HP 3563A Operating Manual
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HP 3563A Operating Manual

HP 3563A Operating Manual

Control systems analyzer
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Table of Contents

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HP 3563A Operating Manual
Analyzer
Control Systems
I
Volume
HEWLETT
PACKARO
03563-90000
HP Part No.
No. 03563-90200
Microfiche
Printed in
U.S.A.
1990
Print Date: February
©Hewlett·Packard Company, 1989, 1990 . All rights reserved.
8600 Soper Hill Road
Everett, Washington 98205-1298 U.S A .

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  • Page 1 HP 3563A Operating Manual Analyzer Control Systems Volume HEWLETT PACKARO 03563-90000 HP Part No. No. 03563-90200 Microfiche Printed in U.S.A. 1990 Print Date: February ©Hewlett·Packard Company, 1989, 1990 . All rights reserved. 8600 Soper Hill Road Everett, Washington 98205-1298 U.S A .

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    • • Operators Block ....1-12 • • Control Block 1-13 • • • HP-IB Block ...... 1-14 • 1-14 Status Block • • • Help Key 1-15 Chapter Measurement Overview .
  • Page 4 Table of Contents Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode ..3-8 • Using the Analog Source ..... . 3-10 •...
  • Page 5 Table of Contents Chapter 4: Using The Log Re u tio n Mode Purpose Of This Chapter . • • Measurement Setup: Log Resolution Mode .. · Log Resolution vs. Linear Resolution ..4-3 · How Log Resolution Is Measured ...
  • Page 6 Table of Contents Chapter Using The Time Capture Mode Purpose Of This Chapter . · Measurement Setup: Time Capture Mode . · ..6-4 Overview Of Time Capture • • Capturing Data Setup Step 1: Connect the Analyzer to Your DUT Setup Step 2: Preset the Analyzer (Optional) •...
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Calibrating the HP 3563A ........... 7-43 Auto Calibration ..........7-44 Calibration at Power-up 7-44 • Using Engineering Units ..........7-45 Entering EU Labels ..........7-46...
  • Page 8 Table of Contents Opening a Throughput File • • • Step 1: Set File Size Step 2: Open and Name the File ..9-9 • • ..9-10 Collecting Throughput Data •...
  • Page 9 Table of Contents Chapter 11: Disc/Plotter/HP·IB Operations Purpose Of This Chapter ..11·1 The HP·IB Function Menu ...... 11·2 • • • • The SELECT ADDRES Menu ..11-3 • •...
  • Page 10 Table of Contents Connections Chapter Digital ..13·1 ... Purpose Of This Chapter ..Introduction . . 13·2 • Digital Overview: The Hardware 13·3 •...
  • Page 11 Table of Contents Volume Chapter 15: Math & Auto Math Purpose Of This Chapter 15·1 • Waveform Math ..........15·1 Waveform Math Overview 15·2 •...
  • Page 12 Table of Contents How Coherence is Used in Curve Fitting 16-35 · 16-36 How Auto Order Defines a Good Fit · 16-36 Effect on Weighting Function ..· • • • • 16-37 The Weighting Function ..... · 16-38 Fitting Measurements With Delay •...
  • Page 13 Table of Contents Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data ....... . . 17-34 Entering Pole-Residue Data: s-Domain .
  • Page 15 HP 3563A. The HP 3563A offers a variety of features to help you test, analyze, and design analog, digital, and mixed (analog and digital) systems and devices - in both the time and frequency domains. A pair of differential analog-inputs let you measure analog signals from DC to 100 kHz.

  • Page 16: Volume I

    How to Use this Manual How to Use this Manual This manual consists of two volumes which describe all features in the HP 3563A Control Systems Analyzer (except HP-IB operation; for this information, see the HP 3563A Programming Manual). The information in this manual is divided into chapters - the information that you will use most often is in volume 1.
  • Page 17 Time Throughput Shows you how to create, run and edit auto-sequence programs, Auto Sequence Programming Shows you how to use the HP 3563A as an HP-IB controller to plot the display, Disc/Plotter/HP-iB Operation access disc drives, and output HP-IB command strings,...

  • Page 18: Where To Find Additional Information

    HP 3563A via HP-IB. The HP 3563A Service Manual shows you how to maintain, troubleshoot, and repair the HP 3563A Internal to the HP 3563A are help text and visual help. Press HELP to access the HP 3563A's help text- reference information about any hardkey or softkey. Press SPCL FCTN...

  • Page 19: Some Terms To Know

    Introduction Some Terms to Know Some Terms to Know The following are terms used throughout this manual that you may not be familiar with: Hard keys are all the keys on the front of the analyzer not including the eight softkeys. Hardkeys are grouped by function, as labeled on the analyzer's front panel.
  • Page 20 Introduction Some Terms to Know Soft key Menu Entry J��L � DOlO Softkeys Toggle Soflkeys l"l'Iee Select ions (bracket marks \is!) OH"" INPUT Cl1AIi ;2 '''' UT SO\.f\CE TR� TYPES Disploys Anoth!':!r Menu se"", Figure 1-1. Softkey Example: Select Trigger Menu 1 -6...

  • Page 21: Front-Panel Tour

    0 "'0 �QOIO"' l'II>(:I I; --.., � � • 8,8,8 3563A Figure 1-2. HP Front Panel Connection Channel and Channel Input Connectors The maximum input signal level allowed on the input connectors is ± 42 V relative to chassis ground. Larger voltages could damage the channel input circuitry. The outer conductors of the BNC connectors are connected to chassis ground.

  • Page 22: Measurement Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Measurement Block This group of keys lets you select parameters that determine how the analyzer performs a measurement. MEASUREMENT r- INPUT SETlP ----, 1-4. Figure Measurement Block M EAS MODE: selects the measurement mode SELECT MEAS: selects measurement to be calculated WINDOW: selects the window used in the FFT analysis AVG: selects averaging types and number of averages FREQ: selects the measurement frequency range...

  • Page 23: Display Block

    Introduction Front·Panel Tour Display Block A wide choice of display formats and coordinates enhances the analysis of measurements. Depending on the selected measurement, several functions can be displayed. For example, if the selected measurement is FREQ RESP, the measurement display selections include power spectrum and frequency response.

  • Page 24: Markers Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Markers Block Markers simplify the analysis of displayed data. Marker functions include single-point and band (delta; L'.) cursor operation. Special markers (such as gain and phase margin, peak search, harmonic, and sideband markers), and slope readauts save time in network and spectrum analysis. QJ QJ Figure 1·6.

  • Page 25: Entry Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Entry Block You can enter discrete frequencies and levels using the numeric keypad. If a marker is active, the MARKER VALUE hardkey can be used to enter the displayed marker amplitude or frequency value for the active parameter. The up/down arrow keys and the knob are used for fast entry or adjustment of numerical parameters.

  • Page 26: Operators Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Operators Block These four hard keys access softkeys that perform advanced analysis of measurement data. OPERATORS CuRV E SYN TH Figure 1-8. Operators Block MATH: performs waveform math block operations such as algebra, integration, differentiation, forward and inverse Fourier transforms. AUTO MATH: used to automate math calculations or perform repeated math on measurements as data is collected (See AUTO MATH in the MEAS OISP menu SYNTH: performs frequency-response trace synthesis from data entered in the synthesis table.

  • Page 27: Control Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Control Block This group of keys helps control the analyzer's operation. CCNTROL leQNT START PRESET FeTN RECALL Figure 1-9. Control Block START: used to start a measurement. PAUSE/CONT: used to pause or continue a measurement. AUTO SEa: used to set up and control auto sequence programs.

  • Page 28: Hp-Ib Block

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour H P-IB Block These keys allow configuration of the analyzer to provide direct control of external HP-IB plotters and disk drives, for documentation of measurement or analysis results. HP-18 REf.lOTE LISTEN TAlK Figure 1-10. HP-IB Block DISC:...

  • Page 29: Help Key

    Introduction Front-Panel Tour Help Key The HELP hardkey provides quick, easy to find information shown on the analyzer's display. Press the H E LP key twice for general information. Press the HELP followed by any other key for details about that key. Figure 1-12.
  • Page 30 Introduction Front-Panel Tour 1-16...
  • Page 31 This chapter begins by explaining the steps necessary to set up the HP 3563A for your measurements. The remainder of the chapter then compares the analyzer's four different measurement modes and discusses why you might select one over another.

  • Page 32: Chapter 2: Measurement Overview

    Measurement Overview Steps to set up a Measurement Steps to set up a Measu rement With the HP 3563A, all measure men ts begin by selecting one of the following four measurement modes: • Linear Resolution Mode (described in chapter 3) •...
  • Page 33 Measuremem uvervlew Steps to set up a Measurement M:;': AS O!SF S=:L.ECT INPUT FREO MEAS CONFIG VIEW lNFU, 2-1. Figure Typical Flow Diagram C h a n n e l C a n f i g iNPUT POD 1 '"' �...

  • Page 34: Measurement Modes: A Comparison

    Time capture mode in the HP 3563A allov. 'S you to capture a block of data up to ten time records (20,480 samples) on one channel, then measure and analyze the block after the input signal has been removed. Time capture is used to record waveforms and to increase the effective real time bandwidth ( RTBW) to 100 kHz.

  • Page 35: Menus Dependent On Measurement Mode

    Measurement uveovlew Measurement Modes: A Comparison Menus Dependent on Measurement Mode Most hardkeys, when pressed, display menus next to the softkeys. For example, when you press MEAS MODE, a menu appears next to the softkeys that allows you to select a measurement mode. It is important to know that the menus for some hardkeys change as the measurement mode changes.

  • Page 36: Measurement Modes And Measurements

    For all measurements, data may be taken through one or two channels, either of which may be digital or analog, in any combination. Figure 2-3 shows you the measurement process used by the HP 3563A. The process flow does not always include all the blocks shown for example, swept sine measurements do not use the digital filter, trigger, window, or FFT blocks .
  • Page 37 Measurement uverv.ew Measurement Modes: A Comparison Qualifiers D i s plays Digital Digital Rounding Input acldc coupling & Ranging Analog Instantaneous Anti-Alias SamplelHold Input L.P. Time Filter (Instantaneous) Groun Linear Spectrum linstantaneous) Input, Digita! (Filtered) Trigger Time Record (Filtered) Digital Filter Window Linear Spectrum Channel...

  • Page 38: Measurement Modes And Displays

    For example, suppose that you just completed a frequency-response measurement. The HP 3563A can perform calculations on the collected data to obtain a number of different measurement displays, such as frequency response,...
  • Page 39 Measurement uvervlew Measurement Modes: A Comparison Table Available Displays 2-1 . ( ME MEASUREMENT M D DE S MODE Hardkey) MEASUREMENT DISPLAY TYPE (SELECT MEAS Hardkey) Time Capture Log Res Swept Sine Un Res Measurement Displays Frequency Response - Frequency Response - Coherence - Power Spectrum - Cross Spectrum...
  • Page 40 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A Comparison Instantaneous Displays Instantaneous displays are available in all four measurement modes, as shown in the following table. time-domain These displays allow you to see the signal present at the analyzer's input (see figure 2-3). The signal that you see with these displays has not been filtered to the current frequency span (in other words, instantaneous displays are always full span [lOO kHz]).
  • Page 41 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A C om p ar Filtered·lnput Displays Filtered-input displays are available only in linear resolution and time capture modes, as shown in the following tables. Figure 2-3, "Measurement Process Diagram", shows how these displays are derived. Notice from figure 2-3 that filtered-input displays allow you to see time-domain displays (time record displays) or fre q uency-domain displays (linear spectrum displays).
  • Page 42 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A Comparison Filtered -input displays can be used with instantaneous displays to check analyzcr configurat ion. For example, you can use an instantaneous display to verify that a signal is present al the analyzer's input. Then, you can use a filtered-input display to verify that the signal is present after it has been triggered, filtered to the current frequency span, and windowed.
  • Page 44 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A Comparison Trace Units You select trace units with the hardkey, as shown in figure 2-4. Table 2-6 shows you the UNITS units available for the horizontal and vertical axes. The units for the horizontal axis are used in all four measurement modes.
  • Page 45 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A C o mp Table 2-6. Units for Horizontal and Vertical Axes Available Units Axis Power-Spectrum Units Vertical Axis Linear -Spectrum Units Swept Units Hz t Horizontal Axis RPM (revolutions per minute) Orders Seconds Revolutions These untts are used only for frequency-domain traces These untts are used only for time-domain traces.
  • Page 46 Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A Comparison Table Power-Spectrum, Linear-Spectrum, and Swept U nits 2-8. Available Units Type Of Units Power-Spectrum Linear-Spectrum Swept Base Unit Peak Peak Peak V rms V rms V rms Trace Amplitude VR z VR z VR z often referred to as the Power Spectral-Density (PSD).

  • Page 47: Measurement Modes And Averaging

    Measurement Overview Measurement Modes: A Comparison Measurement Modes and Averaging All four measurement modes allow you to average your measurements. With averaging ON, the measurement stops after the analyzer takes the specified number of averages. With averaging OFF, the measurement continues indefinitely, until it is stopped or paused. To turn averaging ON, press and select one o[ the average types shown in the following table;...

  • Page 48: Measurement Modes And Source Types

    Measurement Modes: A Comparison Measurement Modes and Source Types All measurement modes allow you to use the HP 3563A's source to stimulate your device-under-test. The following table shows the source types available for each measurement mode. To select a source type, press SOURCE followed by the source type.
  • Page 49 I ntroduction This section contains four chapters: • Chapter 3: Linear Resolution Mode • Chapter 4: Log Resolution Mode • Chapter 5: Swept Sine Mode • Chapter 6: Time Capture Mode These chapters describe the analyzer's four measurement modes. Each chapter begins with the steps necessary to set up a measurement (the steps differ for each measurement mode).

  • Page 51: Purpose Of This Chapter

    This chapter contains a detailed description of the linear resolution mode. The linear resolution mode provides complex spectrum data that is linearly spaced. As a reminder, the HP 3563A offers four measurement techniques - called measurement modes. You choose the measurement technique you want by selecting one of the following four measurement modes: •...

  • Page 53: S E Lecting The Linear Resolution Mode

    Selecting The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting The Linear Reso l ution Mode To put the HP 3563A in the linear resolution mode, press MEAS MODE. The softkeys that appear depend on which measurement mode is selected. Press LINEAR RES to configure the analyzer to 3-1.

  • Page 54: Viewing The Input S I Goals

    Using The linear Resolution Mode Viewing the Input Signals Viewing the Input Signals VIEW INPUT hardkey allows you to look at the input signals before they are filtered to a reduced frequency span, triggered, or measured. These instantaneous displays can be viewed at any time, even if the measurement is in progress, waiting for a trigger, or completed.
  • Page 55 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Viewing the Input Signals I NP U T TIME SPEC 1 INPUT SPEC 2 INPUT DIG 1 . RETURN [ MEAS MODe J [THRUPT ON OFF) Blank if is selected Figure 3-2. VIEW INPUT Menu Diagram: Linear Resolution Mode...
  • Page 56 The uncalibrated and 2 displays message "Uncal" that appears with the INPUT SPEC indicates that these traces have not been corrected by the HP 3563A's calibration routine. INPUT Displays the full-span frequency spectrum (FFT) of the Channel 2 time SPEC2 domain data.
  • Page 57 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Viewing the Input Signals INPUT Displays the Channel 2 digital input in digital format. See the DIG 2 description of INPUT DIG for details. VIEW Disables updating of the view input displays. This does not interrupt the flow of the input signals to the instrument, but merely suspends display updating.

  • Page 58: Setting Up The Source: Linear Resolution Mode

    Setting up the Sou rce: Linear Resol ution M ode The source is used to stimulate the device under test. The HP 3563A offers several types of stimulus signals, all of which can be used in either analog or digital form. When the internal 256 kHz sample...
  • Page 59 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode " ,AM o!og [ � SOORCE FIXE D Figure 3-3. SOURCE Menu Diagram: Linear Resolution Mode 3·9...

  • Page 60: Using The Analog Source

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Using the Analog Source To select analog output [or the source, press SOURCE and toggle SOURCE AN DIG so that highlighted and underlined. In this case, the following soft keys appear: Note When the source is analog, the source output is the front-panel BNC labeled SOURCE.

  • Page 61: Using The Digital Source

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Using the Digital Source To select digital output for the source, press SOURCE and toggle SOURCE AN DIG so that DIG is highlighted and underlined. In this case, the following soft keys appear: Chapter 13, "Digital Connections", and chapter 14, "Digital &...
  • Page 62 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Pulls up the source-types menu. See "Selecting a Source Type." SOURCE TYPE Pulls up the interface menu. This menu is used only when the source INTER­ FACE output is digital (see "The INTERFACE Menu"). It allows you to define Data Format, Range, and Qualifier bits for a digital source type.

  • Page 63: Selecting A Source Type

    Note For a general discussion of stimulus signals, leakage and windowing, refer to Hewlett-Packard Application Note 243. Contact your HP Sales Representative to obtain a copy. The burst source signals are present only when the trigger is armed and the trigger conditions have been met.
  • Page 64 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode BURST Selects the burst chirp output and allows you to enter the percentage of CHIRP the record containing the burst from 1 to 99%. The default is 70%. Selects the f ixed sine output and allows you to enter a frequency, which FIXED SINE...
  • Page 65 Using The Linear Hesolullon Moae Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode SOURCE TYPE I When the measurement mode is linear resolution and you press SOURCE I the following softkeys appear: MORE TYPES, Sets the source type to be the unit pulse. This source type is not PULSE band-limited to the frequency span of the measurement.
  • Page 66 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Source Type Descriptions The following information describes each source type. Table 3-1 summarizes the source types used for frequency-domain measurements. Table 3-1. Summary of Source Output Characteristics Fixed Burst Periodic Burst...
  • Page 67 Using The Linear Resolution Moae Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Burst random supplies random noise during the specified percentage of the time record and no output for the remainder of the record. Because the burst signal is not on for the entire -t i me record, the leakage problems associated with continuous random noise can be avoided.
  • Page 68 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Periodic chirp supplies a fast sine sweep over a frequency span with a period that equals the time record length. For all-analog or all-digital measurements, or mixed measurements where the mixed-ratio is one, the chirp sweeps over the current measurement span.
  • Page 69 Using The Linear ReSOlUtion Moae Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Pulse sets the source type to be the unit pulse. The pulse starts at the beginning of the measurement data record and ends (goes to zero) one sample later. It is most useful when trying to measure impulse response.

  • Page 70: Using The Arhitrary Source

    SOURCE TYPES followed by MORE TYPES. Then press USER SA VD Arbitrary source data may come from: • HP-IB • A measurement time record • One of the analyzer's other source types • A waveform created using: - Synthesis (see chapter 17) •...
  • Page 71 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode is dependent on the selected frequency span and The output spectrum of the arbitrary source sample clock. The time-axis values stored with the trace in USER SAVD 2 do not affect the rate at which the source data is replayed.
  • Page 72 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Normalizing A Waveform ± Arbitrary source data is scaled relative to 1.0 volt for full scale output. This allows you to use the arbitrary source to send a bit pattern or a command to an interface board. However, a saved ±...
  • Page 73 Using The Linear Resolution MOde Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode The following key sequence sets the frequency span and generates a template time record for trace A and trace B: PRESET Resets the analyzer to a known state. PAUSE/CONT Pauses the measurement.
  • Page 74 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode The following key sequence uses the DATA EDIT softkey to generate amplitude ramps in the B trace. For example, you want an amplitude ramp from 0.1 to 1.0 from 0 to 20 kHz (with an amplitude of 1.0 V from 20 to 50 kHz).
  • Page 75 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode The following key sequence multiplies trace A and trace B to obtain an amplitude profile chirp as shown in the following figure: Activates Trace MATH Multiplies the active trace by the next key press. TRACE B In this case, multiplies the active trace (trace A) by trace B.
  • Page 76 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode The following key sequence saves the amplitude profile chirp in trace A to the User Save Data Block 2. Note As mentioned previously, trace data for the analyzer's arbitrary source must be normalized (with 1.0 being the maximum value) before it is saved.
  • Page 77 Using The Linear HeSOIUtlon Mooe Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode To view your new amplitude profile chirp, connect the source to Channel 1 and set up a source triggered measurement by pressing the following keys: AVG OFF Turns averaging off. SELECT TRIG S O U RC E TRIG Selects source trigger (measurement triggers from source).
  • Page 78 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting up the Source: Linear Resolution Mode Using the Arbitrary Source With a Zoomed Measurement The output spectrum of the arbitrary source is dependent on the selected frequency span, but not on the center frequency. In other words, the arbitrmy source output not band translated.

  • Page 79: Source Protection

    Switching source types or changing the output level can potentially damage devices under test. To help you avoid this, the HP 3563A offers source protection. Protection causes the source to ramp from its current level to the desired level, rather than changing instantaneously. When active,...

  • Page 80: Setting The Input Range

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Setting the Input Range Setti ng the In put Range After you set up the source, you should set the input range. The input range is set with the RANGE hardkey. You can manually set the range or have the analyzer automatically select the best range. The range options available differ for analog and digital inputs.
  • Page 81 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display SELECT M EAS POWER SPEC CROSS CORR CH 11.2 ACTIVE ACT I VE ACTIVE Figure 3-7. SELECT MEAS Menu Diagram: Linear Resolution Mode 3·31...
  • Page 82 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The soft keys in the SELECT MEAS menu do the following: Selects the frequency response measurement. (For details, see "The FREQ RESP Frequency Response Measurement" later in this chapter). POWER Selects the power spectrum measurement.

  • Page 83: Selecting A Display

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display Selecting a Display The linear resolution mode offers a number of ways to display your measurement data. You can choose instantaneous displays (press VIEW INPUT , f iltered-input displays (press MEAS DISP followed by FILTRD I NPUT), or measurement displays (press MEAS DISP).
  • Page 84 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display AUTO (OI=l R HI S T CROSS SPEC POWER CORR FREO RESP ACI've Both Chormels One (hOt'll'l e l Bolh (ilol'Y1li!ts One (ncrnel Both themels Cr.e Channel And Gis T I M AV Active Active Ach"'2...

  • Page 85: The Frequency Response Measurement

    (The phase response can be viewed by pressing PHASE in the COORD menu.) In the HP 3563A, the signal on Channel ! is assumed to be the system's input, and the signal on Channel 2 is assumed to be its output.
  • Page 86 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Frequency-Response Measurement Display The frequency response display shows you the frequency response of your measurement. The frequency response is calculated as the ratio of the cross spectrum to the Channel 1 power spectrum as follows: .§r.
  • Page 87 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Coherence Measurement Display The coherence measurement display calculates and displays the coherence of the frequency response. Coherence shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the input spectrum, according to the following formula: GyxGyx* GxxGyy...
  • Page 88 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display )( . " 9.90e12�"';", YCl�'53.e&", COt"iERENCe: '" " IDr" Coherence Scaled from 0.0 to 1.0 50.25 .. Figure 3-10. The Coherence Measurement Display 3-38...
  • Page 89 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement Display The power spectrum is the FFT of the input signal (in other words, the linear spectrum) multiplied by its complex conjugate. You can display the power spectrum for Channel l or Channel 2. For an example of this display, see figure 3-13.
  • Page 90 Using The linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display X�50KH ;:: CROSS SPEC Y O . _ � 3 _ 7 " 3 dElve",,,, 10.0 Scaled in dB 1v 2r� Referenced _90.0 50.25>< 3-1 1 . Figure The Cross-Spectrum Measurement Display 3-40...
  • Page 91 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Impulse-Response Measurement Display The impulse-response measurement display is the inverse FFT of frequency response; it shows response a function of time as follows: h(t)= FFT - [H(f)] where: H (t) is the frequency response It is useful for studying transient behavior and measuring time delay.

  • Page 92: The Power Spectrum Measurement

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power Spectrum Measurement The power spectrum measurement shows tbe input signal in the frequency domain. It is computed by multiplying the FFT of tbe signal by its complex conjugate: Gxx= FxFx* where: Fx Is the channel's linear spectrum...
  • Page 93 Using The Linear Resolution MO<le Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement Display The power-spectrum measurement display shows you the power spectrum for the selected channel. Figure 3-13 shows an example of the power spectrum measurement and its measurement display. .c.YwSJ;.01 X·50lo<1-1% v .

