Fiber Optic And Network Cable Specifications; Signal Loss In Multimode And Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable; Attenuation And Dispersion In Fiber-Optic Cable - Juniper Internet Router M160 Hardware Manual

Fiber Optic and Network Cable Specifications

The router supports PICs that use various kinds of network cable, including
multimode and single-mode fiber-optic cable. For information about the type
of cable used by each PIC, see the M160 Internet Router PIC Guide.

Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable

Multimode fiber is large enough in diameter to allow rays of light to reflect internally
(bounce off the walls of the fiber). Interfaces with multimode optics typically
use LEDs as light sources. LEDs are not coherent sources, however. They spray
varying wavelengths of light into the multimode fiber, which reflects the light at
different angles. Light rays travel in jagged lines through a multimode fiber, causing
signal dispersion. When light traveling in the fiber core radiates into the fiber
cladding, higher-order mode loss (HOL) results. Together these factors limit the
transmission distance of multimode fiber compared to single-mode fiber.
Single-mode fiber is so small in diameter that rays of light can reflect internally
through one layer only. Interfaces with single-mode optics use lasers as
light sources. Lasers generate a single wavelength of light, which travels in
a straight line through the single-mode fiber. Compared with multimode
fiber, single-mode fiber has higher bandwidth and can carry signals for
longer distances. It is consequently more expensive.
For information about the maximum transmission distance and supported
wavelength range for the types of single-mode and multimode fiber-optic cable
used by PICs on the M160 router, see the M160 Internet Router PIC Guide.
Exceeding the maximum transmission distances can result in significant
signal loss, which causes unreliable transmission.
The router uses optical lasers for SONET/SDH PIC single-mode interfaces.
These optics comply with IR-1 of Bellcore GR-253-CORE Issue 2,
December 1995 and ANSI TI.105.06.

Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable

Correct functioning of an optical data link depends on modulated light reaching
the receiver with enough power to be demodulated correctly. Attenuation is the
reduction in power of the light signal as it is transmitted. Attenuation is caused
by passive media components, such as cables, cable splices, and connectors.
While attenuation is significantly lower for optical fiber than for other media, it
still occurs in both multimode and single-mode transmission. An efficient optical
data link must have enough light available to overcome attenuation.
Preparing for Router Installation
Network Cable Specifications and Guidelines
71