Page 1 OPERATING MANUAL Model 3562A Dynamic Signal Analyzer WARNING To prevent potential fire or shock hazard, do not expose equipment to rain or moisture. Manual Part No. 03562·90001 Microfiche Part No. 03562·90201 Manual Copyright ©, 1985 Hewlett-Packard Co. 8600 Soper Hill Rd., Everett, WA 98205-1298 Operating Software Copyright ©, 1985 Hewlett-Packard Co.
Page 2 For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by -hp-. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to -hp- and -hp- shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, B, u yer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to -hp- from another country.
Page 3 PACKARD SAFETY SUMMARY The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of .the instrument. Hewlett�Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.
Page 4 SAFETY SYMBOLS General Definitions of Safety Symbols Used On Equipment or In Manuals. Instruction manual symbol: the product will be marked with this sym· bo! when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect against damage to the instrument. Indicates dangerous voltage (terminals fed from the interior by vol·...
Page 5 HP-IB system controller to plot the display, access disc memories and output command strings. Chapter 1 2 Operating Reference describes each key, soft key , connector and indicator in the HP 3562A.
Page 7 The H P 3562A's Measurement Process Appendix explains the internal operation of the HP 3562A to help you better understand the measurements it makes, The Index shows the location in the manual of all features and topics,...
Page 9 4. The User's Guide at the beginning of this manual set 's the introduction to the H P 3562A; this operating manual assumes you are farniliar with the concepts explained in the User's Guide. Use this manual to learn the complete details of all the analyzer's features.
Page 13 HP 3562A an invaluable tool for the test, analysis and desig n of dc-to-100 kHz electronic, electra-mechanical and mechanical systems. This Product N ote is an operator's i ntroduction to the HP 3562A Dynamic Sig nal Analyzer. As an i ntroduction. this note will explai n the basic concepts and operation of the analyzer: detailed explanations are left to the HP 3562A Operating Manual.
Page 15: Table Of Contents
T he Swept Sine Preset Measurement Narrowband Linear Sweep Chapter 5: Spectrum Analysis with Demodulation Sp ec t r um Analysis with the HP 3562A Saseband Analysis and Harmonic Markers Zoom Analysis and Side band Markers Chapter 6: Waveform Analysis with Time Capture...
Page 16 "" .0"."",01(. ACTIVE rFlACe SELECT DATA -"..., . . . O�' • .•. & •••••• r-'--FORMAT DEFINE TRACE HP 3562A Front View '" '" '" '" '" ® ® CLEAN fiLTER FOR '-IAXIMUM RELIABILITY PERIOCICALl CAUTION" ,-DISPLAY OUTPUT • ®...
Page 17: Chapter 1: General Operation
General Measurement Sequence Introduction Basic operation of the HP 3562A is performed through logically grouped front panel keys and a group of eight softkeys located to the right of the display. The front panel keys are g rouped by function and can per form one of three operations: enable a direct action such as starting a measurement, enter data, or display a soft key menu.
Page 18 The built·in automation capability of the HP 3562A, Auto Sequence program ming, is accessed through the AUTO SEQ key. Up five separate programs one time. can be stored the analyzer at A program can be started manually or at a user-selected time...
Page 19: Hp-Is
Help The Help key provides instant display of the HP 3562A. When used as assistance to the user on the a prefix for any key or soft key, the Help key will display a detailed description of the selected key or soft key.
Page 20 General Measurement Sequence The power of the HP 3562A makes it a very versatile yet easy to use network, spec tru m and waveform analyzer. Fu l l span (100 kHz) frequency response, spectru m and waveform measurements can be obtai ned qu ickly usi ng the general seq uence cedure to suit their particular application.
Page 21: Linear Resolution In The Hp 3562A
Hewlett-Packard Application Note 243, "Funda mentals of Dynamic Signal Analysis" Common applications of dual-channel F F T analyzers such as the HP 3562A include frequency response measurements of electronic networks and mechanical struc tures. Both of these applications can benefit from the measurement speed, resolution and versatility found in high-performance Dynamic Signal Analyzers.
Page 22 • 5. Connect D.U.T. Connect the device under test as shown in Diagram 2-1. This configuration is for high impedance networks due to the 50 output impedance of the signal source. I n put Cou pling If it is necessary to change the input coupling or grounding (summarized in the set up state table), press the I N PUT COUPLE key to activate the required menu.