  • Page 94: The Auto Correlation Measurement

    The auto correlation measurement indicates periodicity in time domain signals. It multiplies the signal by a progressively time-shifted version of itself; this emphasizes periodic parts of the signal and de-emphasizes non periodic parts. In the HP 3563A it is computed using the inverse FFT of the power spectrum:...
  • Page 95 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display To select a measurement display for the auto correlation measurement, press MEAS DlSP (see figure 3-8). Notice that a number of different measurement displays are available for this measurement, such as: Displays the auto correlation of the signal on Channel 1.
  • Page 96 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement a The Auto-Correlation Measurement Display Figure 3-14 shows an example of the auto-correlation measurement display. To select this display, press MEAS DISP, followed by the AUTO CORR1 AUTO CORR2 soft keys. ____ __ __ __ __ View Input Display Sine Wave Imbedded in Fluctuating...

  • Page 97: The Cross Correlation Measurement

    Channel 1 and the signal on Channel 2. It multiplies the Channel 1 signal by a progressively time-shifted version of the Channel 2 signal; this emphasizes similarities between the two while de-emphasizing differences. In the HP HP 3563A it is computed as the inverse FFT of the cross spectrum:...
  • Page 98 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Cross-Correlation Measurement Display Figure 3-15 shows an example of the cross-correlation measurement display. To select this display, press MEAS DISP, followed by the CROSS CORR softkey. 1AvlOl O%Ovll') CROSS CORR Measurement Display Selection IDi"...

  • Page 99: The Histogram Measurement

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Histogram Measurement The histogram measurement shows how the amplitude of the input signal is distributed between its maximum and minimum values versus the number of occurences or measurements. Some of its uses are determining the statistical properties of noise and monitoring the performance of electromechanical positioning systems.
  • Page 100 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The H istogram Measurement Display Figure 3-16 shows an example of the histogram measurement display. To select this display, press MEAS DISP followed by the HIST1 or HIST 2 softkeys. HlST O""O ...
  • Page 101 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Probability-Density-Function (PDF) Measurement Display The probability density function, computed by normalizing the histogram, is a statistical measure of the probability that a specific level occurred. The PDF is normalized by multiplying the number of averages by 2048 (the number of points in the time record;...
  • Page 102 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Cumulative-Density-Function (CDF) Measurement Display The cumulative density function, computed by integrating the PDF, shows the probability that a level equal to or less than a specific level occurred. Figure 3-18 shows an example of the CDF measurement display.

  • Page 103: Frequency Spans In The Linear Resolution Mode

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans i n the Linear Resolution Mode Table 3-1 shows the available spans for the linear resolution mode. Frequency spans in the linear resolution mode are predefined; if a value other than one of these is entered for the span, the analyzer selects the next higher available value.
  • Page 104 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode 3-1. Table Valid Frequency Spans Span Resolution Record Length Availablity 1 0.24 mHz 1 2 .8 " Hz 78,1235 ba5eband 39,062.55 20.48 mHz 25.6 /< Hz zoom 32" Hz 25.6 mHz 31.250s ba5eband...
  • Page 105 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Availablity Resolution Record Lenglh Span both 200.0 Hz 250 mHz 3.2s both 250.0 Hz 31 2.5 mHz 2.56s both 312.5 Hz 390.62 mHz 400 mHz 2.5s zoom 320.0 Hz 488.28 mHz 2.048s both...

  • Page 106: Setting The Frequency Span And Time Record Length

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Setting the Frequency Span and Time Record Length To set the frequency span or time record length, press FREQ to display the menu shown in figure 3-19; then select one of the softkeys shown. Notice that there are two possible menus: one when both input channels are analog, another when one channel (or both) is digital.
  • Page 107 Using The Linear Resolution MOde Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode The softkeys in the FREQ menu do the following (for a description of the softkeys under SAMPLE CLOCK, see the following section, "External Sampling"): Sets the frequency span; the span may also be entered immediately after FREO SPAN pressing FREQ.
  • Page 108 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Hints for Setting the Frequency Span The frequency soft keys are easy to use if you treat start/stop and span/center as separate pairs. Specify the frequency by entering start and stop frequencies or by entering center frequency and span.

  • Page 109: Determining Valid Frequency Spans

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Determ ining Valid Frequency Spans In linear resolution mode, the analyzer's frequency span is affected by the following: • Internal Sampling - The number of frequency lines (selected in the WIN DOW menu) •...
  • Page 110 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Unear Resolution Mode How Internal Sampling Affects the Frequency Span For internal sampling, use the values in table 3-1 to determine valid frequency spans. The values in table 3-1 are based on a sample frequency of 256 kHz (the analyzer's internal sample frequency) and a display of 801 frequency-lines.
  • Page 111 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode span, Furthermore, to determine the maximum frequency use the following formulas: If LINES 801 is selected: M · axlmum pan 2.56 If LINES 1024 is selected: If you are making mixed measurements (one channel digital, the other analog), the frequency span is still dependent on the sample frequency - but in a different way.

  • Page 112: Real·time Bandwidth

    However, RTBW is very important when measuring nondeterministic signals. With fast averaging on, the HP 3563A's maximum real time bandwidths in the linear resolution mode are 10 kHz for single-channel measurements and 5 kHz for dual-channeL To achieve the greatest possible RTBW, you need to limit the number of display calculations required.

  • Page 113: Frequency Span Versus Time Record Length

    Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Span Versus Time Record Length The HP 3563A allows you to set either the frequency span or the time record length in a measurement. The two are related by this formula: time record length(in seconds)

  • Page 114: External Sampling

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Linear Resolution Mode External Sampling The HP 3563A allows you to use its internal sample frequency (256 kHz) or an external sample frequency. The analyzer uses the sample frequency (Fs) to: •...
  • Page 115 The HP 3563A's anti-aliasing protection, which is assured at the 256 kRz sample frequency, decreases as you decrease the sample frequency. To avoid aliasing problems, you should use a ratio synthesizer or some other device to keep the sample frequency close to 256 kRz. Or, make sure there are no frequency components in the input greater than half the sample frequency (Fs!2).

  • Page 116: Selecting A Window

    FFT assumes all inputs are periodic, For more details about leakage and windowing, obtain a copy of Hewlett-Packard Application Note 243 from your HP Sales Representative. The HP 3563A offers six windows: Hann, flat top, uniform, force, exponential, and user-def ined. To select a window, press WINDOW to display the menu in figure 3-22.

  • Page 117: Window Menu Description

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Window WINDOW Menu Description When you press WINDOW, the following softkeys appear: Selects the Hann window for both channels. HANN Selects the flat top window for both channels. FLAT UNIFRM Selects the uniform window for both channels. (NONE) FORCE Displays the FORCE/EXPON menu, which is used to select the force...
  • Page 118 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Window The Hann, flat top, uniform, and user-defined windows are applied to both channels. The force and exponential windows may be applied individually. Pressing FORCE/EXPON displays the following menu: Selects the force window for Channel 1; enter the width using the Entry FORCE CH AN 1 group.

  • Page 119: The Hann Window

    Using The Linear R s o lut Mode c t ing a Window The Hann Window The Hann window attenuates the input signal at both ends of the time record, which forces the signal to appear periodic. The disadvantage of the Hann window is some amplitude inaccuracy for sinusoidal signals (up to - 1.5 dB), as compared to the flat top window.

  • Page 120: The Flat Top Window

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Window Selecting a The Flat Top Window The flat top window compensates for the amplitude inaccuracy of the Hann with its slightly flatter shape, as shown in figure 3-24. The trade-off is the loss of some frequency resolution due to its ..

  • Page 121: The Force Window

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Window The Force Window The force window passes the first part of the time record and attenuates the last part, as shown in figure 3-25. The width you enter after pressing FORCE CHAN 1 or FORCE CHAN 2 determines how much of the signal is passed and how much is attenuated.

  • Page 122: The Exponential Window

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Selecting a Window The Exponential Window The exponential window attenuates the input signal at a decaying exponential rate determined by the time constant you entered after pressing EXPON CHAN 1 or EXPON CHAN 2. The general shape of the exponential window is shown in figure 3-26.

  • Page 123: The User-Defined Window

    Selecting a Window The User-defined Window Selecting USER SAVD 1 forces the HP 3563A to use the time waveform stored in the SAVE DATA #1 data block as the window. This feature allows you to apply your own waveform as a window.

  • Page 124: Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging improves the measurement and analysis of signals that are purely random or mixed random and periodic. Averaged measurements can yield either higher signal-to-noise ratios or improved statistical accuracy (see "Linear versus Power Spectrum Quantity Averaging"...
  • Page 125 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode The softkeys you see when you press AVG are as follows: Allows you to set the number of averages, from 1 to 32767 (using the NUMBER Entry group). The number of averages can also be entered immediately AVGS after AVG is pressed.

  • Page 126: Measurements With Averaging Off

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode The NEXT softkey pulls up another menu that allows you to modify other averaging parameters, such as the overlap percentage, overload rejection, fast averaging, and previewing. The softkeys in this menu are: Allows you to set the overlap percentage from 0 to 90%, using the OVLRP%...
  • Page 127 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode weights new data more than old to maintain a moving average, rather than Exponential averaging the cumulative result provided by stable averaging. It displays the result of each intermediate average (if fast averaging is off).

  • Page 128: Linear Versus Power Spectrum Quantity Averaging Ocess

    Averaging I n The Linear Resolution Mode Linear Versus Power Spectrum Quantity Averaging The HP 3563A offers both linear and power spectrum quantity averaging processes for stable and exponential averaging. For linear averaging (TM AVG ON), the averaged quantity is the time record.
  • Page 129 HP Sales Representative. The HP 3563A allows overlap processing from 0 to 90% of the time record. The default at power-on and after reset is 0%. Overlap processing is applicable only to freerun triggering (see "Setting Up Triggering"...

  • Page 130: Overload Rejection

    Fast Averaging Fast averaging causes the HP 3563A to measure and average as fast as possible without stopping to update the display every time an intermediate average is calculated. The display is not updated until the specified number of averages have been calculated.
  • Page 131 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Averaging In The Linear Resolution Mode MEAS OISP MEAS OISP Filtered Input Menu When Both Channels ore Active (Continued from Menu Diagram] When demodulation is OFF AND ave roging is ON 3 When demoduiolion is ON AND WINDOW AND previewing is ON AND Channel...

  • Page 132: Filtered.input Displays

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Filtered-Input Displays Fi ltered-In put Displays Chapter 2, "Measurement Ovetview," explains how filtered-input displays are derived and how they differ from measurement displays and instantaneous displays. This chapter describes each filtered-input display and shows you how they are selected. To select a filtered-input display, press MEAS OISP followed by FIL TRD INPUT.

  • Page 133: Choosing A Filtered-Input Display

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Filtered-Input Displays Choosing a Filtered-Input Display You choose a filtered input display by selecting one of the soft keys shown in figure 3-29 or figure 3-30. Notice that different softkeys, or different filtered-input displays, are available depending on how you configure the analyzer.
  • Page 134 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Filtered-Input Displays The Time Record Filtered-Input Displays The "time record" is the amount of time domain data required to perform one FFT. The "time record length" is the length of time required to fill the time record. Figure 3-31 shows an example of the time record filtered-input display.
  • Page 135 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Filtered-Input Displays The Linear Spectrum Filtered-Input Displays The linear spectrum filtered-input displays show the input signals after they have been triggered, filtered to the current frequency span, windowed, and transformed to the frequency domain. The linear spectrum is the FFT of the time record.
  • Page 136 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Filtered-Input Displays The Orbit Diagram The orbit diagram, often referred to as a Lissajous pattern, compares the two input time waveforms, Channel 1 versus Channel 2. One of its uses is detecting asymmetries in rotating machinery. The orbit diagram has special scaling characteristics;...

  • Page 137: Demodulated Measurements

    You can demodulate any linear resolution measurement. This section shows you how to demodulate a measurement and the special displays available for demodulated data. There are several points to consider when using the HP 3563A's demodulation feature: • Demodulation can be used only in conjunction with the linear resolution mode.

  • Page 138: The Demodulation Softkeys

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements The Demodulation Softkeys The softkeys used to set up demodulation are found under the bardkey (see figure MEAS MODE 3-1). To access the demodulation softkeys, press and toggle DEMOD ON OFF to ON MEAS MODE (this turns on, or activates, demodulation).
  • Page 139 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements When you press DEMOD SELECT, the following softkeys appear: Selects Channel 1 for demodulation and displays the demod types DEMOD CHAN 1 menu. Selects Channel 2 for demodulation and displays the demod types DEMOD CHAN 2 menu.
  • Page 140 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements The Delete Frequency Menu Pressing DELETE FREQ pulls up the Delete Frequency menu. This menu allows you to edit the delete-frequency table. The delete-frequency table allows you to delete portions of the incoming signal before it is demodulated (see "Step 5: Set Up the Delete Frequency table").

  • Page 141: Setting Up A Demodulation Measurement

    Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements Setting up a Demodulation Measurement There are eight steps for setting up a demodulated measurement. 1. Activate demodulation: press MEAS MODE followed by LINEAR RES. Then toggle DEMOD ON OFF to ON. 2. Select the channel(s) to be demodulated: press DEMOD SELECT followed by DEMOD CHAN 1 , DEMOD CHAN 2, or DEMOD BOTH.
  • Page 142 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements Step 3: Select Demodulation Type(s) AM, F M or PM demodulation can be selected independently on either channel. Keep in mind that if demodulation has been selected on a single channel, a baseband measurement is set up on the other channel.
  • Page 143 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements Note · This Display is not Calibrated INST LIN unr:: c l I"'Qo 12.5 Indicates FM Demod _67.5 The trace and markers are scaled in "volts " but this should be interpreted 7S.0 as "Hertz.
  • Page 144 However, with USER CRRIER, the frequency you enter is applied to both channels. The auto carrier values derived during a measurement can be read via HP-IB; refer to chapter 6 in the HP 3563A Programming Manual.
  • Page 145 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements D E M O D U L A T I O N Delet es from de to 3 Hz , �g g� ; � �� Deletes from 59 to 61 Hz � • Deletes from 75 to 80 kHz "...
  • Page 146 Using The Linear Resolution Mode Demodulated Measurements X_31.2S ",, · 0.0 '" OMon POLAR ImoQ Mod " _100 Figu r e 3-39. The DEMOD POLAR Display 3-96...

  • Page 147: Purpose Of This Chapter

    3563A offers four measurement techniques - called measurement modes. You choose the measurement technique you want by selecting one of the following four measurement modes: •...
  • Page 148 Using The Log Resolution Mode Measurement Setup: Log Resolution Mode Measurement Setup: Log Resoluti on Mode The steps necessary to set up a measurement in log resolution mode are slightly di fferent than those used for linear resolution mode. For instance, you do not need to select a window (with the WINDOW hardkey) in log resolution mode - log resolution mode does not use windows.

  • Page 149: Log Resolution Vs. Linear Resolution

    Using ne LOg HeSOIUtlon Mooe Log Resolution vs. Linear Resolution Log Resolution vs. Linear Resol ution Measurements differ between log resolution and linear resolution modes. Specifically, you should be aware of the following when taking measurements in the log resolution mode: •...

  • Page 150: How Log Resolution Is Measured

    To understand how the HP 3563A measures with log resolution, start with a one-decade example, at the 10 Hz to 100 Hz span. The analyzer's first step is to make an 801-point linear resolution measurement from 0 to 100 Hz.
  • Page 151 ne LOg HeSOIUlIon IV1UU� How Log Resolution Is Measured In a three-decade measurement, for example, the first decade is measured on one side, and the second and third decades are measured on the other side, (This description applies (0 a single input channel;...

  • Page 152: Selecting The Log Resolution Mode

    Selecting The Log Resolution Mode Selecting The Log Resolution Mode To put the HP 3563A in the log resolution mode, press MEAS MODE, The softkeys that appear depend on which measurement mode is selected, Press LOG RES to configure the analyzer to the log resolution mode.

  • Page 153: Viewing The Input Signals

    Using The Log Resolution MOde Viewing the I nput Signals Viewi n g the Input Signals VIEW INPUT hardkey allows you to look at the input signals before they are filtered to a reduced frequency span, triggered, or measured. These displays can be viewed at any instantaneous time, even if the measurement is in progress or completed.

  • Page 154: Setting Up The Source: Log Resolution Mode

    Sett i n g up the Source: Log Resolution Mode The source is used to stimulate devices under test. The offers several analog or digital HP 3563A source outputs. To set up the source. press SOURCE. The softkeys that appear for the log resolution mode depend on SOURCE DIG.

  • Page 157: Selecting A Measurement And Display

    Using The Log Hesolutlon Mooe Selecting a Measurement and Display SELECT MEAS POv/ER SPEC ACTIVE A C T I VE ACTIVE Figure 4-5. SELECT M EAS Menu Diagram: Log Resolution Mode 4-1 1...
  • Page 158 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The soft keys in the SELECT MEAS menu do the following: Selects the frequency response measurement. FREQ RESP POWER Selects the power spectrum measurement. SPEC CH 1 &2 Activates both channels. ACTIVE CH 1 Activates Channel...

  • Page 159: Selecting A Display

    Using The Log Resolution MOde Selecting a Measurement and Display Selecting a Display The log resolution mode offers a number of ways to display your measurement data. You can choose instantaneous displays (press VIEW INPUT) or measurement displays (press MEAS DISP).
  • Page 160 uSing I ne Log HeSOIUllon Mooe Selecting a Measurement and Display FREQ " RESP POWER SPEC O-,orrei Active Bolh ChannelS Active FREO POWER RESP SPEC POWER SPEC POWER SPEC CROSS SPEC O D D 1 If Channel is active, this key selects measurement display for Channel Channel is active.

  • Page 161: The Frequency Response Measurement

    (The phase response can be viewed by pressing PHASE in the menu.) In the 3563A, the signal on Channel is assumed to be the system's input, and signal on Channel is assumed to be its output. To select the frequency response measurement, press...
  • Page 162 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Frequency Response Measurement Display The frequency response measurement display shows you the frequency response of your measurement. Frequency response is calculated as the ratio of the cross spectrum to the Channel 1 power spectrum as follows: H(f)= where:...
  • Page 163 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Coherence Measurement Display The coherence measurement display calculates and displays the coherence of the freq uency response. Coherence shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the input spectrum, according to the following formula: where: Gyx is the cross spectrum...
  • Page 164 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display 4-7. Figure shows the coherence of the frequency response function shown in figure 10Ayg COHEREN�"" " 50'%0 Ip Uncorrelated Noise Injected into P><c:l y Measurement Showed Up as Poor D�Ovlp Coherence FREO RESP 10.0...

  • Page 165: The Power-Spectrum Measurement

    uSing I ne LOg HeSOIUlIon Mooe Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement Display The power spectrum is of the input signal (in other words, the linear spectrum) multiplied by its complex conjugate. You can display the power spectrum for Channel 1 or Channel For an example of this display, see figure 4-10.
  • Page 166 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display Figure 4-9 shows an example of the cross-spectrum measurement display. lOA,,� 50,",0"'0 CROSS spec � _20. � Measurement Display Selection IDly .0.0 -100 F"Cl Figure 4-9. The Cross Spectrum Measurement Display 4·20...
  • Page 167 Using ne Log Hesolutlon Mooe Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement The power spectrum measurement shows the input signal in the frequency domain. It is computed by multiplying the of the signal by its complex conjugate: Gxx= FxFx* where: is the channel's linear spectrum is its complex conjugate...
  • Page 168 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display To select a measurement display f or the power spectrum measurement. press MEAS DISP (see figure 4-6). Notice that a number of different measurement displays are available for this measurement, such as: Displays the power spectrum measured on Channel This softkey POWER...
  • Page 169 Using The Log Resolution Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement Display The power-spectrum measurement display is selected by pressing MEAS DISP, followed by the POWER SPEC or POWER SPEC 2 softkeys. Figure 4-10 shows an example of the power-spectrum measurement display.

  • Page 170: Frequency Spans In The Log Resolution Mode

    Using The Log Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Log Resolution Mode Freque ncy Spans i n the Log Resolution Mode The log resolution mode offers frequency spans. Table shows the available spans for the log resolution mode. The width of the frequency span is entered as an integer number of decades from one t o five.

  • Page 171: Setting The Frequency Span

    Using The Log Hesolutlon Moce Frequency Spans in the Log Resolution Mode Setting the Frequency Span To set the frequency span, press FREO to display the menu in figure 4-1 1 . Then select one of the soft keys shown. FREO SPAN STARTj...
  • Page 172 Using The Log Resolution Mode Frequency Spans in the Log Resolution Mode The softkeys in the FREQ menu do the following: FREQ Allows you to set the frequency span, from one to five decades, using SPAN the Entry group. You can also enter the span immediately after pressing FREQ.

  • Page 173: Determining Valid Frequency Spans

    Using The Log Resolution Mooe Frequency Spans in the Log Resolution Mode Determining Valid Frequency Spans In log resolution mode, the analyzer's frequency span is affected by the following: • External Sampling - The external sample-frequency The MIXED RATIO selection in the INPUT CONFIG menu How External Sampling Affects the Frequency Span For external sampling, you can use the values in table to determine valid frequency spans if the...

  • Page 174: Real Time Bandwidth

    The message "Real Time" is displayed at the end of the measurement if there were no gaps in the data. Note The HP 3563A double-buffers the input signals, so and 2-average measurements are always in real time. 4-2 8...
  • Page 175 Using ne Log Hesolullon Moce Averaging In The Resolution Mode Avera g i ng I n The Log Resolution Mode Averaging in the log resolution mode is identical to averaging in the linear resolution mode, with these exceptions: • In the log resolution mode, overlap processing applies only to the lowest decade in the multiple-decade measurements.
  • Page 176 Using The Log Resolution Mode Averaging In The Log Resolution Mode iNur'18ER� AVGS ') AV G ()f!' (MEAN) NEXT RETURN Figure 4-12. AVG Menu Diagram: Log Resolution Mode 4·30...

  • Page 177: Purpose Of This Chapter

    This chapter contains a detailed description of the swept sine mode. The swept sine mode makes frequency-domain measurements at a user-specified set of discrete frequencies. a reminder, the 3563A offers four measurement techniques - called measurement modes. You choose the measurement technique you want by selecting one of the following four measurement modes: •...

  • Page 178: Measurement Setup: Swept Sine Mode

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Measurement Setup: Swept Sine Mode Measurement Setup: Swept S i ne M ode The steps necessary t o set up a measurement in swept-sine mode are slightly different than those used for linear resolution or log resolution modes. For instance, you do not need to select a measurement in swept-sine mode - the frequency response measurement is the only measurement available in this measurement mode.

  • Page 179: Selecting Swept Sine Mode

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Selecting Swept Sine Mode Select i n g Swept S i n e M ode To put the HP in the swept sine mode, press MEAS MODE. The softkeys that appear under 3563A MEAS M O D E depend on which measurement mode is selected.
  • Page 180 Using The Swept Sine Mode Selecting Swept Sine Mode MEAS MODE You press SWEPT SINE to set up the The swept sine receiver swept sine receiver. measures the output of the system under test and compares it to the input applied by the source. Use the following softkeys to set up the swept sine receiver: LINEAR Selects a linear sweep.

  • Page 181: Viewing The Input Signals

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Viewing The Input Signals Viewin g The In put Signals VIEW INPUT hardkey allows you t o look at the input signals before they are filtered to a reduced frequency span, triggered, or measured. These displays can be viewed at any instantaneous time, even when the measurement is in progress.
  • Page 182 Using The Swept Sine Mode Viewing The Input Signals VIEW INPUT I N P U T TIME 1 I N PUT TIME 2 SPEC 1 INPUT SPEC 2 DIG 1 INPUT DIG 2 INPUT Figure 5-2. VIEW INPUT Menu Diagram: Swept Sine Mode...

  • Page 183: Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine Mode

    :;wept :;me Mooe Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine Mode Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine M ode The HP 3563A offers several analog or digital outputs in the swept sine mode. To set up the source, press SOURCE.
  • Page 184 Using The Swept Sine Mode Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine Mode DIGital ANalog SOURCE ON Q.ff. SWEEP SOURCE Figure 5-3. SOURCE Menu Diagram: Swept Sine Mode...

  • Page 185: Source Types: Swept Sine Mode

    usmg ne ;::) w epr ;::) l ne Mooe Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine Mode SOU RCE Types: Swept Sine Mode The source types in the swept sine mode are unique - they are specific to swept sine measurements. You can set the sweep rate and enable the source to sweep up, sweep down, do a manual sweep, or pause the sweep at any point using these softkeys: Disables the source output.
  • Page 186 Use extreme caution when exciting systems with potentially high output levels. The auto gain feature causes the HP 3563A to vary the source level in order to maintain a constant amplitude on one of the input channels. You can select either Channel...
  • Page 187 Using The Swept Sine Mode Setting Up The Source: Swept Sine Mode S�art Sweep Meosur<? Current Point Using Source level Presenl User- Calculote Optimum Source Bosed Level Defined Reference level ond Resoonse Device Under Test Change Source Level Ta Optimum Level or Source limit Level.

