purpose Meaning Sequence Characters Status (space) Normal Operation Overrange held (reduced accuracy)* Invalid measurement due to signal overload Format (space) Parameter Quality factor Dissipation factor Resistance Reactance Susceptance Angle Format (space) Units (2 space)Ω Ohms (space)kΩ...

  • Page 118: Talk/Listen Use, For Remote Programming And Data Transfers

    1693 RLC Digibridge Character Allowed Purpose Meaning Sequence Characters Pass/fail (space) Go (bins 01 to 13) No-Go (bins 00 or 14) Format (space) Label The word “BINSUM” Format (space) 10,11 Bin Number 123456789 Bin number assignment, 00 to 14 Equivalence Equals 13-17 123456789...
  • Page 119 1693 RLC Digibridge Serial Poll -- Status Byte -- Table 9-19. When the bus is in the serial poll mode and the Digibridge is ad- dressed to talk, the Digibridge responds with a status byte, which is encoded as shown in the table and sent on the data lines DI01 through DI08.
  • Page 120 1693 RLC Digibridge Table 3-27: Message activity on IEEE-488 bus during sample example of remote control *Message on DI01 ...DI08 lines is coded and interpreted differently depending on simultaneous state of A1N line (true = asserted = low, false = high). **Bytes 3 and 4 can be programmed in a single command to controller;...

  • Page 121: Data Output In Compacted Binary Format

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.11.14  Data Output in Compacted  NOTE: The 8 bits in each byte are 76543210, where 0 is LSB (least significant bit). The vertical line or space Binary Format between bytes is for clarity only, not present in data. The compacted binary format for data output can be selected to save time.
  • Page 122 1693 RLC Digibridge Table 3-28: Truth table of compacted binary format for output data Operation...
  • Page 123 1693 RLC Digibridge The following examples illustrate how to obtain ordinary (base-10) numbers from the compacted binary data. EXAMPLE 1. (Bytes are shown separated by spaces.) Byte 1: Normal measurement. Range 2. RLC, QDR, EXAMPLE 2. (Bytes are shown separated by spaces.] and bin number data are needed .

  • Page 124: Sample Ieee Programs

    1693 RLC Digibridge 3.12  Sample IEEE Programs Below are three sample IEEE-488 programs using • An “X” command must be sent to enable data three different IEEE controllers. These programs output. are intentionally very short and are intended as aids • The string “P2A10;M3X4Z2G0” should be sent to demonstrate to the programmer how to operate a for the Short Circuit Zero.

  • Page 125: Self-Checks And Failure Displays (Error Codes)

    1693 RLC Digibridge 555 D xxxx. A signal-strength check failed: When D is 3.13  Self-checks and Failure Displays  1...4, it indicates the range being checked (withvoltage (Error codes) = 1.275 V). When D is 5, the range is 4, with voltage = .075 V. CPU will loop on failure. Be sure that the 3.13.1 ...

  • Page 126: Failure Display Due To Signal Overload

    1693 RLC Digibridge When Expected. This resonance effect can be expected 3.13.2  Failure Display due to Signal  when large values of inductance are being measured Overload at high frequency. In particular, if the Digibridge is autoranging, this effect can be expected in range 1 “014”...
  • Page 127 1693 RLC Digibridge 3. Reduce the measurement frequency. 4. If cable and test fixture capacitance can be reduced, do so. 5. If this resonance effect is not easily avoided, consider that the DUT may be self-resonant. If so, unqualified measurements of appar- ent inductance are misleading.

  • Page 128: Chapter 4 Theory

    1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 4  THEORY 4.1  Introduction out fixed offset errors, and ratios between them cancel out the value of the common current, the scale factor of the detector-converter, and the effect of the relative 4.1.1  General reference-to-signal phase angle. This instrument uses an unusual method of measure- ment, which is quite different from those used in most The phase-sensitive detector uses 4 reference sig-...

  • Page 129: Block Diagram

    1693 RLC Digibridge tor. The values obtained during “ZERO” calibration programmable from 12 Hz to 200 kHz in 504 steps; are stored in Digibridge memory and retained during delay: up to 99999 ms; and averaging: 2 to 255 mea- power-down and power up. surements;...
  • Page 130 1693 RLC Digibridge Theory...

