Constructive measures to encourage re-
cycling
Joints and connections designed for easy
●
dismantling.
Modular construction to facilitate disman-
●
tling.
Increased use of single-grade materials.
●
Plastic parts and elastomers are marked in
●
accordance with ISO 1043, ISO 11469 and
ISO 1629.
Choice of materials
Use of recycled materials.
●
Use of compatible plastics in the same part
●
if its components are not easily separated.
Use of recycled materials and/or materials
●
originating from renewable sources.
Reduction of volatile components, including
●
odour, in plastic materials.
Use of CFC-free coolants.
●
Ban on heavy metals, with the exceptions
dictated by law (Annex II of ELV Directive
2000/53/EC): cadmium, lead, mercury,
hexavalent chromium.
Manufacturing methods
Reduction of the quantity of thinner in the
●
protective wax for cavities.
Use of plastic film as protection during vehi-
●
cle transport.
254
Driving
Use of solvent-free adhesives.
●
Use of CFC-free coolants in cooling sys-
●
tems.
Recycling and energy recovery from resi-
●
dues (RDF).
Improvement in the quality of waste water.
●
Use of systems for the recovery of residual
●
heat (thermal recovery, enthalpy wheels,
etc.).
The use of water-soluble paints.
●
Economical and environmentally
friendly driving
Fuel consumption, environmental impact and
engine, brake and tyre wear depend largely
on three factors:
Personal driving style.
●
Conditions of use (weather, road surface).
●
Technical requirements.
●
Savings of up to 25% in fuel consumption are
possible with an appropriate driving style and
the adoption of certain simple tips.
Changing gear early
General remarks: the highest gear is always
the most economical. As a guide, for most ve-
hicles at a speed of 30 km/h (19 mph), drive
in third gear, at 40 km/h (25 mph) in fourth
gear and at 50 km/h (31 mph) in fifth gear.
In addition, "skipping" gears when shifting up
helps to save fuel, weather and traffic condi-
tions permitting.
Do not wait until the last moment before
changing gear. Only use first gear when you
move off and change to second gear quickly.
Avoid the kick-down function in vehicles with
automatic gearbox.
Vehicles with a gear display help to achieve
an economical driving style as the display in-
dicates the best moment to change gear.
Let the vehicle roll
If you take your foot off the accelerator, the
fuel supply is stopped and consumption is re-
duced.
Allow the vehicle to roll without accelerating,
for example when approaching a red traffic
light. However, if the vehicle is rolling too
slowly or the distance is too long, the clutch
pedal should be pressed to declutch. The en-
gine will then operate at idle speed.
If the vehicle is going to be at a standstill for a
period of time, switch off the engine; for ex-
ample, while waiting at a level crossing. In ve-
hicles which have the Start-Stop function on,
the engine switches off automatically when
the vehicle is not moving.