  • Page 188: The Reference Channel

    The Reference Channel When auto gain is active, the HP 3563A adjusts the level of the swept sine source output to maintain the specified reference level (entered with REF LEVEL). By selecting Channel l the reference, a constant input signal level can be maintained to the system under test.

  • Page 189: Limiting The Source Output

    (to prevent distortion caused by overloading the HP 3563A's inputs), The source can be limited from 5 m V to 5V; the default value is 5 m V. (The source level changes in 5 m V increments.) Source limit applies only to levels automatically set by the auto gain feature, not to levels entered manually by the user.

  • Page 190: Setting The Input Range

    uSing I ne ::iwept ::ilne Mooe Setting the Input Range Setting the I nput Range After you set up the source, you should set the input range. The input range is set with the RANGE hardkey. You can manually set the range or have the analyzer automatically select the best range. The range options available differ for analog and digital inputs.

  • Page 191: Selecting A Measurement And Display

    uSing ne :;wept :;lne Moae Selecting a Measurement and Display Selecting a Measurement and Display The swept sine mode offers only one measurement - the frequency response measurement. Because this is the only measurement in this measurement mode, FREQ RESP is the only softkey SELECT MEAS.
  • Page 192 uSing ne :;wept :;lne Mooe Selecting a Measurement and Display FREQ RESP POWER SPEC 1 POWER S P E C 2 CROSS SPEC Figure 5-5. MEAS DISP Menu Diagram: Swept Sine Mode 5-16...

  • Page 193: The Frequency Response Measurement

    PHASE in the COORD can be viewed by pressing menu.) In the HP the signal on Channel 3563A, is assumed to be the system's input, and the signal on Channel 2 is assumed to be its output.. To select a display for the frequency response measurement, press MEAS DISP .
  • Page 194 Using The Swept Sine Mode Selecting a Measurement and Display The Frequency Response Measurement Display The frequency response measurement display shows you the frequency response of your measurement. The frequency response is calculated as the ratio of the cross spectrum to the Channel l power spectrum as follows: H (I) where:...
  • Page 195 USing ne �wepI �lne Moae Selecting sur e m e nt and Display The Coherence Measurement Display /�. The coherence measurement display calculates and displays the coherence of the frequency response. Coherence shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the input spectrum, according to the following formula: G xyG x y' GxxGyy...
  • Page 196 USing ne ::iwept ::iine MOde Selecting a Measurement and Display X�25e.5 ����';, ' E��': O%Ov(D Av;; (Scaled past 1.0 to clearly show trace) � � 10;v F><d Y Figure 5·7. The Coherence Measurement Display 5·20...
  • Page 197 �wept uSing I ne �lne IVlOU� Selecting a Measurement and Display The Power-Spectrum Measurement Display �> The power spectrum is the of the input signal (in other words, the linear spectrum) multiplied by its complex conjugate. You can display the power spectrum for Channel or Channel 2.
  • Page 198 uSing I ne ,:,wepl ':'Ifle IVloae Selecting a Measurement and Display The Cross-Spectrum Measurement Display The cross-spectrum measurement display is computed by mUltiplying the complex conjugate of the linear spectrum on Channel by the linear spectrum on Channel 2 as follows: Gyx= FyF x * where: Fx* is the Channel 1 linear spectrum's complex conjugate...

  • Page 199: Selecting Linear Or Log Sweep

    uSing I ne \:>wepl �Ine Iv!ooe Selecting Linear or Log Sweep Sel ecting Linear or Log Sweep The choice between LINEAR SWEEP LOG SWEEP must be made before the measurement is started (any time you press the yellow START key the sweep starts again). If a trace is originally measured or synthesized with linear resolution then converted to a log scale using the LOG X coordinates, points in the resultant trace will not be distributed proportionally.

  • Page 200: Frequency Spans In The Swept Sine Mode

    Frequency Spans I n The Swept S i n e Mode The HP 3563A's frequency span i n the swept sine mode ranges from 50 mHz to 100 kHz, when a sample frequency of256 kHz is used (this is the analyzer's internal sample rate). Unlike the other three measurement modes (linear resolution, log resolution, and time capture), there are no preset spans in swept sine.
  • Page 201 U:S1I1Y 1 1 1t:l vW'== lJ l v I I 1'== IVlvue Frequency Spans In The Swept Sine Mode F R E O SPAN START ) FREO CENTER) FREa . STOP ) FREO . S A M P L E FREO .
  • Page 202 uSing I ne ::;wept ::;lne M Frequency Spans In The Swept Sine Mode The softkeys in figure 5-10 do the following: Sets the frequency span, using the Entry group. The frequency span FREO must be entered before the measurement is started. You can enter the SPAN span immediately after pressing FREQ.

  • Page 203: Determining Valid Frequency Spans

    uSing ne l:iwept l:ilne Mode Frequency Spans In The Swept Sine Mode To simplify frequency entries, you can press FREQ SPAN, START FREQ, CENTER FREQ STOP FREQ then enter the start and stop frequencies separated by a comma. For example, to set up span from Hz to Hz, you can press...

  • Page 204: Sweep Rates And Resolution

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Frequency Spans In The Swept Sine Mode Sweep Rates and Resolution The sweep rate determines the speed at which the measurement sweeps across the given frequency FREO span (set by pressing SWEEP RATE). The resolution defines the distance between measurement points in the frequency domain (set by pressing FREO RESLTN).
  • Page 205 Auto resolution, selected by pressing RESLTN AU FIX causes the HP 3563A to increase the resolution during rapidly changing portions of the measurement. This reduces the possibility of skipping over a narrow resonance, for example, without slowing the overall measurement with a resolution not required for the entire sweep.

  • Page 206: Averaging Aod Integration In The Swept Sine Mode

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Averaging And integration in The Swept Sine Mode Avera g i n g And I ntegration I n The Swept S i n e Mode The swept sine mode allows you to control both the integration time and the number of averages per point.

  • Page 207: Selecting The Number Of Averages

    (the five results added together then divided by 5). Averaging helps to decrease the variance in a measurement and enables the 3563A to make a good coherence estimate (see "The Coherence Display" later in this chapter). Selecting the number of averages is a trade-off between noise reduction and measurement time: increasing the number of averages increases the overall measurement time.

  • Page 208: Auto Versus Rixed Integration

    Setting the Integration Time Integration time is the amount of time that each point is measured. Because the HP 3563A uses Fourier integration to transform time data to the frequency domain, increasing integration time effectively narrows the bandwidth at each measurement point.
  • Page 209 USing ne :;wep! :;me Mooe Averaging And Integration In The Swept Sine Mode Stort sweep Measure Point Using Minimum Integrotion Time (Approx, Sec) Current integration Time Minimum Integration Caiculate Transfer Continue Integrating Function Variance At current Point At Given Point Variance Integration Time �...

  • Page 210: Using The Automatic Swept Sine Features

    This chapter has discussed three of the automatic swept sine features: auto-gain, auto-integration and auto-resolution. In addition, the HP 3563A's input auto ranging feature operates differently in the swept sine mode. Furthermore, swept sine mode allows you to auto-align digital data.
  • Page 211 Using The Swept Sine Mode Using the Automatic Swept Sine Features At Current Point Discard Dolo From Did Input Level Exceed Range? Current Point (Overflow) Adjust Range Up Discard Data From Wait for Integration Current Point, Adjust To Finish Range Down Input :s 4 Integration Time...

  • Page 212: Auto-Alignment In The Swept Sine Mode

    Using The Swept Sine Mode Using the Automatic Swept Sine Features Auto-alignment in the Swept Sine Mode For digital data, the swept sine mode allows you to auto-align data. When activated, auto-alignment automatically switches to the upper 13 bi s when a digital overflow occurs. This operation is shown in the following illustration.

  • Page 213: Hierarchy Of Operation

    uSing ::;Ine I ne ::;wepl Moae g the Automatic Swept Sine Features Hierarchy of Operation These four auto features are arranged in a hierarchy of operation. At each measurement point, the auto features are performed in the order shown in the following table. This assumes, of course, that you have activated all four features.
  • Page 214 uSing ne "wepI "lne Mooe Using the Automatic Swept Sine Features 5-38...
  • Page 215 You can also save captured data to disc (see "Using Capture Blocks as Throughput Files" later in this chapter). As a reminder, the 3563A offers four measurement techniques - called measurement modes. You choose the measurement technique you want by selecting one of the following four measurement modes: •...

  • Page 216: Measurement Setup: Time Capture Mode

    Using The Time Capture Mode Measurement Setup: Time Capture Mode M easurement Setup: Ti m e Capture Mode The steps necessary to set up a measurement in time-capture mode are different than those used for linear resolution or log resolution and swept-sine modes. To perform a time-capture measurement, you first capture the data (to the analyzer's internal memory), then measure the captured data.
  • Page 217 Using The Time Capture Mode Measurement Setup: Time Capture Mode Measure the Captured Data /-�" Select a measurement and measurement display. First, press SELECT MEAS to select a measurement and activate one channel. Then press MEAS DISP to select a measurement display.

  • Page 218: Overview Of Time Capture

    Using The Time Capture Mode Overview Of Time Capture Overview Of T i m e Capture Figure shows how time capture works in the 3563A Capturing Data (This START (APTUR operation initiated by soft key) o� Affected t::> y : Time Anolo!;! SiQr'Kl1 In...

  • Page 219: Capturing Data

    You can then recall this state at any time (see chapter 8 for details). Setup Step Select the Time Capture Mode To put the HP 3563A in the time capture mode, press MEAS MODE. The softkeys that appear under M EAS MODE depend on which measurement mode is selected.
  • Page 220 Using The Time Capture Mode Capturing Data RE S . � ST ART CAPTUR SWEPT ABORT CAPTUR SINE CAPTUR TIME POINTR , POINTR INCRMT , CAPTUR CAPTUR j SELECT LENGTH , CAPTUR HEADER Figure 6-2. MEAS MODE Menu Diagram: Time Capture Mode...

  • Page 221: Setup Step 4: Configure The Input

    Using The l ime <.;apture Mooe Capturing Data You use the CAPTUR SELECT softkey to control the time capture. The softkeys that appear when you press this key are as follows: START Starts the time capture. CAPTUR ABORT Aborts time captures in progress. Note that at least one complete CAPTUR record is required for a measurement.
  • Page 222 Using The Time Capture Mode Capturing Data Note VIEW INPUT displays are instantaneous displays of the input signals; the data they show are not necessarily included in a measurement. The window used to compute linear spectra is labeled at the top of the trace. In addition, instantaneous displays 1024 always show frequency lines, even when...

  • Page 223: Setup Step 6: Set Up The Source (Optional)

    Setup Step Set up the Source (Optional) The HP 3563A offers a number of analog or digital source outputs in the time capture mode, including step, pulse, and ramp. To set up the source, press SOURCE. The softkeys that appear depend on SOURCE AN DIG.
  • Page 224 Using The Time Capture Mode Capturing Data " .6�alog itai [)IG OFFSET BiNARY USER SAVO �� sru"e. OF F RETURN Figure 6-4. SOURCE Menu Diagram: Time Capture Mode 6-1 0...
  • Page 225 <.; Mooe Using ne l ime Capturing Data Setup Step Set the Input Range The input range is set with the RANGE hardkey. You can manually set the range (best choice for time capture of one-shot events) or have the analyzer automatically select the best range (best AUTO RN G UP).
  • Page 226 Using The Time Capture Mode Capturing Data 1 2 : Setup Step Start the Capture When the capture is set up and the input signal is ready, press START CAPTUR (see figure 6-2). The entire data block is displayed when the capture is completed; an example is shown in figure 6-5. At frequency spans less than or equal to 2 kHz, the instrument displays the incoming data while the capture is in progress.
  • Page 227 Using Time Capture Mode Capturing Data 1 3: Setup Step View the Captured Data The capture pointer allows you to view data in the capture block after the capture is completed. The pointer outlines one time record in the time buffer display (the display that appears when the capture is finished).
  • Page 228 Using The Time Capture Mode Capturing Data 1 4: Setup Step View the Capture Header The time capture header shows the setup information for the current capture block. To display the header, press CAPTUR HEADER. As shown in figure 6-7, the top of the header displays a subset of the instrument's setup state.

  • Page 229: Measuring And Analyzing Captured Data

    Once a data block has been captured, it can be measured and analyzed in the same manner as a "live" signal. The HP 3563A offers the power spectrum, auto correlation and histogram measurements in the time capture mode. To analyze measured data using the display and marker features, refer to chapter 8, Display Configuration.
  • Page 230 Using The Time Capture Mode Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data SELECT MEAS POWER SPEC CH 2 ACTIVE Figure &-8. SELECT M EAS Menu Diagram: Time Capture Mode 6-1 6...
  • Page 231 vCllJlUI e IVIVU !;;: : uSing I ne I uTle Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data The soft keys in the SELECT MEAS menu do the following: Selects the power spectrum measurement. POWER SPEC Selects the auto correlation measurement. AUTO CORR Selects the histogram measurement.
  • Page 233 Using The Time c.;apture MOde Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data Filtered-Input Displays Chapter 2, "Measurement Overview," explains how filtered-input displays are derived and how they differ from measurement displays and instantaneous displays. This chapter describes each filtered-input display and shows you how they are selected. To select a filtered-input display, press MEAS DISP followed by FILTRD INPUT.
  • Page 234 Using The Time Capture Mode Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data To select a measurement display for the power spectrum measurement, press MEAS DISP (see figure 6-9). Notiee that a number of different measurement displays are available for this measurement, such as: Displays the power spectrum measured on Channel This softkey POWER...
  • Page 235 The auto correlation measurement indicates periodicity in time domain signals. It multiplies the signal by a progressively time-shifted version of itself; this emphasizes periodic parts of the signal and 3563A it is computed using the inverse FFT of the de-emphasizes non-periodic parts. In the...
  • Page 236 Using The Time Capture Mode Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data Measurement Displays for the Histogram Measurement The histogram measurement shows how the amplitude of the input signal is distributed between its maximum and minimum values. Some of its uses are determining the statistical properties of noise (such as monitoring the performance of electromechanical positioning systems).

  • Page 237: Measurement Step 2: Select The Window

    FFT assumes all inputs are periodic. For more details about leakage and windowing, see Hewlett-Packard Application Note 243. The HP 3563A offers six windows: Hanning, flat top, uniform, force, exponential, and user-defined. To select a window, press WINDOW. Also under the WIN DOW hardkey are these two softkeys: LINES 801 and LINES 1 024.

  • Page 238: Measurement Step 3: Decrease The Frequency Span (Optional)

    If you measure at a different span than the capture, the HP 3563A's digital f ilter needs time to resettle to the new span. Because of this, some data distortion can occur in the first record of the measurement (the data in the time buffer are not affected).

  • Page 239: Measurement Step 4: Set Up Averaging

    Using The Time Capture Mode Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data Measurement Step Set up Averaging Averaging in the time capture mode is identical to averaging in the linear resolution mode, with these exceptions: • In the time capture mode, overlap processing on unaveraged measurements is different. If AVG OFF is active, there is no overlap processing, regardless of the value of OVRLP%.
  • Page 240 Using The Time Capture Mode Measuring and Analyzing Captured Data NUMBER AVGS STABLE ( M E A N ) ON OFF T)M AV OVRLP% Figure 6-10. AVG Menu Diagram: Time Capture Mode 6-26...

  • Page 241: Measurement Step 5: Set The Starting Point

    Measurement Step Start the Measurement When the HP 3563A is in the time capture mode, pressing START causes the analyzer to measure from data stored in the time capture memory. All the measurement input data come from the capture buffer, not from the input channels. Figure 6-1 at the beginning of this chapter summarizes this action.

  • Page 242: Using Capture Blocks As Throughput Files

    1 1. Note If you capture digital data with the HP 3563A, then store it to disc and analyze it with the HP 3562A, the HP 3562A scales the amplitude according to the following ratio: (32768126028.55)

  • Page 243: Purpose Of This Chapter

    I n put Set u p Purpose Of This Chapter The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to set up the HP 3563A's inputs, using the six hardkeys in the Input Setup group. Note See chapter 1 3 for details on digital connections and for a description of all digital connectors.

  • Page 244: Data Path Into The Analyzer

    Data Path I nto the Ana lyzer Both input channels in the HP 3563A accept analog or parallel digital data. Use the Channel 1 and Channel 2 BNC connectors on the front panel for analog input data. Use cables and pods attached to the rear panel connectors for digital input data (see figure 7-1).
  • Page 245 Input Setup Data Path Into the Analyzer Analog ""'� menu Digital Pod 1 Channel measurement data CHANNEL (front panel BNC) Pod 2 Channel measurement data CHANNEL LP!' (front panel BNC Figure 7-2. Data Paths...

  • Page 246: Conf.guring The Inputs

    Input Setup Configuring The Inputs Confi g u ri n g The Inputs You configure both input channels with the INPUT cONFIG hardkey. Figure 7-3 shows the softkeys available when you press this key. Notice that the softkeys differ for analog and digital input channels.
  • Page 247 (ac or dc) and grounding (floating or grounded). DC coupling connects the input signal directly to the HP 3563A's input circuits. AC coupling inserts a series capacitor to remove dc signals and drifts associated with dc from the input signals. The 3 dB cutoff frequency for ac coupling is less than 1 Hz.

  • Page 248: Softkey Descriptions

    Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Analog Data Softkey Descriptions Figure 7-3 shows the softkeys for configuring an input channel for analog data. The following paragraphs describe the softkeys in the order that they appear. Selects analog (default) or digital data for Channel 1. The other CHAN 1 AN DIG softkeys that you see for Channel 1 depend on the selection of this...
  • Page 249 inpUT ;,eIUp Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Configuring a n I nput C hannel for D i g ital Data To configure an input channel for digital data, press INPUT CONFIG and toggle the channel's CHAN AN DIG softkey so that DIG is highlighted. Several softkeys appear ( a s shown in figure 7-3) that allow you to set parameters for a digital input channeL You may have already set some of these parameters if you connected the digital pods as described in chapter 13.
  • Page 250 - - - - - - - - ---, 0 " &: 0 :;- CIUS I At DC � S CO w Ci,onn el 1 :! · Fron! Panel 8N C ci5 " C!lA./'! I "" NG Analog 0> t It-PUT "'goal Digital nDAT CM.,.- I...

  • Page 251: Procedures

    Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Procedures Use the menu diagram in figure 7-3, the block diagram in figure 7-4, and the following steps to configure an input channel for digital data. All softkeys used to configure an input channel for digital data are described following the steps.
  • Page 252 Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Step 2. Display Visual Help The HP 3563A offers two types of visual help to assist you while configuring the inputs: a channel configuration diagram or a state display. A channel configuration diagram is a graphical picture of the current input configuration (see figure 7-5).
  • Page 253 �erup InpUI Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data C h a n n e l C o n f i g INPUT � 1 4 1 2 1 0 • • • Bits SDD DDD DDD OOD DD OD O- D IGIT SAMPLE ROUNO Input...
  • Page 254 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data L in e a r R e s o l u t J o n P a g e C H A N F r e q M E A S U R E : CHAN Freq R e s p...
  • Page 255 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Step 3. Select the Data Size The analyzer allows you to read 8-bit or 16-bit digital data from an 8-bit or 16-bit parallel data bus. For 16-bit data, the analyzer uses 13 of the bits and rounds or truncates the other three. If you use the upper 13 bits, the analyzer rounds the lower 3 bits (the 3 least signif icant bits).
  • Page 256 I nput Setup Conflguring an Input Channel for Digital Data Step 4. Select the Data Format The analyzer can read digital data in one of two formats: twos complement or offset binary. Offset-binary is most commonly used with DACs and ADCs.
  • Page 257 I nput Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Step 5. Set up the Data Clock and Qualifiers As shown in figure 7-4, each input Pod has a CLK signal. This is the Pod's data clock. You must supply a signal on CLK The analyzer uses the CLK signal and, if activated, qualif iers to latch digital data into an input channel.
  • Page 258 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Qualifiers In some cases, such as clocking data in from a microprocessor bus, you do not want to latch data into an input channel at every rising edge of CLK (or the falling edge if C EDGE + toggled to - ) In situations such as these, you can use one or more of the eight qualifier lines on Pod Q (QO-Q7) in addition to the CLK signal to determine when digital data is latched into an input...
  • Page 259 Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data Configuring Both Channels to Pod 1 In many applications, data comes from one data bus. The HP 3563A allows you to use a single pod (Pod 1 ) to do a two-channel measurement from a common data bus.
  • Page 260 Input Setup Configuring an I nput Channel for Digital Data Step 6. Select the Sample Clock The analyzer uses two signals to calculate all timing and phase information: sample clock and trigger. The following paragraphs describe the operation of the sample clock. See "Setting up Triggering" for trigger information.
  • Page 261 Input ;;etup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data The sample clock that you can choose when a channel is digital depends on analyzer configuration as shown in table 7-2. Notice that CHAN CLOCK is available only when Channel is digital. However, it is not available if Channel is connected to the internal source.
  • Page 262 Input Setup Configuring an I nput Channel for Digital Data To select a sample clock when one or both channels are digital, display the sample clock menu and press the appropriate softkeys. You can use the INTERFACE 1 or INTERFACE 2 menus to display the Sample Clock menu - it makes no difference which one you use (both channels use the same sample clock).

  • Page 263: Softkey Descriptions

    Input :;etup Configuring an I nput Channel for Digital Data Softkey Descriptions Figure 7-3 shows the softkeys for configuring an input channel for digital data. The following paragraphs describe the softkeys in the order that they appear. Selects analog (dcfault) or digital data for Channel 1. The other CHAN 1 AN DIG softkeys that you see for Channel 1 depend on the selection of this...
  • Page 264 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data INTER­ Displays the Interface menu for Channel 2, which allows you to select FACE 2 the number format (twos complement or offset binary), data size, data clock, and sample clock. This menu has a softkey that lets you see a visual picture of the current configuration [or Channel 2.
  • Page 266 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Dat The Data Size Menu This menu allows you to specify the parameters associated with data and bus size, such as number of bits (8 or 16) and size of the data bus (8 or 16). The softkeys in this menu do the following: Sets the number of bits in the digital input data (1 6-bit data is the BITS 8 1 6...
  • Page 267 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data The Data Clock Menu �\ The Data Clock menu allows you to specify the active clock edge and the qualifiers on Pod Q) necessary to select the data to be associated with the input channel. The softkeys in the Data Clock menu do the following: Selects the active edge fo r the selected data clock.
  • Page 268 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data The Sample Clock Menu The Sample Clock menu allows you to select a sample clock. For mixed measurements (one channel analog; the other digital), the sample clock menu includes an additional softkey: MIXED RATIO (see figure 7-3).
  • Page 269 Input Setup Configuring an Input Channel for Digital Data CHAN 2 Selects the CHAN 2 CLOCK signal as the sample clock. Figure 7-4 CLOCK shows how this signal is generated. Basically, CHAN 2 CLOCK is the Pod 1 or Pod 2 data clock after it has been qualified (digital data for Channel 2 can come from Pod 1 or Pod 2).

  • Page 270: Setting The Input Range

    Input Setup Setting The Input Range Sett i n g The I n put Range Range operates differently for analog and digital input channels. If an input channel is analog, the range value configures attenuators in the analog input circuitry so that the analog input circuitry is not overdriven.

  • Page 271: Setting The Input Range For An Analog Channel

    Input :;etup Setting The Input Range Setting the Input Range for an Analog Channel For an analog input channel, you have a choice between manually setting the input range or letting the analyzer automatically set the range. The auto-range feature sets the range in response to the amplitude level detected at the inputs.
  • Page 272 I nput Setup Setting The Input Range Allows you to set the range for Channel 2. See CH A N 1 RANGE for CHAN 2 RANGE details. Activates auto ranging on Channel 2 and allows it to adjust the range in AUTO 2 UP&DWN either direction as signal level changes.
  • Page 273 InPUt :;etup Setting The Input Range Choosing the Best Range for an Analog Channel When entering a range in Vrms or dBVrms, the peak-to-rms ratio of a sine wave is always used to convert Vrms to Vpk. This differs from source level, where the ratio matches the current source type.
  • Page 274 Input Setup Setting The Input Range X-5CO 1"'; Yo_6S6.2.: ?mV2 O,,", O vlp POWER <:'PEC1 10Avg I=lop Amount of Amplitude Error caused by Input Overange on Channel ""xCXY Yco-S25.366mV2 SF>eC:2 !'>OWER Fxo Y Overload Indicator Figure 7-1 1 . The Importance of Correct Input Range !f you are in the linear or log resolution modes, the menu offers automatic overload rejection which can reject any time record whose amplitude exceeded the input range;...