  • Page 131: Principal Functions

    1693 RLC Digibridge 4.2 Principal Functions 4.2.3 Sine-Wave Generation 4.2.1 Elementary Measurement Circuit Source of the Test Signal. Starting with a digital signal at 64 times the selected test frequency, the sine wave The measurement technique is illustrated in Figure generator provides the test signal that drives a small 4-2 by the accompanying simplified diagram, which but essential current through the DUT.
  • Page 132 1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 4-2: Elementary Measurement Circuit Figure 4-3: Frequency and timing source Figure 4-4: Sine wave generator Theory...

  • Page 133: The Dual-Slope Integrating Detector And Converter

    1693 RLC Digibridge 4.2.4 The Dual-Slope Integrating A pause for synchronization varies depending on timing relationships among the START signal, length Detector and Converter of settling time or programmed delay, length of the Circuitry. Refer back to Figure 4-1 on page 106 and note previous integration/deintegration cycle, and the that the phase-sensitive detector/converter circuit Digibridge clocks (particularly FCOUNT, shown on...

  • Page 134: Chapter 5 Service And Maintenance

    1693 RLC Digibridge Chapter 5 SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE 5.1 Safety must be conductive and reliably connected to earth ground through a safety resistance of approximately 250 kilohms to 500 kilohms. Also, for personnel safety, the surface must NOT be metal. (A resistivity WARNING of 30 to 300 kilohms per square is suggested.) Avoid placing tools or electrical parts on insulators, such...

  • Page 135: Customer Service

    1693 RLC Digibridge If any circuit boards or IC packages are to be stored Products provided by IET Labs are thoroughly or transported, enclose them in conductive envelopes tested and calibrated to meet product specifications. and/or carriers . Remove the items from such enve- A Certificate of Calibration (which certifies that the lopes only with the above precautions;...

  • Page 136: Performance Verification

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.4 Performance Verification 5.4.2 Performance Verification Procedure 5.4.1 Overview 1. After the line voltage switch has been set to correspond to the input line voltage, connect This procedure is recommended for verifying that the line cord and switch the POWER ON. the Digibridge is performing normally.
  • Page 137 1693 RLC Digibridge 3. Confirm or select the following measurement 9. Press the [MEASURE MODE] key to select conditions on the Digibridge: CONT. (continuous measurements). [FUNCTION) - ENTER (necessary for de- 10. Press [R/Q]. termining test frequency) 11. Insert, as DUT, the first resistor specified in [DISPLAY] - VALUE Table 5-2.
  • Page 138 1693 RLC Digibridge might flicker between 2 and 4. If, for example, ‘X” is flickering between 9 and 11, it will of course cause a flickering of the preceding digit (330.19 and 330.21). In such a case, the correct readout is the larger 4-digit number (330.2) and the fifth digit is acceptably stable.

  • Page 139: Measurement-Time Checkout

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.4.3 Measurement-Time Checkout 3. With the watch or clock, time the interval between the next two keystrokes. The number This procedure verifies that the 1693 measurement of measurements made while the function is rate is functioning properly. All measurements are MEASURE will automatically be stored in made with the default (power-up) values of test fre- “bin sum”...

  • Page 140: Disassembly And Access

    1693 RLC Digibridge 7. Press: [MEASURE RATE] key to select 5.5 Disassembly and Access FAST rate. Repeat the procedure of steps 3, 4, 5 (as summarized below), for this rate A. Time the interval between the next two WARNING keystrokes. B.
  • Page 141 1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 5-1: Screws holding the interface assembly on the rear panel 5. If there is an interface option, remove it by the display connector board. Behind the keyboard is removing the two large screws (see Figure the keyboard mount (a wide bracket with clearance 5-1) and sliding the interface assembly out.
  • Page 142 1693 RLC Digibridge is attached (via a short piece of rubber tubing) to the Notice also that (if the BNC connector bracket is at power switch. Guide the front end of this rod through the front) its shielded cables must be kept to the left of its hole in the bezel while bringing the front panel as- the display-panel connector board during reassembly sembly into position.

  • Page 143: Relocation Of Bnc Connector Bracket

    1693 RLC Digibridge 7. To remove the keyboard module: 5.5.1 Relocation of bnc Connector A. Remove the four screws (all with their Bracket heads to the right) that hold the keyboard assembly to the subpanel at the right and The bnc connectors that interface (via cables) with the keyboard bracket at the left.

  • Page 144: Major Internal Components

    1693 RLC Digibridge 6. Fasten the bnc connector bracket in the rear 5.5.2 Major internal components position and the blank bracket in the front The following figures show the major internal com- position. poenents of the 1693 Digibridges. 7. Reassemble the instrument and verify nor- mal operation.