Page 23 Save Trace Select the SAVE DATA # softkey, then the number followed by ENTER softkey If you have a disc drive with your HP [Data register not have battery backup.} 3562A r to Chapter for details regarding measurement storage on disc...
Page 24: Chapter Frequency Response Measurements With Logarithmic Resolution 1
. Logarithmic Resolution in the H P 3562A The Log Resolution mode in the HP 3562A provides 80-point-per-decade resolution over one to five integer decades. Available start and stop frequencies and combina tions thereof are shown in Table 3-1. Frequency response magnitude and phase can be measured using stationary (i.e., non-transient) stimuli such as random noise or...
Page 25 The Log Resol ution Preset Measurement the case in the Linear Resolution mode, a full span frequency response meas u rement is the preset condition. Select Mode Press the M EAS MODE key and s LOG R ES softkey Preset Press the green PR ESET key to select the...
Page 26 Single Decade Measu rement As mentioned previously, measurement spans of to 5 decades can be selected in decade Log Resolution mode. demonstrate entry of frequency parameters, a measurement will performed with the crystal resonator. Set New Span Press the FREQ key to activate the fre quency selection menu.
Page 27: Chapter Frequency Response Measurements With Swept Sine
The HP 3562A com bines al l of these capabilities i nto a single product. The HP 3562A Swept Sine Mode When the Swept S in e measurement mode is activated , the HP 3562A is reconfig ured as a full-fu nction dc-to-100 kHz frequency response analyzer.
Page 28 The HP typical testing technique involves the use of wideband logarithmic sweep measure 3562A preset Swept Sine measurement is a good starting point a 100 Hz-to-100 kHz log sweep frequency response.
Page 29 Narrowband Linear Sweep The wideband log sweep frequency response may disclose resonances or other interesting characteristics that demand a more detailed measurement. high resolu tion narrowband linear sweep is a good solution. To set up this measurement Linear Sweep M EAS MODE L I N EAR SW EEP Press the key, then select the...
Page 30: Chapter 5: Spectrum Analysis With Demodulation
HP 3562A a powerful s pectrum analyzer. Sig nals can be monitored on either or both i n put channels with baseband or zoom analysis. A full...
Page 31 5. Harmonic Marker SPCL MARKER Press the (special marker) key Select the -9 . HMNC ON (harmonic on) softkey to activate the harmonic mark F l a t ers and the associated softkey menu. Twen ty harmonic markers are displayed as shown in Figure 5-3. Set Fu ndamental F NOMTL FREQ Select the...
Page 32 5-6; the set u p state for this zoom measurement is shown i n Figure 5-7, The following procedure i s a demonstration of demodulation of this sig nal with the 3562A. turn Press the M EAS MODE key...
Page 33: Waveform Recording With The Hp 3562A
, dig itized and stored for l ater analysis. Consequently, many Dynamic Sig nal Analyzers such as the HP 3562A provide waveform recording capabil ities as an extension of thei r frequency domai n analysIs fu nctions.
Page 34 The Time Capture Preset Measu rement s i g To become fam i l i ar with the operat i on of Time Capture, a good starting point is analysIs a non-transient capture and al such as the human voice: Press the MEAS MODE key, then select the TIME CAPTUR softkey.
Page 35 Frequency Domain Analysis Captu red time waveforms can also be analyzed in the freq uency domain with Li near Resolution power spectru m , auto correlation and h i stog ram measurements. M eas u rement configu ration for i n put from the captu re buffer proceeds as it would for data on either i n put channel : ture buffer.
Page 36: Chapter Data Collection With Time Throughput
Th roug h d i rect control of external H P- I B disc d rives and the Ti me Through put capability. data through put can be i mplemented with the HP 3562A and an HP disc d rive. Each time through put i s called a " session " : a session i s stored i n a file (named by the user) on a disc for later recal l .
Page 37 Setting Up the Session M easu rement set up proceeds as descri bed in C hapters and 3: Li n ear Resolution and Log Resolution measu rements can be used with Time Throug h put. For this example the Time Through put preset measurement will be used. Press the green PRESET key In the pre...