  • Page 275: Setting The Input Range For A Digital Channel

    HlpUl ;:>�lU}J Setting The Input Range Setting the Input Range for a Digital Channel For a digital input channel, the range is usually f ixed at the value you enter. However, if the measurement mode is swept sine, you can configure the analyzer to automatically set the range. this case, the analyzer switches between the upper and lower 13 bits of digital data;...
  • Page 276 Input Setup Setting The Input Range Range Operation for a Digital Channel For a digital input channel, the range setting defines full range, which corresponds to the maximum possible value of digital data. Full range is determined by the size of the data you specify with the # BITS softkey in the DATA SIZE menu.
  • Page 277 Input :;etup Setting The Input Range RANGE Menu: All Measurement Modes Except Swept Sine The following softkeys appear when you press RANGE, both channels are digital, and the analyzer is in any measurement mode except swept sine. See the following section for similar details whcn the measurement mode is swept sine.
  • Page 278 Input Setup Setting The Input Range Operates the same in all measurement modes. See the previous section CHAN 1 RANGE for details. Operates the same in all measurement modes. See the previous section SOURCE RNG 1 for details. Specifies 16 bit dynamic range for Channel 1. This is useful if you do AUTO 1 1 6 BIT not know which range is appropriate for your device under test.

  • Page 279: Setting Up Triggering

    Input Setup Setting Up Triggering Setting U p Triggering The HP 3563A's trigger function defines the conditions for acquiring a new time record. To set up triggering, press SELECT TRIG to display the menu in figure 7-12. SELECT TRIG TR I G...

  • Page 281: The More Types Menu

    The default trigger is a rising edge ( +). Slope is not active with Free run, Source, Digital, or HP-lE triggering (slope is shown for digital trigger, but has no effect).

  • Page 282: Trigger Operation

    Trigger Signal QnQlog. T niS setecllon volid eny IO'I'Ien Chanoel 1 Is TRIGGER LOGI C valid ll'lis sltI.Rclion en)' when 0101'V'11! !1 2 i5 ol"lOlog..TI'lis is generol.d by the HP-e Tr igger Caromond. signQl 7-13. Figure Trigger Logic 7-40...

  • Page 283: Trigger Conditions

    Input Setup Setting Up Triggering Trigger Conditions The trigger conditions are level and slope, as defined by TRIG LEVEL and SLOPE + Whenever the designated analog trigger signal (except source triggering) passes through the specified level on the specified transition, the trigger conditions are met and the measurement triggers. The TRIGGERING indicator LED (in the Status group) may stay on or flash, depending on the type of trigger used (for details, see the TRIGGERING indicator description in appendix A).

  • Page 284: Manual Arming Versus Auto Arming

    ARMED indicator light (in the Status group) indicates the trigger has been armed. When one record is acquired, the instrument then waits until ARM is pressed again. Free run triggering always overrides manual arming. Delayed Triggering The HP 3563A can pre-trigger up to samples for zoom) before and post-trigger up to 4095 (4094 samples after the trigger signal actually arrives.

  • Page 285: Calibrating The Hp 3563A

    During calibration, the analyzer displays "CALIDRATION IN PROGRESS". If a calibration failure should occur (the failure message will be displayed on the screen), refer servicing to qualified personnel. A list of HP Sales and Support Offices is included at the end of this manual.

  • Page 286: Auto Calibration

    Input Setup Calibrating the HP 3563A Auto Calibration When auto calibration is selected, the analyzer calibrates according to the schedule in the following table. Table 7-6. Auto Calibration Schedule At power-on minutes after power-on or after reset. 1 hour after power-on or after reset.

  • Page 287: Using Engineering Units

    The HP 3563A can calibrate and display measurements using your own engineering units (EU). For example, assume you have an accelerometer calibrated at 10 m V/G. You can tell the HP 3563A to calibrate its measuremcnts at 10 mV/EU and label the display in Gs. Now you can read the display...

  • Page 288: Entering Eu Labels

    Entering EU Labels When either EU LBL CHAN 1 or EU LBL CHAN 2 is pressed, the HP 3563A shifts into the alpha mode to allow you to enter an alphanumeric label. In the alpha mode, all front panel keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to their blue labels, and the following menu is displayed: Saves the current alpha entry and exits the alpha mode.

  • Page 289: Purpose Of This Chapter

    D is p l ay Configu rat i o n P urpose Of This Chapter The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to analyze measured data using the HP 3563A's display and marker features. It shows you how to: 1.

  • Page 290: The Display

    Display Configuration HP 3563A Display The H P 3563A Display Figure shows a plot of the HP 3563A's display and explains the various fields on the screen. Some fields depend on display format (single, upper!lower, or front/back). Measurement Display """0--45.&93 dBVrm,.

  • Page 291: Selecting The Active Trace

    Display Configuration Selecting The Active Trace Selecting The Active Trace activates trace A and The three keys in the Active Trace group select the active trace. Pressing illuminates the indicator above that key. Pressing activates trace B and illuminates the indicator A&B above that key.

  • Page 292: Combining Coordinates And Units

    Combi n i n g Coor d inates And U n its The HP 3563A was designed to provide maximum flexibility in arranging the display to best fit your measurement needs. As a result, it can provide many combinations of units and coordinates. Some of these combinations yield unconventional results, so you should verify each combination.
  • Page 293 Display Configuration Selecting Trace Coordinates IdB ) (d Bm l . ILOG) [;TI (lIN) NEXT Figure 8-2. COORD Menu Diagram...
  • Page 294 Display Configuration Selecting Trace Coordinates The softkeys that appear when you press COORO do the following: Defines the vertical axis as magnitude displayed in dB (deciBels). (dB) Defines the vertical axis as magnitude displayed in dBm (deciBels (dBm) referenced to 1 milliwatt). After pressing MAG (dBm), you can enter an impedance value that matches the impedance of your input signal.
  • Page 295 \,.; g ur a l Display Selecting Trace Coordinates The softkeys that appear when you press COORD NEXT do the following: NYQUST Configures the display as a Nyquist diagram (often referred to as a polar plot). Nyquist shows real values on the X-axis versus imaginary values on the Y-axis.

  • Page 296: Selecting Units

    Display Configuration Selecting Units Select ing U n its The UNITS key allows you to select the horizontal and vertical units and enter trace titles. As with coordinates, changing the units does not alter or destroy any measurement data. Figure shows the menu diagram f or the UNITS hardkey.
  • Page 297 Displ nfig Selecting Units The soft keys that appear when you press U NITS do the following: P SPEC Displays the power spectrum units menu, which sets the units for UNITS power and cross spectrum displays. See "The Power Spectrum Units Menu"...

  • Page 298: The Power Spectrum Units Menu

    Display Configuration Selecting Units The Power Spectrum Units Menu Power spectrum units apply to power and cross spectrum displays in the linear resolution, log resolution and time capture modes. After a selection is made, all power and cross spectrum displays in these three modes are in those units.

  • Page 299: The Swept Units Menu

    Display Configuration Selecting Units The Swept Units Menu Swept units apply to power and cross spectrum displays in the swept sine mode. After a selection is made, all power and cross spectrum displays in the swept sine mode are in those units. Note that swept units apply only to these swept sine displays and do not affect any other displays.

  • Page 300: Trace Title

    Display Configuration Selecting Units Trace Title This softkey (see figure S-3) is used to enter trace titles. Titles can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters and are plotted along with the display. When TRACE TITLE is pressed, the instrument shifts into the alpha mode, in which all front panel keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to the blue labels under them.

  • Page 301: Scaling The Display

    The horizontal and vertical axes offer several scaling options. You can explicitly enter minimum and maximum values for either axis, or the HP 3563A can auto scale to obtain the optimum display. In addition, the scale can be set to the current X and Y marker bands. Note that several of the SCALE softkeys are duplicated in the X and Y marker menus for convenience.
  • Page 302 Display Configuration Scaling The Display The soft keys that appear when you press SCALE do the following: X FIXD SCALE X FIXD Used to enter the X-axis scale values. Press then enter SCALE the minimum and maximum values separated by a comma (.). A single entry sets the right side of the scale and uses the previous width to determine the left side.

  • Page 303: X-Axis Scaling

    Display Configuration Scaling The Display V-axis Scaling You can scale the Y-axis in one of two ways: auto or fIxed. Vertical auto-scaling (selected with Y AUTO SCALE) checks the active trace every time it is changed or updated to ensure that the vertical scale provides the optimum display.

  • Page 304: Selecting Display Data

    Display Configuration Selecting Display Data Se lect i n g Display Data The Select Data keys provide three choices of display data: measurement displays, view inputs and the state display. MEAS DISP selects measurement displays. Chapter 2 shows how these displays are derived. The menu displayed with this key depends on the measurement mode selected;...
  • Page 305 Display Configuration Selecting Display Data D i g i t a l S e t u p P o g e I N P U T , C H A N C H A N DIgital (Pod Digital (POd Input Channels �...

  • Page 306: Using The Markers

    Using The Markers Us ing The Markers The HP 3563A offers both horizontal CX -axis) and vertical CY -axis) markers, as well as several special marker functions. The markers can be used to magnify a narrow portion of a trace, identify a...

  • Page 307: The X Marker

    Display Configuration The X Marker ,� Marker in the Marker group activates the X marker. When it is activated, the X marker appears as Pressing an intensified circle which is moved across the trace with the Markers knob. Pressing X also displays the menu in figure 8-7.
  • Page 308 Display Configuration The X Marker The soft keys that appear when you press do the following: Used to move the marker to a explicit point on the horizontal axis. VALUE The units softkeys displayed after you enter the value are determined by the current horizontal units.

  • Page 309: An Example Of Scrolling

    Display Configuration The X Marker An Example of Scrolling Figure 8-8a shows a measurement made at 0 - 100 kHz. A 10 kHz wide X marker band was created using HOLD X CENTER; the band is shown from 45 to 55 kHz in figure 8-8b. Figure 8-& shows this 10 kHz band magnified using X MRKR SCALE.

  • Page 310: The Y Marker

    Display Configuration The Y Marker Marker in the Marker group activates the Y marker. When the Y marker is activated, it appears Pressing as a single horizontal line which is moved along the vertical axis with the Markers knob. Pressing Y also displays the menu in figure 8-9.
  • Page 311 Display Configuration The Y Marker The softkeys that appear when you press Y do the following: Used to move the Y marker to an explicit point on the vertical axis. The VALUE units soft keys displayed after you enter the value are determined by the current amplitude units and coordinates.

  • Page 312: Relative Marker Measurements

    Display Configuration Relative Marker Measurements Re lative Ma rker Measurements The HOLD X and HOLD Y marker bands are also used to measure points on the display relative to a fixed reference. As an example, here are the steps to measure the amplitude level of a harmonic relative to the fundamental: 1.

  • Page 313: The Special Marker Functions

    The Special Marker Functions The Special Marker Functions The special marker functions provided by the HP 3563A are harmonic and side band markers, a variety of special calculations, and peak search. These functions operate with the X markers in both single and band modes.

  • Page 315: The Harmonic Markers

    Display Configuration The Special Marker Functions The Harmonic Markers These markers highlight a fundamental frequency and its first twenty harmonics. To activate the harmonic markers, press SPCL MARKER followed by HMNC ON (see figure 8-10). The harmonic markers are not available for the following: •...

  • Page 316: The Sideband Markers

    Display Configuration The Special Marker Functions The Sideband Markers The sideband markers highlight a carrier frequency and the first 10 sidebands on each side of the carrier. You can specifY the carrier frequency and the sideband increment. Press SPCL MARKER followed by SBAND ON to activate the sideband markers (see figure 8-10).

  • Page 317: The Marker Calculation Menu

    Display Configuration The Special Marker Functions The Marker Calculation Menu SPCL The marker-calculation softkeys allow you to do one-time marker calculations. Press MARKER MARKER CALC 8-10), followed b y to access these softkeys (see figure which d o the following: GAIN &...
  • Page 318 Display Configuration The Special Marker Functions DATA Specifies a new value for all of or a portion of a trace. When you press EDIT DATA EDIT, you are prompted to enter one value, or two values separated by commas. To modify the entire trace, press DATA EDIT and enter two values separated by commas.
  • Page 319 vonnguraIlon ulsplay The Special Marker Functions Allows you to edit a time record to include a 1 V sine or sine chirp CUSTOM CHIRP signal. A weighting function can emphasize portions of the chirp . A maximum of two frequency parameters are entered to define the signal.

  • Page 320: Saving And Recalling States And Traces

    Saving and Reca l l i ng States and Traces The HP 3563A can save up to five instrument states and five data traces in its internal, non-volatile memory. (Refer to chapter 11 for saving states and traces in disc memory.) The current state is stored in non-volatile memory at power-down and may be recalled later.
  • Page 321 Display Configuration Saving and Recalling States and Traces The softkeys that appear when you press SAVE RECALL do the following: Recalls the state the instrument was in when power was last removed. RECALL PWR DN Reapplying power automatically resets the instrument to its default values.
  • Page 322 Display Configuration Saving and Recalling States and Traces 8-34...

  • Page 323: Purpose Of This Chapter

    T i m e T h ro u g h p ut Purpose Of This Chapter This chapter shows you the details of using the time throughput feature. The HP 3563A's HP-ill system controller capability allows you to store input data directly to disc memory, without using an external controller.

  • Page 324: Throughput Setup Checklist

    Time Throughput Throughput Setup Checklist Thro u g h put Setup Checklist The following steps show how to open a throughput file on disc, set up a throughput session, and then analyze the throughput data. The remainder of this chapter describes each step in detail. Open a Throughput file 1.

  • Page 325: Analyze A Throughput File

    Time Throughput Throughput Setup Checklist Analyze a Throughput File 1. Identify the active file: press ACTIVE FILE (in the THRUPT SELECT menu). 2. View the active file, if desired: press VIEW I NPUT, THRUPTTIME 1 , and/or THRUPTTIME 2. 3. Set the measurement starting point (if other than the beginning of the file): press TRIG DELAY.

  • Page 326: Overview Of Time Throughput

    Overview Of Time Throughput Overview Of Ti me Throughput Figure 9-1 shows the interaction between the HP 3563A and the disc drive during time throughput. Time Throughput to Disc !This operation Inltioted by START THRUPT s o f l k e y l Disc.

  • Page 327: Throughput Real Time Bandwidths

    Time Throughput Throughput Real Time Bandwidths Thro u g h put Real Time Ba ndwidths /--', Real time bandwidth (RTBW) with time throughput is a function of the disc drive being used. Here are nominal RTBWs for several Hewlett-Packard disc drives: M odel 1 -Channel 2-Channel...

  • Page 328: A Note About Log Resolution Throughput

    Time Throughput A Note About Log Resolution Throughput A Note About Log Resolution Throug hput Because the log resolution mode measures multidecade spans in parallel (see chapter 4 for details), more records are required when opening a throughput file and collecting throughput data for log resolution throughputs.
  • Page 329 Open i n g a Thro u g h put File Time throughput requires a disc drive connected to the HP 3563A and an initialized disc. To connect the disc drive, select drive addresses and unit numbers, and initialize discs, refer to chapter 11.

  • Page 330: Step 1: Set File Size

    Time Throughput Opening a Throughput File Step Set File Size The size of throughput files is set in units of time, revolutions, or records. File size is limited to 32,767 records or the space available on disc. The current value of THR U PT SIZE determines the size of the file opened when CREATE THRUPT is pressed.

  • Page 331: Step 2: Open And Name The File

    Open and Name the File When CREATE THRUPT is pressed, the HP 3563A opens a throughput file, shifts into the alpha mode, and allows you to enter the name for the file. When a file is opened, its size is set to the current value of THRUPT SIZE.

  • Page 332: Collecting Throughput Data

    Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data Collecting Through put Data After you open a throughput file, you are ready to collect throughput data. The collection of throughput data is referred to as the throughput session. To collect throughput data, perform the following steps.

  • Page 333: Step 1: Connect The Analyzer To Your Out

    Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data Step Connect the Analyzer to Your OUT Determine the best way to connect the analyzer to your device-under-test (DUT). Your DUT may be analog, digital, or mixed (analog and digital). If your DUT is digital or mixed, read chapters 13 and 14 before you continue.

  • Page 334: Step 3: Activate Time Throughput

    Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data Step Activate Time Throughput To activate time throughput, press M EAS MODE. Then select LINEAR RES or LOG RES time throughput is applicable only to the linear and log resolution modes. When one of these modes is selected, the THRUPT ON OFF softkey is displayed.
  • Page 335 Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data LINEAR RES UNEAR L I NEAR THRUPT SWEPT ABORT SINE SINE THRUPT TIME TIME A C T CAPTUR CAPTUR FILE THRUPT THRUPT LENGTH. THRUPT j THRUPT THRUPT SELECT SELECT HEADER. DE MOD fTHRUPT ON OFF] Blank is selected <lhis is the defaulll Figure 9-2.

  • Page 336: Step 4: Configure The Inputs

    Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data Step Configure the Inputs After you select the measurement mode, configure the inputs. Analog and digital inputs are configured differently. See chapter 7 for details. Step View the Input Signals (Optional) It is generally desirable to view the input signals before the throughput session is started so that the optimum input setup can be determined.
  • Page 337 Time Throughput Collecting Throughput Data IN PUT VIEW LINEAR RES. LOG RES i N PUT TIME 1 I N PUT THRUPT TIME TIME 2 I NPUT THRUPT SPEC TIME INPUT N E X T SPEC RECORD INPUT INPUT DIG 2 THRUPT DATA Blank if MEAS MODE...

  • Page 338: Step 6: Set Up The Source (Optional)

    Step Set up the Source (Optional) The HP 3563A offers a number of analog or digital source types in the linear resolution and log resolution modes. To set up the source, press SOURCE. The softkeys that appear depend on SOURCE AN DIG. If SOURCE AN DIG is toggled to AN (analog output) you see one menu; if it is toggled to DIG (digital output), you see another.

  • Page 339: Step 12: Identify The Active File

    The default active file name is "THRUPUT," so if you have a disc file with this name, the active file is already identified for you. When ACTIVE FILE is pressed, the HP 3563A shifts into the alpha mode and displays the alpha menu. This is the same menu described earlier in this chapter Open and Name the File."...

  • Page 341: Analyzing Throughput Files

    Time Throughput Analyzing Throughput Files Analyzing Throughput Files Throughput files may be recalled from disc at any time for measurement and analysis. Because throughput must be used in conjunction with the linear or log resolution mode. files are measured and analyzed in one of these two modes. (Data throughput in log resolution then measured in linear resolution will not be calibrated correctly.) To analyze measured data using the display and marker features, refer to chapter "Display Configuration."...

  • Page 342: Analysis Step 3: Set The Starting Point

    (except in log resolution). If you measure the file on a different span than it was throughput, the digital filter in the HP 3563A needs to resettle to the new span. This resettling can introduce a transient into the beginning of the measurement.

  • Page 343: Analysis Step 4: Set Up The Measurement

    (AVG OFF active), no overlap processing is achieved, regardless of the value of OVRLP%. Note If you throughput digital data with the HP 3563A and analyze it with the HP 3562A, the HP 3562A scales the amplitude according to the following ratio: (32768126028.55)

  • Page 344: Using Capture Blocks As Throughput Files

    Time Throughput Using Capture Blocks As Throughput Files Using Capture Blocks As Throu g hput Files Capture blocks that have been stored on disc previously can be used as input to a throughput measurement. Identify the stored capture block as the active file (see "Analysis Step Identify the Active File"), then proceed with a normal throughput measurement.

  • Page 345: Purpose Of This Chapter

    The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to create, run and edit auto sequence programs. The auto sequence feature allows you to program up to 99 commands in a table that is stored in the HP 3563A's internal nonvolatile memory. Up to five auto sequences, each containing up to 99 commands, can be stored.

  • Page 346: The Auto Seq Hardkey

    Auto Sequence Programming The AUTO SEO Hardkey The A UTO SEQ Hardkey The AUTO SEa hardkey allows you to create, modify, start, pause, and continue individual auto sequences. The softkeys available under this key are shown in figure 10-1 and described throughout the rest of this chapter.

  • Page 347: Creating And Editing Auto Sequences

    5 volts for Channel l, the command is entered as RANGE: CHAN 1 RANGE: 5V. To program the B trace to activate, the command is entered as just B. The HP 3563A enters each line in the table soon as you enter a complete command.
  • Page 348 Auto Sequence Programming The AUTO SEO Hardkey The EDIT Menu The following soft keys allow you to create or edit an autosequence program: LABEL Used to add labels; see "Labeling Auto Sequences". ASEO EDIT Used to select the line to be edited. The edit line can be changed if LINE # CHANGE LINE is active, or a new line can be added after the edit line if ADD LINE is active.
  • Page 349 Auto Sequence Programming The AUTO SEa Hardkey The ASEQ FCTN Menu The following softkeys provide other editing functions for autosequence programs: Used to program loops into auto sequences. Two number S are LOOP required: the number of the first line in the loop and the number of times you want the loop to repeat.

  • Page 350: Using Preset Auto Sequences

    Using Preset Auto Sequences Using Preset Auto Sequences There are five preset auto-sequence programs available in the HP 3563A. You can load (preset) one or all five autosequence programs with the preset programs. Use the LOAD ASEQ soft key to preset a single autosequence program.

  • Page 351: Swept Frf

    Auto Sequence Programming Using Preset Auto Sequences SWEPT FRF The SWEPT FRF softkey programs an autosequence with measurement and display parameters for a frequency response measurement in swept sine mode. This autosequence program: • Specifies the swept sine mode • Specifies the frequency response measurement •...

  • Page 352: Digtal Msmnts

    Auto Sequence Programming Using Preset Auto Sequences DIGTAL MSM NTS The DIGT AL MSMNTS softkey programs an autosequence for a digital measurement using tbe digital input and internal digital source. The arbitrary digital source is also utilized. CURVE FIT The CUR FIT softkey programs an autosequence to fit a curve using sample data.The data may be synthesized or measured from the internal source.

  • Page 353: Running Auto Sequences

    Auto Sequence Programming Auto Sequences With More Than Lines Auto Sequences With M o re Than Lines There are three techniques available if you need more than 99 lines to solve a measurement problem. First, if some steps are repetitive, you can create loops in individual auto sequences to effectively yield more than 99 lines.

  • Page 354: Pausing/Continuing Auto Sequences

    When LABEL ASEQ is pressed, the HP 3563A shifts into the alpha mode, in which the keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to their blue labels. LABEL ASEQ also displays the following menu...

  • Page 355: The Autostart Auto Sequence

    LABEL ASEQ softkey and enter "AUTOST" as the first six characters of auto sequence label. Normally, the HP 3563A starts the measurement when power is applied. AUTOST. however, inhibits this, so you need to program the START key into AUTOST if you want it to start a measurement at power-on.

  • Page 356: Example Auto Sequences

    Auto Sequence Programming Example Auto Sequences Exa m p l e Auto Sequences This section provides examples that demonstrate the power and flexibility of the HP 3563A's auto sequence feature. All were plotted directly from the display. Sets Up Several Plotting Param­...
  • Page 357 Auto Sequence Programming Example Auto Sequences 1 0-14...
  • Page 359 D i s c/ P l otte r/H P-I B Operat i o n s Purpose Of This Chapter The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to use the HP 3563A as an HP-IB controller to plot the display, access disc memories, and output HP-IB command strings. The topics covered are: •...
  • Page 360 The HP-IS Function Menu The H P- I B Function Menu The HP·IB FCTN hardkey (Figure 1 1-1) allows you to identify the HP 3563A as the HP-IB system controller, view and set addresses, send user service requests and output HP-IB command strings.

  • Page 361: Chapter 11: Disc/Plotter/Hp·ib Operations

    Aborts HP-IB operations. HP·IB The SELECT ADORES Menu The SELECT ADORES softkey allows you to set the HP 3563A's address and enter the addresses of plotters and disc drives. The softkeys that appear when you press this softkey do the following: Hp·IS Used to view and set the HP-IS address of the HP 3563A, from 0 to 31.

  • Page 362: The User Srq Menu

    The analyzer can also be set to send an SRQ at power-on. To do this, press $PCL FCTN PwrSRQ ON OFF. When PwrSRQ ON OFF is on, the analyzer outputs an SRQ to the HP-IB when power is switched on. The state of this softkey is saved in non-volatile memory and is not affected by power-on or reset.

  • Page 363: Plotting The Display

    HP 3563A Programming Manual to pass control between the controller and the HP 3563A Connecting and Addressing the Plotter To connect a plotter to the HP 3563A, refer to figure 11-2. A standard HP-lE cable is required; the following cables are available from Hewlett-Packard: Part...
  • Page 364 Figure 1 1-2. Connecting a Plotter to the HP 3563A To address the plotter, the HP 3563A needs to know the plotter's HP-IB address. Refer to your plotter's manual to set and read its address. To enter the corresponding address into the HP 3563A, press HP-lB FCTN in the HP-IB group.