  • Page 145: Interface Options

    1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 5-5: Keyboard Assembly (1687-4200) Figure 5-6: Power Supply Assembly (700011) 5.5.3 Interface Options To remove the IEEE board: 1. Switch POWER OFF and disconnect power If the Digibridge has the IEEE interface option, it cord from Digibridge. can be connected via either the RS232 interface or 2.

  • Page 146: Removal Of Multiple-Pin Packages

    1693 RLC Digibridge Figure 5-9: Screws holding the interface assembly on the rear panel 3. Remove the interface option (or the blank 5.6 Periodic Maintenance cover plate) horizontally, directly away from the front panel. 5.6.1 Care of Test Fixtures CAUTION For best results and minimum maintenance effort, the operator must remove any obvious dirt from leads Observe precautions while handling...

  • Page 147: Trouble Analysis

    1693 RLC Digibridge Power-Up Self Check. Upon power-up, the Digibridge 5.7 Trouble Analysis performs a self-check sequence as explained in para- graph 3.13. If a self-check failure occurs, the instru- 5.7.1 Overview ment display will indicate the nature of the failure. For more detail, refer to paragraph 5.7.2 below.

  • Page 148: Power-Up Self Check And Certain Aborted Measurements

    1693 RLC Digibridge SELF-CHECK (FAILURE) DISPLAYS 5.7.2 Power-Up Self check and Certain Aborted Measurements 88888 8888. RAM read/write exercise failure; The following outline of failure displays includes Digibridge hangs up. PROCEDURE: Switch POWER comments on some of the self cheek routines, sig- OFF and ON to clear hang up and repeat self check.
  • Page 149 1693 RLC Digibridge 77777 5555. FCOUNT is not toggling (U27 pins 9, 555 D XXXX. Signal strength check failure; the 40). 1689-4702 Analog & Control board requires Digibridge will loop, automatically repeating the service by trained personnel. test and updating the display. The digit D indicates the range and voltage level used.
  • Page 150 1693 RLC Digibridge 444 E XXXX Test frequency and waveform check XXXX, which should be very close to 1.000. (See failure; the Digibridge will loop, automatically re- Table 3-7 on page 43.) If XXXX is less than 0.2187 or peating the test and updating the display. The digit E more than 1.781, this test fails.

  • Page 151: Internal Fuse Replacement

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.7.3 Internal Fuse Replacement 1. Remove the top and bottom covers. 2. This fuse is located in a socket on the main WARNING board and behind the power switch. Unplug the fuse (using needle nose pliers) and Take appropriate safety precautions replace.

  • Page 152: Power Supply And Regulator Board

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.7.4 Power Supply and Regulator Board +5 V values (±0.2 V) To verify that the power supply (700011-4) is work- • Pin 1 to Pin 2 ing properly, confirm the following voltage outputs • Pin 3 to Pin 5 (See Figure 5-12).

  • Page 153: Sinewave Generator Checks

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.7.5 Sinewave Generator Checks 5.7.6 Front End Amplifiers and Switches Check the MB-board circuits that supply the test signals to the OUT, as follows. If a discrepancy is found, check similarly at the R-Std signal check point - as described in Table 5-4. The 1.

  • Page 154: Accuracy Verification

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.8 Accuracy Verification 5.8.1 General This procedure is a more rigorous alternative to the Verify that the instrument meets performance speci- performance verification described above. Precision fications as follows. standards of impedance are required for this proce- dure, which checks the accuracy as well as the overall Name Requirements...

  • Page 155: Capacitance Measurement Accuracy (Ranges 1-3)

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.8.2 Capacitance Measurement Accuracy (Ranges 1-3) J. Press these keys deliberately: [1] [6] [9] [3] [=] [SHIFT] [SHORT]. CAUTION K. Confirm that the GO indicator is lit. Press the START button. Be sure the line voltage switch, rear L.

  • Page 156: Capacitance Measurement Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge HACS-Z 1693 Digibridge Measure Lower Upper Setting Accuracy Range Accuracy Rate Limit* Limit* Max** 10 pF 5.05% SLOW 0.22% 9.4730 10.527 6100 ppm 100 pF 0.55% SLOW 0.04% 99.410 100.59 2500 ppm 1500 pF 0.083% SLOW 0.021% 1498.4 1501.6 700 ppm...
  • Page 157 1693 RLC Digibridge K. Confirm that the GO indicator is lit. 9. Read the RLC display, which should be close L. Press the START button. to the nominal value of the standard: 1 µF. M. Wait for the GO indicator to be lit. The 10.