Page 38: Measurements With Throughput Data
Measu rements with Throughput Data For recall and analysis of the t h roug h put data, set up measu rement parameters same manner descri bed in Chapters 2 or (with the exception of the source, i n put cou pling and i n put range-these steps were performed when the throug h put session was set u p) .
Page 39: Chapter 8: Block-Operation Waveform Math
Press the green PRESET key, then select the P SPEC Ll N RES (power spectrum) softkey Special Preset Connect the HP 3562A SOURCE output BNC to the Channel 1 input BNG Conn ect Source Press the SOURCE key, then the selecl SOURCE LEVEL softkey...
Page 40 IIlput calibration fea ture. A n label for current can also be entered for the display For details, please refer to Chapter of the HP 3562A Operating Manual. To compute and display the fast-Fourier transform of the time 1 0 . Display FFT record.
Page 41 3 . Store Cal Trace Store the calibration measurement in one of the two internal storage registers or in an external disc drive (see Chapter 12; the calibration measurements are stored on disc, time can be saved by recalling the needed calibration trace and then storing it one of the internal registers).
Page 42: Chapter Laplace Domain Analysis With Curve Fitting
40 zeroes can be extracted from a measu rement with the HP 3562A C u rve Fitter. You can s pecify the order of the system or let the fitter find it automatically (fastest results are obtai ned if you p rovide an a p proxi m ation of the sys...
Page 43 Using the Cu rve Fitter This example u ses the zoom measu rement from Chapter 2, the crystal filter, to dem onstrate the cu rve fitting process. The frequency response measu rement should be d isplayed i n trace A and the coherence fu nction trace B .
Page 44: C Reating A Synthesis Table
, the system , or bot h . T h e Frequency Response Synthesis ca p abi l ity i n the H P 3562A makes it p ossi ble to create a system model i n the same device which will be used to test the actual system .
Page 45 To enter the system gain (10), select the SYNTH FCTN Enter Gain Factor (synthesis functions) softkey Select the GAIN FACTOR softkey and enter the value 1 0 Select the RETURN softkey to return to the editing menu. Select the edit menu RETURN softkey to return to the main 6.
Page 46: Chapter 1 1 : Automation With Auto Sequence Programming
I n the H P 3562A , the Auto Seq uence program m i ng capabil ity lets you create as microproce sors many as five separate key seq uence programs for the automation of measurements, analysis computations, plotting and mass storage.
Page 47 Creating and R u n n i ng an Auto Sequence Program The Auto Seq u e nce editor shou ld sti l l be active from the p revio u s section. Keystrokes can now be entered d i rectly i nto the Auto Sequence prog ram Press the COORD key followed by the MAG (Ll N) softkey 1.
Page 48 Editing an Auto Sequence Program To make the demo more i nteresting, the timed pauses will be lengthened and the program will be put i nto a loop: Press the AUTO SEQ key Select the SELECT ASEQ #, then press 1 TRACE DEMO program will be displayed with the last line 1 .
Page 49 " OFF" position. N ext, con nect the Hewlett-Packard G raphics Language (H P-G L) com p ati ble digital p lotter to the H P 3562A rear panel H P- I B con nector with an i nter...
Page 50 As an enhancement to test i n g , the H P 3562A can perform plotti ng operations while a measurement i s u nderway (this capability is known as " plot on the fly " ) . For addi...
Page 51 To i n itialize the d isc via the H P 3562A Press the DISC key on the front panel of the HP 3562A . Activate Menu Select the DISC FCTN (disc functions) softkey, then the FORMAT...
Page 52 Auto Sequence Programs Select Auto Sequence Press the AUTO SEa key Select the SELECT AS Ea # softkey, then press the appropriate number (1 through 5) on the keypad followed by the VIEW softkey (this will display the program listing). Follow steps 2 and 3 above. Auto Math Programs Press the AUTO MATH key Select the VIEW MATH softkey 1.
Page 55 RESOLUTION MODE PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER The purpose of this chapter is to show you the details of using the HP 3562A's linear resolution mode. Please refer to the User's Guide at the beginning of this manual for an introductory description of the mode and a discussion of its uses.
Page 56 _ . . _J"" - - " ' ;:'- " . - -. . ,-�. , .---,� •. -" .• ,-�- SELECTING LINEAR RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS SELECTING LINEAR RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS To select measurements in the linear resolution mode, press SELECT MEAS to display the following menu: Selects the frequency response measurement.