  • Page 365: Setting The Plot Parameters

    Plolting the Display Setting the Plot Parameters The HP 3563A offers control of every aspect of plotting. However, plotting can be a very simple operation by using the preset parameters. To set the parameters and start plotting, press PLOT to access the softkeys in figure 11-3.
  • Page 366 Presets all plot parameters; see table 1 1-1 for details. PRESET Note The HP logo in the upper left corner of table and state displays is not normally plotted. you do wish to plot it with the display, refer to chapter 6 of the...
  • Page 367 Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Operations Plotting the Display Plot Preset Table 1 1- 1 shows the plot preset parameters. These are the conditions immediately after PLOT PRESET is pressed. These conditions also apply immediately after power-on and after RESET in the preset menu is pressed. However, pressing only the green PRESET key or one of the special presets does not affect the plot setup.
  • Page 368 If you enter 0 for a pen number, the plotter's manual for its response HP 3563A instructs the plotter to put the pen away. This is useful to selectively avoid plotting parts of the display. 1 1 -1 0...
  • Page 369 The user lines are defined by two variables: the pattern number and pattern type. Refer to your plotter'S programming manual for more information. (This feature uses the HP·GL command "LT" to enter the user line numbers.) You can use just the standard line numbers...
  • Page 370 These commands are not sent to plotters without paging capabilities. Refer to your plotter's manual for information on its paging features. The Plot Limits Menu You can set the plotter's limits directly from the HP 3563A Press PLOT LIMITS to display the following softkeys: PLOT...
  • Page 371 The User Limits Menu The HP 3563A allows you to define the PI and P2 10cations from the instrument. When USER LIMITS is active, the plotter uses the analyzer's definitions of PI and P2, not its own. You can also read the current PI and P2 locations as defined on the plotter.

  • Page 372: Using Disc Memories

    Disc/PJotter/HP-JB Operations Using Disc Memories Using Disc Memories The HP 3563A allows you to store an unlimited number of displays (tables, traces, and states) to disc memory without using an external controller. The instrument supports the Hewlett-Packard 794X, 795X, and 91 series disc drives.

  • Page 373: Connecting And Addressing The Disc Drive

    HP 3563A Programming Manual information on passing control. To connect a disc drive to the HP 3563A, refer to figure 11-4. A standard HP-IB cable is required; the following cables are available from Hewlett-Packard:...
  • Page 374 D!SC DRiVE 10833A1B/C/D HP-IB (ABLE Figure 1 1·4. Connecting a Disc Memory to the HP 3563A To address the disc drive, the HP needs to know the disc's Hp·IB address (and the current 3563A disc unit number for multipl � .drive memories). Refer to your disc's manual to set and read its address.

  • Page 375: Saving And Recalling Displays

    Disc/Plofier/HP-IB Operations Saving and Recalling Displays /� Saving and Recalling Displays Data traces, instrument state displays, fault logs, curve fit tables, delete frequency tables and synthesis tables can be saved on disc memory. In addition, auto sequence, auto math, synthesis, curve fit and delete frequency tables are fully operational when recalled.
  • Page 376 Disc/Ploner/HP-IB Operations Saving and Recalling Displays When you press DISC, the following softkeys appear: SAVE Used to save the current display on disc. There are three ways to save FILE files; see "Saving Files on Disc". RECALL Used to recall an existing file from the disc to the display. There are FILE three ways to recall files;...

  • Page 377: Saving Files On Disc

    1 64 Throughput file (50 records) 2 256·byte sectors H fi contains features common to both the HP 3562A and the HP 3563A. The 'Note: The file size for this file type file size is 6 256·byte sectors H H does not H Is best to assume 6 256·byte sectors to ensure suHici,nt file size.
  • Page 378 Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Operations Saving and Recalling Displays " To save files not currently on the display, use " NAME, XXX where XXX is the proper code from table 1 1-2_ Table 1 1 -2_ Codes for Saving Files Not on Display...

  • Page 379: Recalling Files From Disc

    N o te If you save an HP 3563A setup state and recall that state on an HP 3562A, 3562A 3563A ignores state information unique to the HP Using the Disc Catatog When VIEW CATALOG is pressed, the disc's file catalog is displayed.

  • Page 380: The Alpha Mode

    Recalling Displays The Alpha Mode SAVE FILE, RECALL FILE DELETE FILE HP 3563A When is pressed, the shifts into the alpha mode to allow you to enter the file name. In the alpha mode, all front panel hard keys (except LINE...

  • Page 381: Using The Disc Functions Menu

    " Using the Disc Functions Menu The disc functions menu allows you to pack discs, abort HP-ill operations, and create throughput f iles. It also gives you access to the service f unctions, copying and f ormatting menus. Press DISC...

  • Page 382: Formatting Discs

    Refer to your Subset!80 disc drive's manual for more information on the formatting options. The HP 3563A can use only the 256-byte sector size. For example, the 91220 disc drive must use format options 0 (its default), 1 or 4 to work with the 3563A Not all drives default to 256 bytes/sector, so refer to your drive's manual if there is any question about its default format.

  • Page 383: Copying Disc Files

    DISC hardkey): DESTN Used to enter the HP-IB address of the destination disc drive, from 0 to ADDRES See "Identifying the Copy Destination" following this menu. DESTN Used to enter the unit number of the destination disc, from 0 to UNIT "Identifying the Copy Destination"...

  • Page 384: Selecting Files To Be Copied

    RESUME COpy or RESUME OVERWR to finish copying. If a copy is aborted before finished, the destination disc retains all files copied up to, but not including, the one being transferred. ABORT Hp·IB during copying does not affect the source disc. 1 1 ·26...

  • Page 385: Image Backup

    Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Oper Copying Disc Files Image Backup Note IMAGE BACKUP The first action takes is to completely erase the destination disc or tape. Do not perform an image backup to a tape or disc that contains valuable data. Image backups are used to save entire discs for security and archival purposes. This feature allows COPY FILES you to quickly copy the entire contents of a disc;...

  • Page 386: Using The Disc Service Functions

    U s i ng the Disc Service Functions The disc service functions are intended for disc service technicians as well as advanced HP 3563A operators who need to spare blocks on disc or tape. The run time error log and the hardware fault logs are offered, as well as the read·only error rate test.

  • Page 387: Disc Status

    Disc/Ploner/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions Disc Status The disc status display shows the last disc data access error since power-up. example is shown in figure 1 1 -6. Disc S t o t u s Indicates Disc Command Set D1sc TYPQ, Command 5111 "...

  • Page 388: Restoring Catalogs

    Restoration is fast if all files can be located in the order indicated in the catalog. If some sectors are determined bad and need to be spared, restoration can take a long time. It can, however, be ABORT HP-IB gracefully aborted by pressing and started again.
  • Page 389 Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions Figure 1 1-7 shows an example of the disc ERT log. Note that pressing RO ERT TEST to start the ERT erases the ERT log. Disc E R T L o g Pogr...

  • Page 390: The Error Rate Test- Tapes

    Disc/plolter/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions The Error Rate Test- Tapes is run differently for tapes. First, it does not disable error correction circuitry, so only uncorrectable errors are shown. Second, it does all the interpreting for you, so any sector that shows up in the log on a tape needs to be spared.

  • Page 391: The Run Time Log

    Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions The Run Time Log This log records data errors that occur during normal operation. Because the error correction circuitry is enabled during normal operation, the run time log does not show correctable errors.

  • Page 392: Sparing Blocks

    Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Oper ions Using the Disc Service F ions Sparing Blocks You can use the run time and logs to locate bad blocks on media. Once located, these blocks SPARE BLOCK can be spared using This allows you to continue using the media while avoiding bad areas.

  • Page 393: The Fault Log

    D Error Figure 1 1-10. The Disc Fault Log Note This fault log is designed for the disc service technician who is familiar with its contents. It is not intended for use by HP 3563A operators. 1 1 ·35...

  • Page 394: Quick Reference Tables

    Disc/Plotler/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions Quick Reference Tables ERROR REPORTING FIELDS 1 FAULT ERRORS FIELD 2 REJECT ERRORS FiElD IDENTIFICATION FIELD <wwuuuu> <ss SS SS ss> < 0 0 2 0 0 5 6 7> <8 9 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0>...
  • Page 395 Disc/Plotter/HP-IB Operations Using the Disc Service Functions Request Status Summary (continued) ERROR REPORTING FIELDS 1 PARAMmR FIELD 4 ACCESS ERRORS FIELD INFORMATION ERRORS FIELD < 32 33 34 35 36 37 0 0 > < 48 49 50 51 52 0 0 55 >...

  • Page 396: Outputting Command Strings

    OUTPUT STRING 5, PA1 000,1 000 sends the HP-GL command "PA1000 , 1000 " (Plot Absolute to location 1000 , 1(00 ) to a plotter at address 5. For secondary addresses, use 3- or 4-digit addresses. The last two digits in 3- and 4-digit addresses are treated as the secondary address_ The HP 3563A can send HP-IB commands to itself.
  • Page 397 Enable or disable the analzyer's beeper • Set up source protections • Configure the analyzer to send an SRQ over the HP-IB on power-on • View block diagrams useful while configuring the analyzer • Enable/disable softkey annotation for parameter entry or submenus (see the description of the...

  • Page 398: Chapter 12: Special Functions/Preset Conditions

    The S P C L FCTN Hardkey The SPCL FCTN hard key provides access to the 3563A's special features - features such as self tests, service tests, the internal non-real time clock, the internal beeper, source protection, and power-on service requests. Figure 12-1 shows the menu diagram for the SPCL FCTN hardkey.
  • Page 399 SoHkey Descriptions The softkeys that appear when you press SPCL FCTN do the following: SELF Determines if the HP 3563A is operating correctly. To initiate the self TEST tests, reset the analyzer, press SPCL FCTN, then press this softkey twice. All measurement data and display setup information is erased during the self test cycle.
  • Page 400 Displays the Visual Help softkeys (See "Visual Help"). These softkeys HELP provide block diagrams useful in setting up the analyzer. Pwr SRQ When in the position, outputs a service request, SRQ, to the HP-IB ON OFF when power switched on. The default value is OFF.

  • Page 401: Source Protection

    Special Functions/Preset Conditions The SPCL FCTN Hardkey Source Protection The SOURCE PROTCT soft key allows you to activate source protection and set its ramp time, as follows: Controls source protection. If ON, the source level and the dc offset PROTCT ON OFF return to OV when the measurement mode, the source output type or any frequency parameter is changed.

  • Page 402: Visual Help

    Special Functions/Preset Cond�ions The SPCL FCTN Hardkey Visual Help The VISUAL HELP softkey allows you to view block diagrams useful in setting up the analyzer. A variety of visual helps are available, as follows: CHAN Selects a block diagram display of the channel configuration for CONFIG Channel 1.

  • Page 403: The Preset Hardkey

    Special Functions/Preset Conditions The PRESET Hardkey The PRESET Hardkey The PRESET hardkey presets the analyzer. When pressed it does two things: presets the analyzer for the current measurement mode and displays a softkey menu. The softkey menu lets you reset the analyzer to its power-on state or select predefined measurement mode setups.
  • Page 404 Special Functions/Preset Conditions The PRESET Hardkey RESP LlNRES F R E S P LOG RES RESP SWEPT P SPEC L I N RES TIME CAPTUR TIME THRUPT Figure 12·2. PRESET Menu Diagram 1 2-8...
  • Page 405 Special Functions/Preset Cond�ions The PRESET Hardkey Softkey Descriptions �'- The following paragraphs describe the PRESET softkeys: Presets the instrument to the frequency response measurement in the F RESP LlNRES linear resolution mode. Figure 12-3 shows the instrument state display. L i n e a r R e s o l i o n MEA S U...
  • Page 406 Special Functions/Preset Conditions The PRESET Hardkey Presets the instrument to the frequency response measurement in the F RESP swept sine mode. Figure 12-5 shows the instrument state display. SWEPT S w e p t S i n e A V G S A V E R A G E I N T G R T T I M E...
  • Page 407 tipeClal l""UnCtlOnS/t"'reser \",. o onUllIUfl::i Th e PRESET Hardkey Presets the instrument to the time capture mode and sets up a TIME lO-record capture on Channel 1, from 0 to 5 kHz. Figure 12-7 shows CAPTUR the instrument state displ ay. T i m e C a p t u r e 0 1 I...
  • Page 408 RESET also clears the analyzer's command buffer HP-IB and stops any running auto sequence. L i n e a r R e s o l u t i o n...

  • Page 409: Chapter 13: Digital Connections

    I ntrod uction This section contains two chapters to help you make digital and mixed (one channel digital; the other analog) measurements: • Chapter 13: Digital Connections • Chapter 14: Digital & Mixed Measurements Chapter 13 describes aB the digital connectors on the analyzer's rear panel. It contains the information you need to connect the analyzer to your digital device-under-test.

  • Page 411: Purpose Of This Chapter

    D i g ital C o n n ecti o n s Purpose Of This Chapter This chapter is a collection of information about digital connections. Making connections is the first of three steps required to make measurements. 1. Make connections (this chapter) 2.
  • Page 412 Digital connections are ribbon cables which connect rear-panel connectors to the system under test. Figure 13-1 shows general signal I/O for everything except HP-lB. Most of the signals at the rear panel are digital. Figure 13-2 shows the connector layout of the rear panel.

  • Page 413: Digital Overview: The Hardware

    Input Cables There are three identical input cables and input pods supplied with the HP 3563A During installation these are labeled as Pods 1, 2, and See figure B-3. The input cables should be connected to the device under test with either the pod tips or the optional termination-adapter pod.

  • Page 414: Output Cables

    O u t pu t C a b les There are three identical output cables and output pods supplied with the HP 3563A During installation these are labeled as LSB, MSB, and Pod X (See figure 13-4). The output cable impedance is 50n and does not require the use of pod tips.

  • Page 415: Input Probe System

    Digital (.;onnectlons Digi al Overview: The Hardware In put Probe System The digital probe system consists of probes, pods, probe cables, and grabbers. The input probe leads contain an RC network consisting of a 90.9 kQ resistor in parallel with an 8 pF capacitor. The input cables are shielded resistive transmission line.
  • Page 416 Digital Connections Digital Overview: The Hardware Probes can be grounded either through a common pod ground or with a ground connection that exists on each of the probe ends. To reduce noise and aid clocking of high-speed signals, use probe grounds close to the signal source;...

  • Page 417: Output Probe System

    UIQlIal LoonneCllUl1::; Digi t al Overview: The Hardware Output Probe System The output cable is an 8-wire coaxial ribbon cable. The output pod (also referred to as a probe adapter) holds 10 probes, two of which are circuit ground. The pod with the probes installed, is called a pod assembly.

  • Page 418: Digital Accessories Provided

    Conne Digital Overview: The Hardware Digital Accessories Provided Table 1 3-1. Digital Accessories Provided HP Part number Quantity Accessory Description Cable/Pouch kit (includes all of fOllowing) 03563-84402 01650-61607 Input cable; 40-pin woven Input pod assembly (includes following 4 items) 03563-61 605...

  • Page 419: Optional Digital Accessories

    HP 10348A 8-channel CMOS tri-state buffer (for output cables) • HP 01650-63201 termination adapter pod (for input cables); see figure 13-9. A 40-to-20-pin adapter containing the same signal conditioning circuits as are in the standard input pod. The 20-pin connector is a 2 x 10 position, 4-waII, low-profile header connector, 3M ® Series 3592.
  • Page 420 Digital Connections 90.9 Digital Overview: The Hardware 4 Q-pin 20-pin 40-pin 20-pir. C = 8 pF no -connection kOhm 23 -d::>- 12 :::: : 25 -d::>- 13 27 -d::>- 14 -c!:;:l- 11 -d::>- � I • • -d: :>- -d::>- 35 -d::>- 18 15 -d::>- 8 -d::>-...

  • Page 421: Connecting The Input Pods

    (.;onnections Digital Connecting the Input Pods Connecti ng the I nput Pods Signals on Pods Data is brought into the analyzer through input pods 1 and 2. Each pod has 16 data lines (DO-D15) and a data clock (CLK) which must be used to clock in data on that pod. Pod 1 can bring in data for Channel 1 or Channel 2 or both (useful for taking data for both channels from a common bus).

  • Page 422: Timing Considerations

    Digital Connections Connecting the Input Pods Timing Considerations Data Data Clock Qualifiers "ts u1 Data set-up time relative to data clock; 20 ns t h1 Data hold time relative to data clock; 'ts u 2 Qualifier set-up time relative to data clock: 60 ns t h2 Qualifier hold time relative to data clock;...
  • Page 423 Digttal (Jonnecuons Input Pods Table 13-4. Configuralion Sleps Concerning Dala Size versus Bus Size Data Size (# Bits) Bus Size 1 . Connect the 8 data lines to the 8 upper-most pod lines, 08-01 5. Connect the 8 data lines to the 8 upper-most pod lines, 08-015.

  • Page 424: Connecting The Qualifier Pod

    (digital-to-analog converter) connected to the microprocessor bus. The data is transferred using a write pulse (WR) in conjunction with an address. To read the same data with the HP 3563A, WR signal is connected to the CLK input on Pod This signal serves as the data clock.

  • Page 426: Connecting The Source Pods

    Digital (.;onnectlons Connecting the Source Pods C o nnecting the Sou rce Pods Signals on Pods LSB and MSB Sixteen bits of source data are available on two 8-bit pods - source MSB and source LSB. The upper 8 bits appear on the source MSB pod; the lower 8 bits (where bit 0 is the least significant bit) appear on the source LSB pod.

  • Page 427: Timing Considerations

    Digital Connections Connecting the Source Pods Timing Considerations User - Supplied Sample Clock r-'" Signal 150ns Source Data Analyzer Output 3500ns* Signals SRC-CLK • 3500ns is the minimum at a 256 kHz sample rate. InteNal increases w�h decreasing sample rate. Figure Source Timing Diagram 13-17.

  • Page 428: Connecting Pod

    Digital Connections Connecting Pod Connecting Pod Pod X provides a buffered sample clock signal and two special source signals, as follows: Source Clock is an analyzer output that indicates (on its rising edge) when source SRC-CLK data becomes valid. The source clock signal becomes active (high) approximately 150 ns after the source data valid, which occurs 100 to 200 ns after the sample clock edge.

  • Page 429: Connecting The Sample Clock

    ulgltal (.;onnectlons Connecting the Sample Clock Connecti ng the Sample Clock The analyzer clocks data from both channels into internal memory with the sample clock. See figure 13-19. The sample clock is chosen from among the various clock signal inputs. The sample clock can be either Pod Q Clock, External Sample, Channel 1 clock, or Channel 2 clock.
  • Page 430 Dig�al Connections Connecting the Sample Clock Timing Considerations The sample clock is the main system clock - all other timing (and phase) relationships are 13-19. referenced to it. See figure There can be only one sample clock selected for the analyzer. When there are two clocks in a system (implying that data occurs at different times within a sample period), the sample clock is usually set to be the signal that clocked in data last.

  • Page 431: Clock Polarity

    Digit l Connections Connecting the Sample Clock ----4 Sample includes this data if sample clock is CHAN CLOCK Channel data Channel data Channel data Channel data Data .1--- Sample includes this data if sample clock is CHAN CLOCK Data Clock Clock Qualifier Clock Qualifier Clock Qualifier...
  • Page 432 Digital Connections Connecting the Sample Clock Example: An 8-blt processor using 16-bit data Assumptions: • Output statements in a processor program are used to send measurement data to the analyzer. • Each 16-bit data transfer requires two output statements. • There are four combinations of qualifier pattern (odd or even) and order (which byte is first).
  • Page 433 ulgn:al I.".,onnecllorls Connecting the Sample Clock Example 2: Output LSB first with an even port address (QO Program: OUTPUT LSB,7 OUTPUT MSB,6 The setup is the same as the first example, but set LAST to O. See figure 13-23. 1 /0 0 : when 00 O .

  • Page 434: Verifying Digital Connections

    Digital Connections Verifying Digital Connections Verifying Digital Connections Under the VIEW INPUT hardkey are the two softkeys INPUT DIG 1 and INPUT DIG 2. These allow you to view the digital input as shown in figure 13-24. The channel data displayed is what resides in memory after going through several stages of latching and conversion.
  • Page 435 Digital Connections Verifying Digital Connections C o n f i g C h a n n e l � � OUALlFIER POD INPUT T < 1 ":' 1 2 10 6 Reconstruction 16-bit data corn , . , 00-0 from an 8-bit b 0 0 - 1 Conversion fro offset-binary fo...
  • Page 436 Digital Connections Verifying Dig�al Connections 1 3-26...
  • Page 437 D i g it a l a n d M ixed M easureme nts Purpose This Chapter This chapter is a collection of information about making digital and mixed measurements. Mixed measurements are two-channel measurements taken with one analog channel and one digital channel.
  • Page 438 Introduction Introduction The HP 3563A measures continuous-time (analog) signals by first filtering the signal to limit energy above 100 kHz, then sampling the signal at the 256 kHz, and storing it in memory. The data samples (collectively called a lime record) are stored in memory. Figure 14-1 shows the overall measurement process.

  • Page 439: Chapter 14: Digital And Mixed Measurements

    Digital Mixed Measurements All-Digital Measurements Al l - D i g ital Measurements Planning the Measurement Digital measurements are performed the same as for analog measurements except that there is no anti-alias filtering and the physical connections are through digital signal analyzer pods instead of coaxial wire and BNC connectors.
  • Page 440 Digital and Mixed Measurements Ail-Digital Measurements Determine method of connecting the source. There are two methods that can be used to inject a digital signal into a circuit under test. In the first method. an existing input device, like an converter, can be disabled and the source data substituted for the disabled device's output.
  • Page 441 Di g it l ana Mlxea M e su rem e m s All-Digital Measurements Chan 1 Chan 1 P od 1 latch clock qualifier pattern Pod Q qualifier pattern Chan 2 Pod 2 and latch Chan clock d a ta clock if channel data is from Pod 1 elK...
  • Page 442 AII-Dig�al Measurements Choosing a Sample Clock The HP 3563A has an internal 256 sample clock which is used whenever both input channels are analog_ When one or both channels are digital, you must supply the sample clock to the analyzer.
  • Page 443 Digital and Mixed Measurements All-Digital Measurements If the delay value is known, you may wish to include the phase effects of the microprocessor computational time in a transfer function measurement. Enter the delay value with the COMPUT DELAY? softkey (in the INPUT CON FIG/INTERFACE 1 /DATA CLOCK menu). Entering a negative delay value for Channel 1 negates the positive delay introduced by the measurement.
  • Page 444 Although there are differences between overloaded and overflowed data, they are treated identically in the measurement process. The HP 3563A uses 13-bit data in all measurement calculations. To convert 16-bit data into 13-bit words, the data either rounded or truncated, depending on whether the upper-13 or 10wer-13 bits u p per are chosen.
  • Page 445 Mlxea M ments Digital ana All-Digital Measurements Making an All-Digital Measurement Except for clock selection, digital input and source setup, and overflow detection, there are few differences between an all-analog and all-digital measurements. One feature that is unique to digital measurements is the 1024-line display mode in the WINDOW menu.

  • Page 446: Mixed Measurements

    Digital and Mixed Measurements Mixed Measurements Mixed Meas u re ments A mixed analog/digital measurement is a measurement configuration that has one analog channel and one digital channel. The source can be either analog or digital. Planning the Measu rement The steps discussed previously for planning an all-digital measurement apply to the digital portion of a mixed measurement.

  • Page 447: The Mixed-Measurement Model

    Digttal and Mixed Measurements Mixed Measurements The Mixed-Measurement Model For mixed measurements, it's usually necessary to model the analyzer as a sampled system in order to design a measurement and interpret the results. In an all-analog measurement, this "modelling" was unnecessary because the internal input anti-alias and source reconstruction filters were completely effective at the 256 kHz internal sample clock rate.
  • Page 448 Digital and Mixed Measurements Mixed Measurements The Digital Input Model The digital input can be modeled as a sampled system with two delay elements and two samplers as shown in figure 14-8. The left delay block models the time delay between the data clock (data latched into the analyzer) and the next sample clock.
  • Page 449 Digital ana Mlxea Measuremems Mixed Measurements The Analog and Digital Source Model �', The analog source is modeled as a zero-order hold (ZOH) followed by an analog reconstruction filter. As shown in figure 17-7, the source is updated at the sample clock rate. The reconstruction is designed to produce a flat, image-free source response when the sample clock is operating at filter a 256 kHz rate.

