GE G60 Instruction Manual page 420

GROUPED ELEMENTS
Direction Compared phasors
Reverse –V_2 + Z_offset × I_2
The negative-sequence voltage must be greater than the
 DISPLAY PROPERTIES
forward nor reverse indication is given. The following figure explains the usage of the voltage polarized directional unit of
the element. It shows the phase angle comparator characteristics for a phase A to ground fault, with settings of
ECA = 75° (element characteristic angle = centerline of operating characteristic)
FWD LA = 80° (forward limit angle = ± the angular limit with the ECA for operation)
REV LA = 80° (reverse limit angle = ± the angular limit with the ECA for operation)
The element incorporates a current reversal logic: if the reverse direction is indicated for at least 1.25 of a power system
cycle, the prospective forward indication is delayed by 1.5 of a power system cycle. The element emulates an
electromechanical directional device. Larger operating and polarizing signals result in faster directional discrimination,
bringing more security to the element operation.
5
The forward-looking function is designed to be more secure compared to the reverse-looking function, so use the forward-
looking function for the tripping direction. The reverse-looking function is faster compared to the forward-looking function,
so use the reverse-looking function for the blocking direction. This allows for better protection coordination. Take this bias
into account when using the negative-sequence directional overcurrent element to directionalize other protection
elements. The negative-sequence directional pickup must be greater than the
 CURRENT CUT-OFF LEVEL
5-244
–(I_2 × 1∠ECA)
menu to be validated for use as a polarizing signal. If the polarizing signal is not validated, neither
Figure 5-131: Negative-sequence directional characteristic
setting value.
setting specified in the
VOLTAGE CUTOFF LEVEL
PRODUCT SETUP  DISPLAY PROPERTIES
G60 GENERATOR PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS
PRODUCT SETUP