  • Page 158: Resistance Measurement Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.8.4 Resistance Measurement K. Disconnect any link between the G and L binding posts. Accuracy L. Set the decade resistor dials to 00000 ohms. M. Press the following keys: [1] [6] [9] [3] This procedure follows after paragraph 5.8.3. (Thus, [=] [SHIFT] [SHORT].

  • Page 159: Inductance Measurement Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge * If the calibrated value of the resistance standard is slightly different from the nominal value, or if the standard’s accuracy is different from the typical accuracy, correct the “acceptable extremes” accordingly. Table 5-8: Resistance accuracy checks at 1 kHz 5.8.5 Inductance Measurement 3.
  • Page 160 1693 RLC Digibridge K. Confirm that the GO indicator is lit. 5. Disconnect any link between ground and L. Press the START button. LOW binding posts. M. Wait for the GO indicator to be lit again. 6. Press the [L/Q] key to select inductance pa- The RLC display should be .00000 ohms.

  • Page 161: D Measurement Accuracy

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.8.6 D Measurement Accuracy 6. Using the extender cable and plain bus wire, connect the decade Rand C standards in se- Verify D-measurement accuracy with the following ries, as DUT to the Digibridge, as shown in procedure. Dissipation-factor checks will be made Figure 5-13 and tabulated below.

  • Page 162: Limit Comparison Bins

    1693 RLC Digibridge 8. Set the resistance and capacitance standards 5.8.7 Limit Comparison Bins to the values given in line 1 of Table 5-10. Verify the Digibridge performance with regard to Verify that the DQ display is within the range limit comparison and bin assignments as follows.
  • Page 163 1693 RLC Digibridge Table 5-11: Entry of limits Table 5-12: Bin assignment check Service and Maintenance...

  • Page 164: Recalibration

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.9 Recalibration 5.9.1 Preparation Introduction. This service procedure requires a set of Procedure external calibration resistors whose Rand Q values 1. Remove any adaptor that may be in the test are exactly known and generally requires a frequency fixture.

  • Page 165: Zeroing And Selecting "Dq In Ppm

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.9.2 Zeroing and Selecting “DQ in 5.9.3 Recalibration for Range 4 PPM” 1. Connect the 24.9-ohm calibration resistor to the Digibridge test fixture . This zeroing procedure is like the routine procedure in 2. Enter the known parameters of the calibration Operation, Chapter 3.

  • Page 166: Recalibration For Range 3

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.9.4 Recalibration for Range 3 5.9.5 Recalibration for Range 2 1. Connect the 374-ohm calibration resistor to 1. Connect the 5.97-kilohm calibration resistor the Digibridge test fixture. to the Digibridge test fixture. 2. Enter the known parameters of the calibration 2.

  • Page 167: Recalibration For Range 1

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.9.6  Recalibration for Range 1 5.9.7  Frequency Calibration 1. Connect the 95.3-kilohm calibration resistor If frequency calibration is not necessary (refer to to the Digibridge test fixture. “Decision ..., in paragraph 5.8.1), omit the procedures 2. Enter the known parameters of the calibration of paragraph 5.8.7. If necessary at all, these steps resistor as in the following example, based should be done before paragraphs 5.8.2 through 5.8.6. on the values R = 94.986 kilohms and Q = -280 ppm. 1. Connect the counter as follows to measure the NOTES: The Digibridge will accept six digits for R, even though only five will be displayed.

  • Page 168: Frequency Correction K Factor Procedure

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5. Confirm normalcy as follows. D. For RANGE 3 press [1 ] [6] [9] [3] [.] [7] [SHIFT] [SPECIAL] [SHIFT] A. Press [1][=][SHIFT][FREQUENCY] (The ohms = 4 .6000 left display should now be 1). Kohms = . 0 046 0 B.
  • Page 169 1693 RLC Digibridge I. Determine the delta % reading as follows: for range 2 , press [1][6] [9] [3] [.] [2] [=] Select FUNCTION --- MEASURE [SHIFT] [SPECIAL] [SHIFT] DISPLAY ---- DELTA % for range 3 , press [1][6] [9] [3] [.] [3] [=] J.

  • Page 170: Internal Address Settings For Ieee-488 Interface

    1693 RLC Digibridge 5.10 Internal Address Settings for IEEE-488 Interface Each device (instrument) in a system linked by an 2. Find S2 which is located at the end of the IEEE-488 bus must have its own address (except in interface option board, about 3 cm (1 in.) the simple case of a single “talker only”...

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