  • Page 451: Choosing A Sample Clock

    ulgnal ana Mlxeo Measuremems Mixed Measurements Choosing a Sample Clock The sample clock plays a very important role in mixed measurements. It controls when the analog channel is sampled, when the digital data is sampled (moved into the measurement channel), and when the sourcc is updated.
  • Page 452 Digi t al and Mixed Measurements Mixed Measurements Figure 14-11 illustrates how the formula works. The input spectrum contains energy up to the frequency, Fstop• When the input signal is sampled, the negative image of the spectrum is replicated at the sample frequency, F",. AJiasing occurs only where the spectrum and its image overlap. As shown, this leaves the portion of the input spectrum between 0 Hz and F,op unaffected by aliasing.
  • Page 453 POD Q CLOCK input. (220/2). Anything in the frequency span between 110 kHz and 156 will alias into kHz. removed by the HP 3563A's the span between kHz and 110 Energy above 156 kHz anti-alias filters and does not produce aliasing.
  • Page 454 ulgnal ana Mlxea Measurements Mixed Measurements To avoid using the data above kHz, and to improve frequency resolution, the center frequency and span should be set so the 801 lines of resolution are concentrated between 0 Hz to 64 kHz. The analyzer's frequency spans are based on Fsa.

  • Page 455: Index

    Antiloge 15-14 A GAIN SELECT 5-4,5-12 Arbitrary source 3-19 A&B (key) normalizing 3-22 ABORT CAPTUR restrictions 3-20 ABORT HP-IB 11-3 7-42 During disc copy 11-26 ARM AU MAN 7-38 During throughput 11-13, 11-23 ARM hardkey 1-14 In Time throughput Arrow keys...
  • Page 456 Index 5·10 7·24 Auto gain (swept sine) BITS 8 16 5·31 12-6 Block Diagrams AUTO INTGRT Auto math BURST CHIRP 3·14 15·18 · 15·24 Linear res mode introduction to 15·22 Labels Burst chirp signal 3·16 15-18 Linear res mode Programming auto math table 15·20 BURST RANDOM Starting auto math...
  • Page 457 Channel 2 (connector) A·3 Control block (key group) 1·13 Channel Clock 7·16, 14-4 Controlling other Hp· IB devices 11·38 Channel clocks Converting V < M V > rms < D > to when active 7·16 V < MV > pk < D >...
  • Page 458 Index order reduction 16·8 CREATE THRUPT 9-7 - 9-9, 11-23 order, selecting CROSS CORR (MEAS DISP menu) 3-47 16-41 CROSS CORR (SELECT MEAS menu) 3-32, 3-47 order, specifying 16·5 overflows, digital 16·18 cross Correlation poles, adding 16-43 Cross correlation display 3-48 Cross correlation measurement poles, fi x ed...
  • Page 459 Index 7·2 Data paths Digital inputs 7·23 7·34 Data size range 7·24 7·24 # of bits menu 7·13 7·36 selecting 16-bit performance 7·35 7·24 Data size menu auto aligrunent 7·24 14-8 Data truncation bits used 12·3 block diagram DATE M, D, Y 1·13 7·24 Date settings...
  • Page 460 Index A·3 Display ENABLED (Indicator LED) 15·20 1·9 Block (key group) END EDIT (auto math) 84 . 8·7 Coordinates END EDIT (Aulo sequences) 745 · 746 2·13 coordinates and units Engineering units 8·2 Description labels 1·9 ENGR UNITS Format keys 1·8 8·3 Formatting...
  • Page 461 Index 7·38 FREE RUN FREQ 12·9 F RESP LINRES 3·56 Linear res mode 12·9 F RESP LOGRES 4·25 Log res mode 12·10 F RESP SWEPT 5·24 Swept sine mode Fast averaging FREQ & DAMP 8·29 3-80 Linear res mode 1·8 FREQ hardkey 11.28, 11·35 FAULT LOG (disc service only)
  • Page 462 1·13 Display block PAUSE/CONT 1·14 1·11 PLOT Entry block 1·15 1·13 Help block PRESET 1·14 1·8 RANGE Hp·IB block 1·13 1·10 SA VE/RECALL Markers block 1·8 1·9 SCALE Measurement block 1·12 Operators block SELECT MEAS 1·14 SELECT TRIG Status block 1·8...
  • Page 463 Inputs, setting up 11-3 9-14 HP-IB ADORES Throughpu\ 11-3 INST HP -IB addresses 1-14 3-73, 3-83 Linear res mode HP-IB block (key group) 11-2 6-19 HP-IB FCfN Time capture 1-14 HP-IB FerN hardkey INST WNDOW 7-39 3-73, 3-83 HP-IB TRIG...
  • Page 465 Index MEAS MODE Modes Activating Linear res mode A comparison 3-1, 3-3 Activating Log res mode Linear resolution 4-1, 4-6 Log resolution Activating Swept sine mode Activating Time capture mode Overview 5-1, 5-3 - 5-4 9-12 Activating Time throuhput Swept sine 6-13 6-1, 6-5 Time capture...
  • Page 466 Index ORBITS TlvsTI PDF l Linear res mode 3-83, 3-86 Linear res mode 3-49, 3-51 Scaling Time capture mode 6-22 8-15 PDF 2 With COORD menu Linear res mode Orders (Revs) 3-49, 3-51 Time capture mode 6-22 Orders CAL Out-of-band excitation, Linear res mode Peak continuous function Output cables (digital) 13-4...
  • Page 467 Index POWER SPEC 1 3·35, 3-42, 6-20 Linear res mode 3-15 RAMP 4-15, 4-22 - 4-23 Log res mode Ramp signal 5-17 Swept sine mode 3-19 Linear res mode POWER SPEC 2 12-5 RAMP TIME 3-35, 3-42, 6-20 Linear res mode 3-29 Linear res mode 4-15, 4-22 - 4-23...
  • Page 468 Index Reset 12-1, 12-11 SAVED 1 15-6 RESET softkey SAVED 2 1-13 15-6 Saving & recalling states and traces RESLTN 5-26, 5-29 RESLTN AU FIX Local memory 5-26, 5-29 8-32 Resolution, frequency Saving auto sequences to disc 10-12 SBAND INCRMT 8·28 Linear res mode 3-53 - 3-65...
  • Page 469 Index Source protection 12-5 Sideband markers 8-28 Sideband power 8-28 Linear res mode 3-29 Swept sine mode 5-7 SINGLE 3-15, 8-3 SOURCE QUALFR 3-12 SINGLE 7-43 Source qualifIers 14-5 SLOPE 8-26 SOURCE RANGE 3·12 Slope (marker function) 1-10 SOURCE RNG digital operation 7-35 - 7-36 SLOPE - 7-39...
  • Page 470 Index START bardkey 1-13 Throughput Act ivating 9-12 START MATH 15-20, 15-23 Data collection 9-10 - 9-18 START PLOT 11-8 Opening tbroughput files 9-7 - 9-9 Start points Overview 9-4 Capture measurements 6-27 Selecting throughput channels 9-16 Througbput measurements 9-20 START THRUPT 9-12, 9-17 throughput session 9-10 Starting captures 6-12...
  • Page 471 Index 2-13, 8-3, 8·8 8-12 Time record length Units 3-63 2-14 Formula for available 3-56 How to set Combining with coordinates 3-84 8-8, 8·10 Selecting Linear res mode 2-15 vertical axis Time throughput 1·9 12-11 TIME THRUPT UNITS hardkey 10-5 1-11 TIMED PAUSE Up/down arrow keys...
  • Page 472 Index 8-15 7-45 Y-axis scaling VOLTS CHAN2 YES (1) VOLTS PEAK 3-80 Power spectrum units menu 8-10 - 8-11 With previewing VOLTS RMS Linear spectrum units menu 8-10 8-10 power spectrum units menu ZERO START 8-11 swept units menu 3-57 Linear res mode 2-16, 8-10 - 8-11 VOLTS2...
  • Page 473 Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices To obtain Servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office listed in HP Catalog, or contact the nearest regional office listed below: In the United States In Gennan Federal Republic...
  • Page 477 .. -..HP 3563A Operating Manual Control Systems Analyzer Volume 11 (Includes Data Operations, Appendices, and Installation Guide) HEWLETT PACKARO HP Part No. 03563-90000 Microfiche No. 03563-90200 Printed In U.S.A. Print Date: February 1990 1989, 1990. Ail ©Hewlett-Packard Company, rights reserved.
  • Page 479 Table of Contents Volume 11 & Chapter Math Math Purpose Of Chapter ..15-1 This Waveform Math ......
  • Page 480 Table of Contents How Coherence is Used in Curve Fitting 16-35 · • How Auto Order Defmes a Good Fit ......16-36 · Effect on Weighting Function ..

  • Page 481: Sales Offices

    Table of Contents Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data 17-34 • • • Entering Pole-Residue Data: .-Domain ........17-34 Entering Pole-Residue Data: z-Domain ........17-35 Reconstructing Simple Poles ....17-37 •...

  • Page 483: Purpose Of This Chapter

    Purpose Of This Chapter This chapter shows you how to use the 3563A's math and auto math features - part of the Operators group. It assumes you are familiar with the basic operation of the instrument (at the minimum, you should be familiar with chapter "Introduction"...

  • Page 484: Waveform Math Overview

    Math Math & Auto Waveform Math Waveform Math Overview All softkeys that perform waveform math operations are located under the MATH hardkey. Figure 15-1 shows the menu diagram for this key. Waveform math operates on the data block represented by the displayed trace, not on the trace itself.
  • Page 485 Math & Auto Math Waveform Math REAL PART COMPLX EXPAND I N T CONJ � COM- IN!T PRESS . ROOT LN- ' OF TRACT DATA � NEGATE NEXT NEXT RETURN Figure 15-1. MATH Menu Diagram 1 5-3...

  • Page 486: Softkey Descriptions

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Softkey Descriptions The softkeys that appear when you press MATH do the following: Selects addition; see "Algebraic Operations." Selects subtraction; see "Algebraic Operations." Selects multiplication; see "Algebraic Operations." Selects division; see" Algebraic Operations." Calculates the square root of the active trace; see "Square Root." SQUARE ROOT Reciprocates the active trace;...
  • Page 487 Math & Auto Math Waveform Math The softkeys that appear when you press MATH, NEXT, NEXT do the following: Zeros out the imaginary part of complex measurement data; see "Real REAL PART Part." Calculates the complex conjugate of the active trace; see "Complex COMPLX Conjugation."...

  • Page 488: Algebraic Operations

    (Entry group), and then press SA \'BD #. Autosequence and Auto Math tables containing this softkey cannot be recalled on the HP 3S62A For more information about the use of the User Save Data Block, refer to the description of the SAVE DATA# softkey in chapter 8.
  • Page 489 MaIn AUIO MaIn Waveform Math Note To divide log magnitude traces, use the DIV softkcy, not SUB. A log magnitude trace is strictly a function of the display. The data are stored in linear format, so division is required. Pole Zero SYNTHESIS M:SYNrHE$I$...

  • Page 490: Square Root

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Square Root If the trace is a baseband time record (2048 real points), SQUARE ROOT calculates the square root of the absolute value of each point in the active trace. For all other traces (1024 complex points), SQUARE ROOT calculates the complex square root of each point in the active trace, resulting in a complex trace.
  • Page 491 Auto Math Math & Waveform Math Negation NEGATE individually multiplies the real and imaginary parts of the measurement data by minus one; 1 5-5 figure 15-5 shows an example. The traces in figure show the results of negating a frequency response.
  • Page 492 Math & Auto Math Waveform Math INTGRT integrates the active trace by summing the discrete areas contained at each point on the display. Figure 15-7 shows an example of integration. INTGRT sums all points, while 0 initializes the first point to zero. INTGRT INIT Trace B is the Numeri c Integral of Trace A X-Z'-;9 .

  • Page 493: Artificial Integrationidifferentiation

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Artificial Integration/Differentiation Artificial differentiation is performed by mUltiplying the trace by j2.rr M. This [unction provides the frequency spectrum of the time domain derivative. SYNTHFSIS Zero POle '. 6 Value at Marker Readout on Trace B equals: 0.

  • Page 494: Calculating Open-Loop Response

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Calculating Open-loop Response T/l - T calculates open-loop response from a measured closed-loop frequency response curve, as the example in figure 15-11 shows. To yield a valid result, the measured response (T) must be the active trace.

  • Page 495: Complex Conjugation

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Complex Conjugation COMPL.X CONJ calculates the complex conjugate of the active trace; figure shows an example. 15-13 Cone' "'O;>C;. SVNiHES1S 1:10.0 ••• Trace A is a Synthesized Constant of j1, which yields a Phase of 450 0 ••...
  • Page 496 Math & Auto Math Waveform Math LN- 1 0F DATA calculates the anti log (log,) of the active trace, taking phase in radians from the imaginary part of the data and loge of the magnitude from the real part. The magnitude is assumed to be in the real part;...

  • Page 497: Fft And Inverse Fft

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math FFT and Inverse FFT computes a 1024-line from either a 1024-point complex record or a 2048-point real record. FFTs on time domain traces, 1024 lines are produced; 801 or 1024 lines are saved and displayed (depending on the selection of WINDOW LINES 801 or LINES 1024).

  • Page 498: Compress

    Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Com press COMPRESS squeezes the active trace into a segment and replicates the segment with a mirror image in successive block segments to fill the entire block. This results in reflecting the data around the Nyquist frequency, 1(2.
  • Page 499 Math & Auto Math Waveform Math Extract EXTRACT takes a segment of data in the active trace (between your Start and Stop values) and fills the entire block with the segment. This operation allows you to decrease the bin spacing of a trace by a rational factor and thus make direct comparisons between measurements with different sample rates.

  • Page 500: Auto Math

    Auto Math Auto Math The HP 3563A's auto math feature allows you to program math operations using the Active Trace keys and the softkeys in the MATH and MEAS OISP menus. The current auto math table is saved in nonvolatile memory inside the instrument and is not erased when power is removed. Tables can also be stored in disc memory;...
  • Page 501 Math & Auto Math Auto Math " • ... �' VIEW NATH LINE CLEAR HATH EDIT This sotlkey has the some effect os (EOi'fMATHJ EDIT] followed by lEND pressing Figure 15-18. AUTO MATH Menu Diagram 15-19...

  • Page 502: Softkey Descriptions

    Math & Auto Math Auto Math Softkey Descriptions The softkeys available under AUTO MATH do the following (described in the order that they appear in figure 15-18): Displays the auto math table and its editing menu. EDIT MATH Displays the auto math table but does not allow any editing. This is VIEW MATH useful to display the table for plotting or saving to disc.
  • Page 503 Math & Auto Math Auto Math Auto Moth 18" Key*, Le' I ..VTO HATH <:> LlnRS Loo", I Activates Trace A MEAS OISP · FREO RESP MI':':AS DiSP, FREQ RESP • HATH · T/1_T LOCAL Acti v ates Trace B Selects FREQ RESP Display for Trace B Computes Open-loop...

  • Page 504: The Auto Math Label

    It appears on top of the active trace (in the same field as the other MEAS OISP selections). HP 3563A To enter the label, press LABEL MATH, and the shifts into the alpha mode. In this mode,...

  • Page 505: The Auto Math Table Can Be Started In Two Ways

    MaIn (It f'\UlO Mam Auto Math The Auto Math table Can Be Started In Two Ways: 1 . Press AUTO MATH, then the START MATH softkey. 2. Press MEAS DISP, then the AUTO MATH softkey. Note that the AUTO MATH softkey label is replaced by the math label, if one was programmed in the table (POWER TEST, for example).
  • Page 506 Math & Auto Math Auto Math 15-24...

  • Page 507: Chapter 16: Curve Fit

    Curve Fit Purpose of This Chapter This chapter shows you how to use the HP 3563A's curve-fit feature. The curve-fit feature allows you to find a mathematical model which closely approximates the frequency response data obtained from measured or synthesized data.

  • Page 508: Curve Fit Overview

    Often, the trace math capabilities of the HP 3563A will be used to manipulate the data, or to combine it with data from another source before the curve fitting is performed.

  • Page 509: Curve Fit Operating Modes

    Curve Fit Curve Fit Overview Curve Fit Operating Modes Each curve fitter (the s-domain curve fitter and the z-domain curve fitter) has two operating modes: • User Order • Auto Order User Order In user order, the curve-fit routine uses only the specified numerator and denominator order. A model is developed, with these orders, that has a frequency response which comes as close as possible to the frequency response data in a least-squares sense.

  • Page 510: Basic Curve Fit Set Up

    Curve Fit Curve Fit Overview The curve-fit algorithm uses the coherence function to determine how large the difference can be between the synthesis of the fit model and the measured frequency response in defining a good fit. See "How Coherence is Used in Curve Fitting" for more details on the definition of a good fit. Once a good fit is found (or a fit with minimum error is returned if none of the fits meet the 'good' criterion), the numerator and denominator polynomials from the fit are factored into pole/zero form.
  • Page 511 Curve Fit Curve Fit Overview Specify the numerator order and denominator order If user order is selected, enter the number of poles and zeros to be used in the model. If auto order is selected, enter the maximum number of poles and zeros to be used in the curve fit. By default, auto order uses a maximum of 40 poles and 40 zeros.
  • Page 512 Curve F� Curve Fit Overview Specify the Sample Frequency or Scaling Frequency If the z-domain curve fitter is to be used, a sample frequency must be specified before the curve fit is started. The sample frequency can be entered directly into the table, or it can be made to track the measurement sample frequency.

  • Page 513: Starting The Curve Fitter

    Curve Fit Curve Overview Starting the Curve Fitter START FIT After the curve-fitter has been properly set up, it can be started using the softkey in the CREATE FIT menu (see figure 16-7). While the fit is in progress, the UPPER LOWER FRONT BACK...
  • Page 514 Curve Fit Curve Overview 16-1. Table Example sequences for curve-fit order reduction Example Example 5, 3 When the auto-order algorithm finishes order reduction, it factors the polynomial-ratio fit into poles and zeros. Then a search is done on the pole and zero terms to determine if any are close enough to each other to be cancelled.
  • Page 515 Curve Fit Curve Fit Overview User Order Operation The following paragraphs describe the operation of user order. After initial calculations are completed, the cUlVe-fit routine uses your system order entries to find a cUlVe-fit model with a frequency response which comes as close as is possible in a least-squares sense to the measured frequency response.
  • Page 516 Curve F� Curve Fit Overview View the results After the curve fit has finished, trace contains the synthesized result of the curve fit. To view the curve fit table, press EDIT TABLE. In the s-domain table, unstable poles are indicated by a positive real coefficient. For Note the z-domain table, unstable poles (which lie outside the unit circle) are highlighted.

  • Page 517: Basic Example: S-Domain Curve Fit

    Curve Fit Basic Example: s-Domain Curve Fit Basic Example: s-Oomain Curve Fit This example uses the s-domain curve fitter to find a model for a synthesized frequency response trace. The model obtained by curve fitting to synthesized data is usually quite similar to the model used in the synthesis.
  • Page 518 Curve Fit Basic Example: s-Domain Curve Fit Next, make sure X-axis markers are off (they are ON if the yellow LED above X is lit). If necessary, press X OFF to deactivate the X-axis marker(s). Then press the following keys: Displays the main curve-fit menu CURVE FIT Toggle this key to the s domain (so that S is highlighted)
  • Page 519 Curve Fit Basic Example: s-Domain Curve Fit When the fit is finished, the message 'Fit Complete' is displayed. The resulting display should look like figure 16-2. Notice the Fxd Y indication in the lower left corner. This indicates the y-scale is f IXed to 0,- 80 dB on trace B (trace has the same indication, but it is on y default scale).
  • Page 520 Curve Fit Basic Example: s-Domain Curve Fi t You can now edit the curve-fit table by pressing CURVE FIT followed by EDIT TABLE. Your table should look like figure 16-3. C u r v e F i t P O L E S ZEROS 2 5 0 .

  • Page 522: Obtaining A Good Model

    Curve Fit Obtaining Good Model Obtaining a Good Model The fundamental assumption in curve fitting is that the measured frequency response corresponds to a finite-order rational-polynomial (linear) model. There are several challenges involved in making accurate measurements which fulfill this assumption, and in utilizing measurements inevitably subject to contamination and finite frequency span to obtain reasonable models.
  • Page 523 Curve Fit Obtaining a Good Model When using the RANDOM NOISE source, a Hanning window must be applied to the time-domain data to reduce leakage in the frequency domain. However, multiplication in the time domain corresponds to convolution in the frequency domain. This means that the frequency response is convoluted with the fourier transform of the Hanning window, which produces slight frequency smearing (the main lobe of the window is approximately three bins in width).
  • Page 524 Curve Fij Obtaining a Good Model In summary, swept sine is best used in situations where a high signal-to-noise ratio cannot be obtained without introducing distortion. The FFT based measurements tend to be faster, and have the advantage of generating a coherence function (coherence is generated in swept-sine measurements, but is not used).
  • Page 525 Curve Fit Obtaining a Good Model Accounting for Respon � e Outside Measurement Span s Domain Curve fitting in the s domain is performed over a finite portion of the theoretical frequency response. This can cause the s-domain curve-fit routine to introduce unexpected poles and zeros. These extra terms (frequently zeros) are necessary to account for the poles and zeros in the system beyond the measurement frequency span that have a significant effect inside the measurement span.

  • Page 526: The Fit Region

    Curve The F� Region The Fit Region Curve fitting is always done over a finite range o f frequencies. This is referred t o as the fit region. The entire frequency response trace displayed on the analyzer is used as the fit region if X-markers are not turned on.
  • Page 527 Curve Ftt The Fit Region S y n t h e s i s " P O L E S Z E R O S - 2 5 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 2 . 0 k ;!:J - Lo O .
  • Page 528 Curve Fit The Fit Region Now, press the following keys to set up the fit region before starting the curve fitter: Displays traces A and in upper!lower format. UPPER LOWER Places the marker at the position you specify (in this case, 1.325 kHz). X VALUE Press 1.325 on the numeric keypad, then press the softkey.
  • Page 529 Curve Fit The Fit Region Notice that the curve fit results are synthesized only over the fit region. The trace outside is at - 780 dB (0.0 linear magnitude). The important point here is that the curve fitter did not find the same model as was in the synthesis table.
  • Page 530 CUlve F� The Fit Region It may appear that the curve fitter has given an incorrect answer, but transferring the curve fit table into the synth esis table and re-synthesizing to see the entire response of the curve-fit model demonstrates that the curve fitter provides a good given limited information on the frequency response.
  • Page 531 Curve Fit The Fit Region You should now see the results shown in Figure 16-7. Observe that the traces match at low frequencies. However. the curve fitter did not have sufficient data to know that the response of the input trace was dropping at dB per decade out at higher frequencies.
  • Page 532 Curve Fit The Fit Region Z·Domaln Fit Region When using the z-domain curve fitter, markers may be needed to decrease the fit region to a span that is less than half the curve-fit sample f requency (that is, the sample frequency in the curve-fit table;...
  • Page 533 CUlVe Fit The Fit Region When you have performed the exercise in Chapter you should have the trace shown in figure (you may need to refer to the s-domain pole-zero exercise in chapter if this is your first time 1 6-8 entering a synthesis table).
  • Page 534 Curve Fit The Fit Region Following steps similar to those in "Basic Example: s-Domain Curve Fit," perform the following with X-markers off: CURVE FIT Toggle this key to the z domain (so that Z is highlighted) DOMAIN S Z NUMBER POLES NUMBER ZEROS for both orders (we know that We'll use...
  • Page 535 Curve The Fit Region Now suppose your goal is to come up with a new digital filter operating at 16 kHz, whose frequency response matches trace A up to kHz. A new sample frequency requires a new curve-fit model (running the original H(z) at 16 kHz instead of20 kHz simply scales the frequency response down to 16 kHz).
  • Page 536 Curve The Fit Region the fit would have climbed still higher in order). This illustrates the important concept of no longer having an exact H(z) rational polynomial model when the curve-fit sample frequency is set to some value other than the one used for the measurement. Edit the new z-domain curve-fit model.
  • Page 537 Curve Fit The Fit Region This curve could just has well have been generated from an s-domain synthesis (or measurement). Thus, using the curve fitter to find a digital replacement for an analog filter faces the same difficulties. Finding a stable digital filter which still provides a reasonable match is not hard to do. These two steps provide success in finding a stable model: 1.
  • Page 538 Curve Fit The Fit Region You should now observe the response as shown in Figure 16· 1 1 . 6 . 0 k H z .o. X S Y NTHES I S PO l e Z e r o Y b � 3 . 7 6 9 6 7 1 6 1 �...
  • Page 539 Curve Fit The Fit Region The fit is still reasonable inside the fit region, and most important, the curve fit model is now stable. Edit the curve fit table to check this. You should observe the table shown in figure 16-12. C u r v e F i t P O L E S...
  • Page 540 Curve Fit The Fit Region Curve Fitting to Mixed Measurements In a mixed measurement, where one channel is analog (assuming the analog channel is alias protected with respect to the analog channel's sample rate) and the other digital, the frequency response is part periodic and part non-periodic.

  • Page 541: How Coherence Is Used In Curve Fitting

    Curve Fit How Coherence is Used in Curve Fitting How Coherence is Used i n C urve Fitting Coherence is a function of frequency. Each frequency point in the coherence function is a real value between 0.0 and 1.0. A value of 1.0 implies that noise does not interfere with the measurement at that frequency.

  • Page 542: How Auto Order Defmes A Good Fit

    Curve Fit How Coherence is Used in Curve Fitting How Auto Order Defines a Good Fit To prevent the auto-order algorithm from always searching to the upper bounds, a variance function is used to establish an error tolerance that gives the auto-order algorithm some margin when fitting contaminated data.

  • Page 543: The Weighting Function

    Curve FIT The Weighting Function The Weight i ng Function Like coherence, the weighting function is a real-valued function of frequency which varies between 0.0 and 1.0. The weighting function is used to emphasize important areas of the curve during a curve fit and to de-emphasize areas of high variance.

  • Page 544: Fitting Measurements With Delay

    If these delays are known, they should be entered into the s-domain curve fit table before starting a curve fit. Pure delays cannot be modeled with a finite-order rational polynomial in the s domain. For more information on the effects of excess phase refer to product note "Curve Fitting in the HP 3562A-3, 3562A".

  • Page 545: Fixed Poles And Zeros

    Curve Fixed Poles and Zeros Fixed Poles and Zeros When poles or zeros are fIxed (using the FIX L1NE# key), the curve fItter assumes they are correct and includes them in the next fIt. Any pole or zero manually added to the curve-fit table is also tagged as f IXed.

  • Page 546: Curve Fit Setup Steps

    Curve Fit Curve Fit Setup Steps Curve Fit Setup Steps These steps are the general procedure for curve fitting. The steps do not have to be performed in the order shown. Steps may be repeated as many times as needed to obtain the best fit. Step 1 : Choose the source of the d ata Input data for the curve fitter must be a complex data record.

  • Page 547: Step 3: Select Auto Order Or User Order

    Curve Fit Curve Fit Setup Steps Step 3: Select Auto Order or User Order There are two different modes of curve fitting. Auto order experiments with successively larger orders in search of a good model. User order finds a model with a frequency response as close as is possible with the numerator order and denominator order specified with NUMBER ZEROS NUMBER POLES.

  • Page 548: Step 6: Specify Markers

    Curve Curve Fit Setup Steps Step Sp ecify Markers If you do not want to fit the entire trace, set the markers to limit the range of the curve fit. Set the softkeys (under the X hardkey). A single marker HOLD X LEFT HOLD X RIGHT range with the...

  • Page 549: Step 7: Add Known Poles And Zeros (Optional)

    Curve Fit Curve Fit Setup Steps Step Add known poles and zeros (Optional) Edit the curve-fit table to add known poles or zeros. For example, if a continuous system contains an integrator, add a pole at 0 Hz. Fixed terms are indicated by an arrow. Line numbers must be used explicitly to delete these.
  • Page 550 Curve Fit Curve Fit Setup Steps . � E S P Honn O % O V l D F R E e 3 2 .0 - 3 2 . 0 Portion of Weighting Original Weighting 1 0 k WEIGH to Wei Figure 16-13.

  • Page 551: Step 10: Create The Fit

    Curve Fit Curve Ftt Setup Steps Figure 16-14 shows an example of a weighting function where a valley (caused by a conjugate pair of zeros near the jw axis) is emphasized by the curve fitter. O % O v I P H o n n M : F R E O R E S P...

  • Page 552: Step 11: View And Edit The Curve Fit Table

    Curve F� Curve Fit Setup Steps FRONT BACK To judge the accuracy of a fit, view the display when the fit is complete. Because this superimposes the measured frequency response and the curve fit result, it quickly indicates any differences. Step 1 1 : View and Edit the C urve Fit Table EDIT TABLE, The curve-fit table, displayed by pressing...

  • Page 553: Key Reference

    Curve Fit Key Reference Key Reference All of the softkeys used in setting up and performing a curve fit are accessed with the CURVE FIT hardkey. Figure 16-16 shows the available softkeys, each of which are described in the remainder of this chapter.
  • Page 554 Curve Fit Key Reference CURVE FIT soft keys do the following: Displays another menu that allows you to start or stop a curve fit CREATE CREATE FIT operation. See "The Menu" for details. Selects between the s- and z-domain curve fitters and their associated DOMAIN tables.

  • Page 555: The Create Fit Menu

    Curve Fit Key Reference Selects the results of the last frequency response measurement as the LAST input to the curve fitter. When the curve fit operation begins, trace MEAS changes to display the measured frequency response data. If coherence is available, it is placed in trace Use the A &...

  • Page 556: The Edit Table Menu

    Curve Fit Key Reference The EDIT TABLE Menu EDIT TABLE Each curve fit table displays setup information as well as curve fit results. The softkey allows you to view or edit the active (s- or z-domain) curve-fit table. You can add, delete, f IX or unf lX the poles and zeros in the table.
  • Page 557 Curve F� Key Reference When a pole or zero is fIxed, the curve fitter assumes it is accurate and attempts to find a model which includes the f IXed term. If poles or zeros are known to exist at the origin, f IXing them usually improves the accuracy of the fit.
  • Page 558 Curve Fit Key Reference The TABLE FCTNS Menu softkey displays another menu that allows you to further modify the curve-fit TABLE FCTNS table. The menu displayed is appropriate for selected domain DOMAIN S Z) The following softkeys operate the same for both the s- and z-domains, except as Note noted.
  • Page 559 Before a table is cleared, it can be saved in disc memory; see chapter 1 1, "DisclPlotterIHP-IB Operation". The HP-IB command to clear a table only needs to be sent one time. SAMPLE This softkey is available when the z-domain curve fitter is selected. It is FREQ used to enter the sample frequency for a z-domain curve fit.

  • Page 560: The Fit Fctn Menu

    It also tends to emphasis low frequencies, peaks, and valleys. Selects user order, which causes the H P 3563A to fit with the number of USER ORDER poles and zeros specified by NUMBER POLES and NUMBER ZEROS.
  • Page 561 Curve Fit Key Reference The default values used for the maximum number of poles and zeros is 40. Some of the preliminary curve fit calculations are based on the specified number of poles and zeros. The time necessary to perform these calculations can be reduced by reducing the maximum number of poles and zeros that can be used by the auto·order algorithm.
  • Page 562 F� Curve Key Reference The EDIT WEIGHT Menu The EDIT WEIGHT softkey displays another menu that allows you view, modify and store the cUlVe-fitter's weighting function. The weighting function determines which portions of the trace are fitted with the greatest accuracy. The weighting function varies between where maximum weighting.
  • Page 563 Curve Fit Key Reference WEIGHT Used to define the value of the weighting function inside the region VALUE identified by WEIGHT VALUE. Press WEIGHT VALUE, then enter the weighting constant, a value between 0.0 and 1.0, for the specified over that region.
  • Page 564 Cu rve Fit Key Reference 1 6-58...

  • Page 565: Chapter 17: Synthesis

    SYNTH hardkey. Begin with the first half of this chapter to learn the synthesis features. read, refer to the key reference if you need additional information. Note Synthesis examples and applications are also available in chapter of the H P 3563A Getting Started Guide. 1 7-1...

  • Page 566: Synthesis Overview

    Synthesis Synthesis OvelView Synthesis Overview Synthesis allows you to create a trace based on the transfer function of a system. Synthesis is set up and controlled using softkey menus under the SYNTH hardkey (as shown in figure 17-1). To perform synthesis, you enter parameters from your transfer function into the analyzer's synthesis table.
  • Page 567 Synthesis Synthesis Overview How Analyzer Configuration Affects Synthesis Analyzer configuration affectS the synthesis frequency span and the x-axis data spacing of the synthesis trace. The following sections tell you how analyzer configuration affects synthesis. Determining the Synthesis X-Axis Spacing Synthesis data spacing for the x-axis can be either linear or logarithmic. The linear resolution mode produces linear spacing;...

  • Page 568: Performing The Synthesis

    Synthesis Synthesis Overview Performing the Synthesis After data is entered in a synthesis table, you're ready to perform the synthesis. First, you need to let CREATE TRACE the analyzer know which synthesis table to use. Press to choose a synthesis table. If you are in the s domain, you can choose the s-domain synthesis table, or a combination of both the s-domain and the z-domain tables.

  • Page 569: Converting The Domain Of A Synthesis Table

    (for example, z-domain fitting to an s-domain synthesis). The HP 3563A-l Product Note on z-domain curve fitting discusses this alternate method. This alternate method takes longer to do because you must follow the normal setup procedures for curve fitting;...

  • Page 570: The Synthesis Calculation

    Synthesis The Synthesis C The Synthesis Calculation transfer function is represented in a synthesis table as a list of parameters. The analyzer uses these parameters to create a synthesized trace. You put parameters for H(s) in the s-domain synthesis table; you put parameters for H(z) in the z-domain synthesis table. Later, in "The Synthesis Table", you will learn how to put parameters in a synthesis table.

  • Page 571: Entering A Scale Frequency

    Synthesis The Synthesis Calculation Entering a Scale Frequency Additionally, in the s domain, you can enter a scale frequency. The scale frequency is entered with the SCALE FREQ softkey. It scales the frequency axis (the x-axis) by: sca/efreq where: f Is frequency In Hertz sca/efreq is the scale frequency Thus, if you want the frequency axis to be in radians, enter a scale frequency of 1/(2:n:).

  • Page 572: The Synth Hardkey

    Synthesis The SYNTH Hardkey The SYNTH Hardkey You use the SYNTH hardkey to set up and perform synthesis. Figure 17·1 shows the soft keys available for this hardkey. The remainder of this chapter tells you how to use these softkeys to set up and perform synthesis.

  • Page 573: Creating A Synthesis Trace

    Synthesis Creating a Synthesis Trace Creat i ng a Synthesis Trace Use CREATE TRACE to create a frequency-response curve based on the current synthesis table. Synthesis is performed over the selected measurement frequency-span. With external sampling, the maximum frequency-span is half the measurement sample frequency (Fsl2) if LINES 1 024 is selected (in the WINDOW menu).
  • Page 574 Synthesis Creating a Synthesis Trace The following soft keys appear when you press CREATE TRACE. Use these soft keys to synthesize the models shown in figure 17-2 .. Creates a trace using the s-domain synthesis table. Use this softkey for DOMAIN the H(s) model shown in figure 17-2a.
  • Page 575 Synthesis Creating a Synthesis Trace Places a zero-order hold after a z-domain synthesis table or between the o HOLD z-domain and the s-domain synthesis tables when ON OFF Z & S DOMAIN selected. Zero-order hold produces a (sin x)/x gain/phase frequency plot.

  • Page 576: The Synthesis Table

    t hes The Synthesis Table The Synthesis Table The synthesis table contains data used by the analyzer for the synthesis operation. It contains the pole and zero (or pole/residue or polynomial) locations plus any gain, time delay or scaling frequency parameters.

  • Page 577: Pole-Zero Data

    Synthesis Zero Data Pole-Zero Data To enter pole-zero data in a synthesis table, press POLE ZERO. When you press this softkey, the synthesis table appears for the selected domain. For pole-zero data, the synthesis table is split into two columns: the left side for poles and the right side for zeros. Poles (or zeros) can be either real or complex conjugate pairs.

  • Page 578: Entering Pole-Zero Data: Z-Domain

    H(z) transfer functions are sometimes written in negative exponential powers of z. This is usually done with partial fraction expansion or polynomial ratio expressions. The HP 3563A includes a - Zpower for pole-zero data to provide a complete feature set.
  • Page 579 Synthesis Pole-Zero Data s-Domaln Exercise: Pole-Zero Data This exercise shows you how to enter pole-zero data into the s-domain synthesis table_ It then shows you how to synthesize the data. The transfer function for this exercise is: 1 0 6 ( s 250)(5 500 - j 2000)(s j 2000)
  • Page 580 Synthesis Data Pole-Zero Clearing the Synthesis Table The following steps show you how to clear the s-domain synthesis table. They also show you how to select the pole-zero data format: If a measurement is running, press PAUSE/CONT to stop the measurement. 2.
  • Page 581 Synthesis Pole-Zero Data Entering Pole-Zero Data The following information shows you how to enter pole-zero data in the synthesis table. The information is presented in two columns. Press the keys in the left column to enter the data. Read the brief description in the right column to learn the results of pressing a key. Refer to the softkey descriptions for the "Pole-Zero Editing Soft keys"...
  • Page 582 SynthesIS Pole-Zero Data S y n t h e s i s P O L E S Z E � O S - 2 5 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 - 5 0 0 , 0 2 . 0 k .!: J G a i n ..
  • Page 583 Synthesis Pole-Zero Data Performing the Synthesis You are now ready to synthesize the pole-zero transfer function, H(s). This exercise synthesizes H(s) from 0 Hz to 20 kHz. The easiest way to do this is to use the analyzer's internal sample frequency (which runs at 256 kHz).

  • Page 584: Z-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data

    Synthesis Data Pole-Zero z-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data This exercise shows you how to enter pole-zero data into the z-domain synthesis table. It then shows you how to synthesize the data. The transfer function for this exercise is: H(zl ).2) .1 + Note The following z-domain exercise assumes you have completed the previous s-domain exercise.
  • Page 585 Synthesis Data Pole-Zero S y n t h e s I s Z E R O S P O L E S - 3 D O . O m 1 0 0 . 0 ", ::. ) 2 0 0 . 0 m Go i n ..
  • Page 586 Synthesis Data Pole-Zero Performing the Synthesis The following information shows you how to synthesize H(z) from Hz to kHz, without the effects of a zero-order hold. The procedure for setting the frequency span is identical for both domains (s and z). However, if you have been making digital measurements, you must return the analyzer to the internal sample rate, 256 kHz.
  • Page 587 Synthesis Data Pole-Zero P o l e Z e r o S Y N T H E S I S 3 . 7 5 1.25 IDiv -6.25 Figure 17-6. Example z-Oomain Synthesis Plot: + Zpower Pole-Zero Data Performing the Synthesis With a Zero-Order-Hold To perform the synthesis with the effects of a zero-order hold, toggle HOLD ON OFF to ON Z DOMAIN.
  • Page 588 Synthesis Data Pole-Zero Performing the Synthesis With a - Zpower To perform the synthesis with a - Zpower, return to the top of the synthesis menu (to do this, press SYNTH). Press the highlighted data-format softkey. Then press SYNTH FCTN and toggle Z PWR to - .
  • Page 589 Synthesis Pole-Zero Data Note In - Zpower, the synthesis table is still limited to a maximum of 22 lines. When converting a table that is in + Zpower and has, for example, 12 lines of complex conjugate pole-pairs, and no zeros, changing to - Zpower requires 24 lines of 0.0 entries.

  • Page 590: Polynomial Data

    Synthesis Polynomial Data Polynomial Data To enter polynomial data in a synthesis table, press When you press this softkey, the POLYNOMIAL synthesis table appears for the selected domain. For polynomial data, the synthesis table is split into two columns: the left side for the numerator polynomial and the right side for the denominator polynomial.
  • Page 591 Synthesis Data Polynomial Entering Polynomial Data: +Zpower For + Zpower, express your transfer function in polynomial format using the following formula: n - 1 ) a l z + H(zl b m 1 . . mZ (blZ where: Is the system Gain This formula makes it easy to enter transfer function parameters into the z-domain synthesis table for + Zpower.

  • Page 592: S-Domain Exercise: Polynomial Data

    Synthesis Polynomial Data s-Domain Exercise: Polynomial Data This exercise shows you how to enter polynomial data into the s-domain synthesis table. It then shows you how to synthesize the data. Note This exercise is a continuation of the s-domain, pole-zero exercise. Information presented previously for that exercise is not duplicated here.
  • Page 593 Synthesis Polynomial Data Converting to Polynomial Data If you have not erased the synthesis table you created in "s-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data", you can obtain the table shown in figure 17-8 by simply converting the data in the table to polynomial format.
  • Page 594 Synthesis Polynomial Data Performing the Synthesis You are now ready to synthesize the polynomial transfer function, H(s). This exercise synthesizes H(s) from Hz to kHz. If you are continuing from the pole-zero s-domain exercise, you don't need to set the frequency parameters or the trace coordinates - these should be con figured properly.
  • Page 595 Synthesis Polynomial Data S y n t h e s i s NUME R A T O R DENOM NA T O R 3 0 0 . 0 m 5 0 . 0 m - 2 0 0 . 0 m 1 .
  • Page 596 Synthesis Data mial Entering Polynomial Data If you erased the z-domain synthesis table created in "z-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data", you must reenter the data to perform this exercise. To do this, press the following keys: SYNTH Disregard the warning message: we want to erase the other data format POLYNOMIAL anyway.
  • Page 597 :;ymnesls Polynomial Data S y n t h e s I s DENOM NA T O R N U M E R A T O R 0 . 0 1 . 0 1 . 0 Z · 1 _ Z .1 - Z O O .

  • Page 598: Entering Pole-Residue Data: .-Domain

    Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data To enter partial-fraction (pole-residue) data, press POLE RESIDU. When you press this softkey, the synthesis table appears for the selected domain. For pole-residue data, the synthesis table is split into two columns: the left column for poles; the right column for residues (a residue is another name for the numerator constant) for each pole term in the partial-fraction expansion.

  • Page 599: Entering Pole-Residue Data: Z-Domain

    Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data Entering Pole-Residue Data: z-Domain Zpower To enter pole-residue data into the z-domain synthesis table, you must be aware of parameters. In the z-domain synthesis table, the status line indicates either Zpower or - Zpower. Unlike the s-domain, z-domain H(z) transfer functions in partial-fraction expansion form are often pz - l ).
  • Page 600 Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data Entering Pole-Residue Data: - Zpower For - Zpower, express your transfer function in pole-residue format using the following formula: (1 - P3 Z where: • is the c o njug at K Is the system Gain P Is the pole posttlon A Is the residue (a c o ns ta n t ) �...

  • Page 601: Reconstructing Simple Poles

    Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data Reconstructing Simple Poles To reconstruct the pole-residue equation from the synthesis table, you must associate poles with their residues. Poles and their residues are always on the same line in the synthesis table. Simple poles and residues are easy to reconstruct. The equation for a simple residue over a simple pole is: s - (Simple Pole) where: (residue) is the real residue in the table and its sign (simple pole) Is the real pole and its sign in the table across from its residue...

  • Page 602: Reconstructing Complex Conjugate Pole-Pairs

    Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) D a Reconstructing Complex Conjugate Pole-Pairs For complex conjugate pole-pairs, you must associate poles with their residues to reconstruct the pole-residue equation from the synthesis table. Poles and their residues are always on the same line in the synthesis table.
  • Page 603 Sy n hesis Partial Fraction (Pale-Resi d ue) Data Table 17-1 Reconstructing the First Conjugate Term: Residue Table Enlry Numerator Constant (residue) 1 .0 j 1 .0 ± j -. 5 - .5 1 .0 j 1 .0 ±j - .5 - - .5 ±j - 1 .0 j 1 .0...

  • Page 604: S-Domain Exercise: Pole-Residue Data

    Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data s-Domain Exercise: Pole-Residue Data This exercise shows you how to enter pole-residue data into the s-domain synthesis table. It then shows you how to synthesize the data. This exercise is a continuation of the s-domain, pole-zero and polynomial exercises. Note Information presented previously for these exercises is not duplicated here.
  • Page 605 Fraction Data Partial (Pale-Residue) Converting Pol�Residue Dala If you have not erased the synthesis table you created in the previous s-domain exercises (see "s-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data" or "s-Domain Exercise: Polynomial Data"), you can obtain the table shown in figure 17- 1 1 by simply converting the data to pole-residue.
  • Page 606 Data Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Entering Pole-Residue Data If you erased the s-domain synthesis table created in "s-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data" or in "s-Domain Exercise: Polynomial Data", you must reenter the data to perform this exercise. To reenter data, press the following keys: SYNTH POLE RESIDU Begins entry of a new table in pole-residue form.

  • Page 607: Z-Domain Exercise: Pole-Residue Data

    Data Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Performing the Synthesis You are now ready to synthesize the pole-residue transfer function, H(s). This exercise synthesizes H(s) from 0 Hz to 20 kHz. If you are continuing from the pole-zero or polynomial s-domain exercise, you don't need to set the frequency parameters or the trace coordinates - these should be configured properly .
  • Page 608 Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data S y n t h e s i s P O L E S R E S I O U E S S O D . 2 0 0 . 0 m 1 Q O . O m :!: j O m :: ) G o i n - 1 .
  • Page 609 Synthesis Data Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Entering Pole-Residue Data If you erased the z-domain synthesis table created in the previous z-domain exercises (see "z-Domain Exercise: Pole-Zero Data" or "z-Domain Exercise: Polynomial Data"), you must reenter the data to perform this exercise. To do this, press the following keys: SYNTH Disregard the warning message: we want to erase the other data format POLE RESIDU...
  • Page 610 Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data S y n t h e s i s P O L E S R E S I D U E S 1 0 0 . 0 m :!: J 2 0 0 . 0 m z - o T I m e d e l o y -...
  • Page 611 Synthesis Partial Fraction (Pole-Residue) Data S y n t h e s I s P O L E S R E $ I O U E S • 0 . 0 - 2 . 5 2 0 0 . 0 m - 1 0 D .

  • Page 612: Converting Domains

    Converting Domains Converting Domains The H P 3563A allows you to convert a synthesis table from the s domain to the z domain, and vice-versa. To do this, press followed by CONVRT TO S or CONVRT TO Z (see figure SYNTH 17-1).
  • Page 613 "Key Reference"). Domain Transform Using the Curve Fitter The Bilinear conversion method is affected by frequency warping. The Impuluse Invariance and Step Invariance conversion methods are affected by aliasing. The HP 3563A provides another, more powerful, conversion method which does not suffer from frequency warping or aliasing. This alternate method uses the s-domain or z-domain curve fitter to obtain a fit in the opposite domain (for example, z-domain fitting to an s-domain synthesis).
  • Page 614 Synthesis Converting Domains Impulse Invariance Exercise This exercise shows you how to convert a synthesis table from the s-domain to the z-domain using the Impulse Invariance Transformation. To do this exercise, you need the s-domain synthesis table 1 7-3, used in the data format exercises. The synthesis table can be in any of the three forms: figure 17-8, 17-11.
  • Page 615 Synthesis Converting Domains S y n t h e s I s R E S I O UES P O L E S _ 1 . 3 1 4 6 4 k 9 2 4 . 4 6 Sm 6 5 7 . 3 1 8 ±...
  • Page 616 Synthesis Converting Domains Bilinear Transform Exercise This exercise shows you how to convert a synthesis table from the s-domain to the z-domain using the Bilinear Transform. This exercise is a continuation of the previous "Impulse Invariance Exercise. " Begin by pressing the following keys: Activates trace B.

  • Page 617: Converting From The Z-Domain To The S-Domain

    Z is underlined and highlighted). If the s domain is selected, this softkey reads CONVRT TO Z. There are many z to s conversion methods. They vary in the type of approximation used to relate z to s. The HP 3563A provides the following three methods: •...

  • Page 618: Converting Table Formats

    Synthesis Formats Converting Table Converting Table Formats As mentioned, the data in a synthesis table may be in pole-zero, pole- residue, or polynomial format. softkey allows you to convert from one data format to another. When you CONVRT TABLE press the following softkeys appear: CONVRT TABLE, Converts pole-residue or polynomial data into pole-zero format.

  • Page 619: Transferring Synthesis Tables To Curve-Fit Tables

    Synthesis Transferring Synthesis Tables Curve-Fk Tables Transferring Synthesis Tables to Curve-Fit Tables A Pole-zero synthesis table can be transferred to a curve-fit table_ To do this, you must use the CURVE FIT hardkey; press CURVE FIT, FIT FCTN, SYNTH FIT (see chapter "Curve Fit", for instructioru;)_ To transfer a pole-residue or polynomial synthesis-table to a curve-fit table, first convert the data in the synthesis table to pole-zero format When you do this, all pole-zero terms in...

  • Page 620: Key Reference

    Synthesis Key Reference Key Reference This section contains detailed information for all softkeys available under the SYNTH hardkey. When you press the following softkeys appear: SYNTH, Selects pole/zero synthesis and displays the synthesis table and its POLE editing menu; see "Pole-Zero Data" for details. Or, see "The ZERO Pole-Zero Editing Softkeys"...

  • Page 621: Pole-Zero Editing Softkeys

    Synthesis Key Reference Creates real or complex constants for use in waveform math. Real CREATE values are entered a single number; complex values are entered as CONST (,). ± real, imaginary separated by a comma an example, 6 j3 is entered as 6,3.
  • Page 622 Synthesis Key Reference Selects the line number of the zero you want to edit. EDIT ZERO# does EDIT ZEROH not change the value of the zero, it only selects the zero to be edited. Editing is done with DELETE VALUE, CHANGE VALUE and ADD VALUE.

  • Page 623: Polynomial Editing Softkeys

    Synthesis Key Reference Displays the synthesis functions menu, which is used to enter system SYNTH FCTN gains, time delays and scaling frequencies; see "The Synthesis Functions Menu." twice Press to clear the table. The message "Push Again to Clear" is CLEAR TABLE displayed after the first press to allow you to confirm that the table is to...

  • Page 624: The Synthesis Functions Menu

    Synthesis Key Reference The Synthesis Functions Menu The synthesis functions menu (see figure 17-1) allows you to add system gains, time delays and sampling and scaling frequencies to the synthesis table. It also allows you to track the measurement sample frequency (press MEAS CLOCK) and change the sign of z in z-domain synthesis tables. The values entered are used by the instrument when it creates the trace.
  • Page 625 Synthesis Key Reference This softkey is valid only for the s domain. In the s domain. it allows you SCALE FREQ to enter the scaling frequency. This frequency is multiplied by the values in the table to scale the x-axis up or down in frequency without having to change every value.
  • Page 626 Synthesis Key Reference This soft key is valid only for the z-domain. When this key is active, MEAS CLOCK z-domain synthesis uses the measurement sample frequency (set with FREQ INPUT CONFIG) instead of the sample frequency specified SAMPLE FREQ. with The synthesis is performed over the selected measurement frequency span.
  • Page 627 Synthesis Key Reference GAIN FACTOR: Analog Circuits The following example shows you how to use GAIN FACTOR for an analog circuit. Assume that you want to synthesize a 20 kHz low-pass filter (single pole) that has the following equation: H (s) 20000 The equation shows a pole (in pole-zero format) at - 20 kHz.
  • Page 628 Synthesis Key Reference GAIN FACTOR: Digital Circuits The following example shows you how to use GAIN FACTOR for a digital circuit. Assume that you want to synthesize a low-pass digital filter (single pole) that has the following equation: H(z ) ( z - 0.3 ) The equation shows a pole (in pole-zero format) at 0.3.

  • Page 629: Convert To S Menu

    Synthesis Key Reference Convert to s Menu The convert to s menu lets you convert a synthesis table from the z domain to the s domain. This menu appears when you press SYNTH CONVRT TO S. The CONVRT TO S softkey appears only toggled such that Z is highlighted).
  • Page 630 Key Reference For more information about this transformation, refer to the application note, "Fundamentals of the z-Domain and Mixed AnaloglDigital Measurements", in the HP 3563A Getting SlOrted Guide. Converts the current s-domain synthesis table into the z- domain using IMPULS the Impulse Invariance Transformation.
  • Page 631 Use of the z domain fitter can match gain and phase fairly well up close to the Nyquist rate (one half the sample frequency), but is not guaranteed to give a stable z domain filter design. See chapter Product Note "z-Domain Curve Fitting in the HP HP 3563A-1 , 3563A Analyzer", for further information.

  • Page 632: Convert To Z Menu

    The sample frequency in the z-domain table is used in computing this transformation. For more information about this transformation, refer to the application note, "Funda m entals of the z-Domain and Mixed AnaloglDigital Measurements", in the HP 3563A Getting Started Guide. 1 7-68...
  • Page 633 "Fundamentals of the z-Domain and Mixed AnaloglDigital Measurements", in the HP 3563A Getting Started GuiLie. The Inverse Bilinear, Inverse Step Invariance and Inverse Impulse Invariance Transformations preserve stability by mapping poles inside the unit circle in the z plane into poles in the left-half of the s plane.
  • Page 634 Synthesis Key Reference 1 7-70...

  • Page 635: Introduction

    Con n ector/I ndicator D escriptions Introduction This appendix contains descriptions of all connectors, indicators, and switches on the HP 3563A (see figure A-l for locations). The first section in this appendix describes all connectors, indicators, and switches on the anaJyzer's front panel. The next section describes these for the anaJyzer's rear panel.
  • Page 636 , @.§.@ , � 0 "0 <>--�---<> r== - - � � � � Figure A-1, 3563A Front and Rear View · . · . · . · . POICIOICAU.f Cl.UlI Fll ... , · . · . · .

  • Page 637: Front Panel

    RANGE stays off. For more information see RANGE. UNE (switch) Controls ac power to the When LINE is OFF, all circuits are shut off HP 3563A except the battery backed and circuitry that detects when power is supplied to the power supply.
  • Page 638 Indicates when the HP 3563A is in the HP-lB remote mode. In this mode, the REMOTE (indicator) instrument is under the control of an external controller on the HP-lB. When REMOTE is on, all keys and softkeys (except the key) are disabled. Pressing LOCAL returns front panel...
  • Page 639 Connector/lndicator Descriptions Front Panel X (ind icator) When this LED is on, the knob in the Markers group moves the marker and operates with the softkeys in the X menu. Y (indicator) When this LED is on, the knob in the Markers group moves the marker and operates with the softkeys in the menu.

  • Page 640: Rear Panel

    This section describes the connectors and switches on the analyzer's rear panel (see figure A-2). There are no indicators on the rear panel. The descriptions are arranged in alphabetical order. Connects to large-screen displays, such as the HP B lOB. DISPLAY OUTPUTS X,Y,Z (connectors) EXT SAMPLE...
  • Page 641 ." r--,.-,- -r- -,.-,- -,- -.-.,- -,- -. Figure A-3. The SYNC OUT Signal VOLTAGE SELECTOR (switch) Selects 115 or volt operation. Refer to the HP 3563A Installation Guide for instructions on setting this switch and selecting the proper fuse for each setting.
  • Page 642 Connector/indicator Descriptions Rear Panei A- 8...
  • Page 643 I ntroduction This appendix provides explanations of the error and status messages displayed by the HP 3563A Error messages are displayed when the analyzer detects an operator error. Status messages are displayed during various operations to inform you of the analyzer's status. The first part of this appendix lists the error messages alphabetically with explanations.

  • Page 644: Error Messages

    ON OFF is ON). If the corrective action is not obvious from the displayed message, refer to the descriptions that follow. The number following each message is the error code returned on the HP-IB with the ERR? command. The error message falls into six categories, according to number:...
  • Page 645 (servicing required). If the error message was displayed during recall, power may have been lost while the auto sequence was created or transferred, there may a problem with your HP-IB cabling, or the storage medium may need replacing.
  • Page 646 The table cannot be recovered. To avoid future errors, several things should be checked. Power may have been lost while the table was created or transferred, there may be a problem with your HP-IB cabling, or the storage medium may need replacing.
  • Page 647 To correct the error, reset the plotter first by cycling power. If this does not correct the error, check the HP-m cabling. If this does not work, the plotter is in need of servicing. Bad Primitive Block (1 34) Occurs when a primitive block is loaded into the analyzer and its header is not valid, the amount of data is too long for the block, or the block number is out of range.
  • Page 648 In this case, to avoid future errors, several things should be checked. Power may have been lost during the throughput session, there may be a problem with your HP-IB cabling, or the storage medium may need replacing.
  • Page 649 To avoid this error, use only baseband throughput files for log resolution measurements. Command Too Long (203) Occurs when an HP-IB mnemonic is received that contains more than four alpha characters. To correct this error, review and correct the syntax for the command in question.
  • Page 650 See "Entering Pole-Residue Data: - Zpower" in chapter for additional details. Alpha Delimiter Expected (204) Occurs when an alpha entry is attempted via HP-IB and the command was not terminated by an " " acceptable delimiter (pair of double quote marks (...
  • Page 651 Error And Status Messages Error Messages To avoid the error, set the start frequency to any nonzero value. Destination Too Small (624) Occurs when attempting an image backup where the destination disc or tape is too small to receive the entire data image of the source. To avoid the error, replace the destination with one having at least the same storage capacity as the source.
  • Page 652 Occurs when a disc access is requested and the disc rejected the access. To correct the error, view the disc status display to determine the source of the error. If necessary, refer servicing to qualified personnel. You should also check the HP-m cabling and other devices on the bus.
  • Page 653 Occurs when recalling or deleting a file from disc and the file cannot be found (or recalling locally and no data was saved). To avoid the error, verify spelling of the desired file name and verify that it is an HP 3563A file. Chapter has information on file handling.
  • Page 654 Occurs if special markers are activated with Nichols or Nyquist display. To avoid the error, do not attempt special marker functions on these displays. Line Too Long (202) Occurs if an HP-IB command line with greater than characters is sent to the analyzer. BASIC To correct the error, limit your command lines to characters.
  • Page 655 Error And Status Messages Error Messages No Avg For Demod Hist (1 49) Occurs when attempting to average histogram measurements while in demod. To avoid this error, select AVG OFF No Capture Data (127) Occurs when START is pressed in capture mode or you try to enable the capture pointer or change the capture increment and the capture buffer does not contain any captured data.
  • Page 656 Error And Status Messages Error Messages (154) No Input Trg On Dig Chan CHAN INPUT trigger is not allowed if Channel l is digital. Likewise, CHAN 2 INPUT trigger is not allowed if Channel 2 is digital. No Peak Avg in CORR Meas (101) Occurs when a correlation measurement is selected and peak hold or continuous peak averaging is active.
  • Page 657 Error And t a t us Messages Error Messages No Thrupt File (616) Occurs when attempting a throughput session 0 measurement, when reading the throughput header, or when using the THRUPT TIME 1 and 2 soft keys and the specified active file cannot be found. To correct this error, either specify a valid active file or create a throughput file under the desired name.
  • Page 658 For example, HP-IB you cannot clear an auto sequence without first selecting and displaying it. Not HP-IB Controller (402) Occurs when attempting to copy files or output command strings while the analyzer is in addressable-only mode.
  • Page 659 Not Valid For This Disc (623) Occurs when attempting disc service diagnostics on disc drive command sets not supported by the HP 3563A To avoid this error, use the disc servicing diagnostics only with Hewlett-Packard Command Set/80 and Subset!80 disc drives. Note that some of the SS!80 diagnostics are not implemented.
  • Page 660 Unknown Disc Command Set (610) Occurs when attempting to access a disc drive whose command set is not supported by the HP 3563A Hewlett-Packard Command Set/80, Subset/80, and Amigo command sets are supported. To avoid the error, use only supported disc drives.
  • Page 661 DBAC. Chapter 5 of the HP 3563A Programming Manual explains the steps needed to generate custom displays. View Input Disabled (135) Occurs if you try to view the input signals during a capture or throughput measurement. The input channels are disabled while you are measuring captured data from the time buffer or throughputted da ta from a disc file.
  • Page 662 Occurs when attempting to a To avoid this error, use only discs that are formatted at 256/bytes sector. This is the only sector size compatible with the 3563A (See the "Formatting in chapter 11.) Discs" Select Capture to Recall (619) Occurs when trying to recall a capture file from disc and the analyzer is not in the time capture mode.

  • Page 663: Status Messages

    To accept, press the YES key. To reject, press the N O (0) key (ACPT, REJT from HP-IB). For information on previewing, see chapter ALPHA MODE Displayed while the analyzer is in the alpha input mode. This mode is entered automatically whenever an alphanumeric entry is required (after pressing TRACE TITLE, for example).
  • Page 664 Error And Status Messages Status Messages BINARY When entering data for qualifiers (using the CLOCK QUALFR softkey), you can only enter binary " "X" data (represented as a "0", " 1 [don't careD. CALCULATION IN PROGRESS Displayed while lengthy math calculations are in progress. Chapter 15 has information on waveform math.
  • Page 665 However, if a test failure indication is displayed in either case, the analyzer needs servicing. Refer to the HP 3563A Service Manual for more information. DIGITAL OVER RANGE 1 Channel 1 is digital and it overflowed.
  • Page 666 Displayed while disc is being packed. Chapter 1 1 has information on disc packing. PLOT IN PROGRESS Displayed while a plot is in progress. The plot can be aborted by pressing the ABORT Hp·IB softkey. Chapter 1 1 has information on using a plotter.
  • Page 667 SWEEP POINT READY Displayed when the sweep point ready bit in the instrument status register is set and the analyzer is in the addressable-only mode. Chapter 6 in the HP 3563A Programming Manual shows how to read sweep points via HP-lE.
  • Page 668 Chapter has more information on using disc drives. You should also verify your HP-IB addressing and cabling. WAITING FOR HP-18 Displayed when the analyzer is waiting for a response from a device on the bus. If necessary, verify your addressing and cabling, then try the operation again.
  • Page 669 Menu Dia g ra m s Introduction This appendix provides diagrams of the HP 3563A's softkey menus. Each diagram is a "map" that allows you to view all the softkeys under a particular hardkey. Several menus are variable (they depend on other softkey selections); in these cases, notes are provided to explain the cause of each variance.
  • Page 672 VIEW ASEO lNEI=! . SWEPT LINE ASED � ASEO ASEO cURVE CAN[EL FeTN EOlT RErUn" [ L ABEL ASEOl l hese soltkey names ooy be redefined with ge t nex t 2 RI:!Q.Jires 1-0igil dolo entrv menu lEND (EDIT! EOlll 3 1 his sO"...
  • Page 673 LOG RES TI M E CAPTURE SWEPT SI N E LI N EAR RES NUMBER? AVGS . NUMBER NUMBER? AYGS . AYGS AYGS • I NTGRT? OVRLP% ? OYRLP%) TI M E STABLE STABLE (MEAN) AUTO ? STABLE I N TERT. ( M EAN! ( M EAN! FST AV...
  • Page 675 FI T FI T DOMAIN Z OOMAIN 2 !! Z USER NUMBER S DOMAtN POLES EDIT POLES , TIME NUMBER AUTO ZEROS , VIEW ZEROS WEIGHT WEIGHT DELAY' USER SCALE LI N En . ORDER FREO , MEAS UNFI X CLEAR CLEAR TABLE...
  • Page 680 OlOilol Both oIog� Both Both channels \ED�E B I T S CHAN [ I N TERFACE i s [ F Ra1 SOURCE} Btank if (han i s [ C HAN Chon 1 2 CLOCK] (FROM SOURCE) then sample clock (no option) [ C HAN CLOCK) I C HAN...
  • Page 682 LINEAR RES FREO RESP POWER SPEC CROSS CORR AUTO (ORR HIST Both Channels One Channel Both (hannels One Channel Both Channels One Channel "@D Active Ac live Active Active Adive Active TIM AV OFF TIM AV ON FREO RESP RESP (OHER �' �'...
  • Page 683 .._---' � OISP TIME CAPT SWEPT S"'E U RE MEAS MODE i s: FRE O RES P POWER SPEC FREO RESP POWER SPEC AUTO [ORR One Channel Channels HIST Active Active TlM AV Bolh POWER POWER POWER riM AV ON SPEC (ORR RESP...
  • Page 684 Input Menu One Channel is Active Filtered When (Continued from Figure 3-6) When demodulation is OFF over aging is ON' When demodulation is ON ond previewing is O N � and Channel is AM CHAN � is FORCE EXPQN and Channel 2 1$ PM (HAN 2 '" All other configurations WIMlOW I,·...
  • Page 685 Input When Fillered Menu Both Channels are Active MEAS DISP !Continued from Menu Diagram) When demodulation is OFF ANI] overaging is ON;' When demodulation is 1 is ANO previewing AND Channel AM CHAN 2 '5 WINDOW is FORCE EXPQN AND Channel is PM (HAN All other configurations "...
  • Page 686 LINEAR RES LOG RES SWEPT SINE TIME CAPTURE UN EAR L I NEAR [ill START START CHAN 1 THRUPT CAPTUR SWEPT SINE SWEPT (APTUR SWEPT ABORT SINE SINE SINE THRUPT TIME TIME TIME R E F TIME CAPTUA (APTUR C APTUR FILE LEVEL , CAPTUR...
  • Page 687 DE MOD SELECT DEMOD BOTH AUTO EDIT CRRIER CHAN 1 CHAN 2 CHAN PR VIEW LINEn � � � USER CHAN 1 CRRIER . CH AN CHAN CRRIER DELE T E REGION CHAN 1 CHAN 2 CHAN FREO � CHANGE CHAN 2 DELETE REGION .
  • Page 688 PEN . MARKS TICK LI M I T S LIMITS PEN ..P2 LI N E PLOT TYPE= PRESET HP-I S RETURN IUSER LI N ES) Appears only when selected 2 Aopears only when (DATA ANNOT] selecled Plot Menu Diagram...
  • Page 695 ,,--j SPCL MARKER 3563A Service l1onua{ TEST HHNC CHAN PROTCT S6AND CONFIG �� RAMP CHAN TIME . CONFIG �J S6AND MARKER F L OW POWER BEEPER (ALe POWER ON OFF MENU- SOURCE PROTCT NM BR VISUAL ON OFF HELP Pwr$RQ...
  • Page 696 POLE" § � RESlW ZERO 00"". @:'B6 � VAJ..J. .E ->PQY � § SCALE ro z ON 0f1' VAU" FREO (QN5t . CLEAR TABL E RK)ds ICONVRT IDOMAlN Sll \/hen sele(led rz DOI'1A1NJ (DOMAIN S ZI 2Reods ... hen §. selec1ed IOQMAN 3 1 his Ifl!!flU...
  • Page 699 - -- VIEW INPUT TIME CAPTURE SWEPT SINE LINEAR RES. LOG RES I NPUT I NPUT I NPUT TIME TIME I N PUT THRUPT RECORD TIME TIME TIME TIME I NPUT I NPUT THRUPT I NPUT SPEC SPEC SPEC TIME SPEC INPUT INPUT...
  • Page 703 Antiloge 15-14 A GAIN SELECT 5-4, 5-12 Arbitrary source 3-19 A&B (key) normalizing 3-22 ABORT CAPTUR restrictions 3-20 ABORT HP-IB 11-3 7-42 During disc copy 11-26 ARM AU MAN 7-38 During throughput 11-13, 11-23 ARM hardkey 1-14 In Time throughput...
  • Page 704 Index BITS 8 16 7·24 Auto gain (swept sine) 5·10 AUTO INTGRT Block Diagrams 12-6 5·31 BURST CHIRP Auto math Linear res mode 3·14 introduction to 15·18 · 15·24 Burst chirp signal Labels 15·22 Linear res mode 3·16 15·18 Programming auto math table BURST RANDOM Starting auto math 15·20...
  • Page 705 3-75 Cbannel 2 (connector) Control block (key group) 1-13 Cbannel Clock 7-16. 14-4 Controlling other HP -IB devices 11-38 Channel clocks < D > to Converting V < MV > when active V < MV > pk < D >...
  • Page 706 Index CREA TE THR UPT 9·7 · 9·9, 1 1 ·23 order reduction 16-8 CROSS CORR (MEAS D1SP menu) order, selecting 16-41 3-47 CROSS CORR (SELECT MEAS menu) order, specifying 16·5 3·32, 3-47 cross Correlation overflows, digital 16·18 poles, adding 16-43 Cross correlation display 3-48...
  • Page 707 Index Digital inputs Data paths 7-34 7-23 range Data size 7-24 # of bits menu 7-24 7-36 7-13 performance selecting 16-bit 7-35 auto alignment 7-24 Data size menu 7-24 14-8 bits used Data truncation 12-3 block diagram DATE M, D, Y 7-24 1-13 bus size...
  • Page 708 Index ENABLED (Indicator LED) Display A·3 END EDIT (auto math) Block (key group) 15·20 1·9 END EDIT (Auto sequences) Coordinates 10-4 8-4 · 8·7 Engineering units coordinates and units 2·13 7-45 · 7-46 labels Description 7-46 8·2 UNITS ENGR Format keys 7-45 1·9 UNITS...
  • Page 709 Index 7·38 FREE RUN FREQ F RESP LlNRES 12·9 3·56 Linear res mode F RESP LOGRES 12·9 4·25 Log res mode F RESP SWEPT 12·10 5·24 Swept sine mode Fast averaging FREQ & DAMP 8·29 3·80 Linear res mode 1·8 FREQ bardkey FAULT LOG (disc service only) 11·28, 11·35...
  • Page 710 PAUSE/CaNT Display block 1·9 1·14 PLOT 1·11 Entry block 1·13 PRESET 1·15 Help block 1·8 RANGE 1·14 Hp·IB block 1·13 SA VE/RECALL 1·10 Markers block 1·9 SCALE Measurement block 1·8 SELECT MEAS 1·12 Operators block SELECT TRIG 1·14 Status block...
  • Page 711 8·18 7·5 block diagram Use in relative measurements 8·24 7·7 HOLD Y UPPER configuring 8·23 digital data, configuring HP logo, p lottin g 11-8 7·7 HP·IB floating/grounding abort setup procedures 7·9 11·3 Inputs, setting up 7·1 HP·IB (Connector) HP·IB ADDRES...
  • Page 712 Index LOG X LAST 1 7-25 LAST 1 softkey 13-12 Loge 15-13 16-49 LOOP TO LAST MEAS 10-5, 10-10 Layout, rear panel BITS 13-2 7-24 Leakage 3-66, 6-23 defined With source output signals 3-13 MAG (dB) Least-significant byte (LSB) 13-12, 13-16 MAG (dBm) Lin res mode MAG (LIN)
  • Page 713 Index MEAS MODE Modes Activating Linear res mode A comparison 3·3 Activating Log res mode Linear resolution 3·1, 3·3 Log resolution Activating Swept sine mode 5·3 4.1, 4-6 Activating Time capture mode Overview 6·5 Activating Time throuhput Swept sine 5·1, 5·3 · 5-4 9·12 Time capture For CAPTUR SELECT menu...
  • Page 714 Index TlvsT2 ORBITS PDF I 3·83, 3·86 3-49, 3·51 Linear res mode Linear res mode 8·15 6·22 Scaling Time capture mode PDF 2 With COORD menu 3-49, 3·51 8·9 Linear res mode Orders (Revs) 6·22 8·9 Time capture mode Orders CAL 3·8 Our·of·band excitation, Linear res mode Peak continuous function...
  • Page 716 Index 12-1, 12-11 15-6 Reset SAVED 1 1·13 15-6 RESET softkey SAVED 2 5-26, 5-29 RESLTN Saving & recalling states and traces RESLTN AU FIX 8-32 5-26, 5-29 Loeal memory 10-12 Saving auto sequences to disc Resolution, frequency 3·53 - 3-65 8-28 Linear res mode SBAND INCRMT...
  • Page 717 Index 8-28 12-5 Sideband markers Source protection 8-28 3-29 Side band power Linear res mode 3-15, 8-3 SINGLE Swept sine mode 3-12 SOURCE QUALFR SINGLE CAL 14-5 8-26 SLOPE Source qualifiers 1-10 3-12 Slope (marker function) SOURCE RANGE 7-39 SOURCE RNG 2: digital operation 7-35 - 7-36 SLOPE 13-18...
  • Page 718 Index 1·13 START hardkey Throughput START MA TH 15·20, 15·23 9·12 Act ivat ing Data collection 9·10 · 9·18 11-8 START PLOT 9·7 · 9·9 Opening throughput rues Start points Capture measurements 6·27 Overview 9·16 Throughput measurements 9·20 Selecting throughput channels 9·10 START THRUPT 9·12, 9·17...
  • Page 719 Index Time record length Units 2·13, 8·3, 8·8 · 8·12 Formula for 3-63 available 2·14 How to set 3·56 Combining with coordinates Linear res mode 3-84 Selecting 8·8, 8·10 Time throughput vertical axis 2·15 TIME THRUPT 12·11 UNITS hardkey 1·9 Up/down arrow keys TIMED PAUSE 10·5...
  • Page 720 Index Y·axis scaling 8·15 VOLTS CHAN2 7-45 YES (1) VOLTS PEAK With previewing 3-80 Power spectrum units menu 8·10 · 8·11 VOLTS RMS Linear spectrum units menu 8·10 power spectrum units menu 8·10 ZERO START swept units menu 8·11 Linear res mode 3·57 VOLTS2 2·16, 8·10 ·...
  • Page 721 Hewlett- Packard Sales and Service Offices To obtain Servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office listed in HP Catalog, contact the nearest regional office listed below: In tbe United States In German Federal Republic...

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