Page 57 1-Uslng Mode Linear Hesolution THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT T H E FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The frequency response measurement, often called the "transfer function," is the ratio of a system's output to its input and yields both gain and phase as a function of frequency. (The phase response can be viewed by pressing PHASE in the COORD menu.
Page 58 ..1 1d.fJlt:1 I-U:::' 1 I 1 H lilt: LII It:d.1 THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Frequency Response Display Frequency response in the H P is calculated as the ratio of the cross spectrum to the 3562A Channel power spectrum: where: is the cross spectrum...
Page 59 c;napter l-usmg me Lmear Hesolutlon Mode THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Coherence Display Coherence shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the Input spectrum, according to the following formula: where: is the cross spectrum G,,' is the cross spectrum's complex conjugate G"...
Page 60 ..' , ..1-" """ ... . " ''::;1 , ,'-' ..V' ..,V', H ! ..... " " ..' ..' THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Power Spectrum Displays These displays show the power spectrum of the input signal.
Page 61 Chapter I-Using the Linear Resolution Mode THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Impulse Response Display This display is the inverse FFT of frequency response; i t shows response as a function of time: h(t) F'[H(f)] where: H(f) is the frequency response It is useful for studying transient behavior and measuring time delay.
Page 62 Chapter i-Using the Linear Resolution Mode THE POWER SPECTRUM MEASURMENT THE POWER SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT The power spectrum measurement shows the input signal in the frequency domain. It is computed by multiplying the of the signal by its complex conjugate: G x x �...
Page 63 THE POWER SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT The Power Spectrum Display The power spectrum display is selected by pressing MEAS DISP, followed by the POWER SPEC1 or POWER SPEC2 softkeys. Figure 1·5 shows an example of the power spectrum measurement and display. X�50 �y�a5.
Page 64 The auto correlation measurement indicates periodicity in time domain signals. It multiplies the signal by a progressively time-shifted version of itself; this emphasizes periodic parts of the signal and de-emphasizes non-periodic parts. In the HP 3562A it is computed using the inverse FFT of the power spectrum:...
Page 65 THE AUTO CORRELATION MEASUREMENT The Auto Correlation Display Figure 1-6 shows an example of the auto correlation display. To select this display, press MEAS DISP, followed by the AUTO CORR1 or AUTO CORR2 softkeys. View Input Display -- -- -- Sine Wave Imbedded i n Fluctuating Random Noise...
Page 66 Channel 1 and the signal on Channel 2. It multiplies the Channel 1 signal by a pregressively time-shifted version of the Channel 2 signal; this emphasizes similarities between the two while de-emphasizing differences. In the H P 3562A it is computed as the inverse FFT of the cross spectrum:...
Page 67 Chapter 1-Using the Linear Resolution Mode THE CROSS CORRELATION MEASUREMENT The Cross Correlation Display Figure 1-7 shows an example of the cross correlation display. To select this display. press MEAS DISP, followed by the CROSS CORR softkey. Measurement Display Selection Time Record Figure 1-7 The Cross Correlation Display...
Page 68 Chapter 1-Using the Linear Resolution Mode THE HISTOGRAM MEASUREMENT THE HISTOGRAM MEASUREMENT The histogram measurement shows how the amplitude of the input signal is distributed between its maximum and minimum values. Some of its uses are determining the statistical properties of noise and monitoring the performance of electromechanical positioning systems. Note that the number of averages for a histogram determines how many records are meas...
Page 69 cnapterl-uslng tne LInear Hesolution Mode THE HISTOGRAM MEASUREMENT The Histogram Display Figure 1-8 shows an example of tho histogram display. To select this display, press MEAS DISP followed by the H IST1 or HIST2 softkeys. 10Av O"OVI !Div -- - Number of Counts 0 .
Page 70 THE HISTOGRAM MEASUREMENT The Probability Density Function (PDF) The probability density function, computed by normalizing the histogram, is a statistical meas ure of the probability that a specific level occurred, To select this display, press MEAS DISP, followed by the PDF1 or PDF2 softkeys, The PDF is normalized by multiplying the number of averages by 2048 (the number of points in the time record;...
Page 71 Chapter I-Using the Linear Resolution Mode FIL TERED INPUT DISPLA YS FILTERED INPUT DISPLAYS The filtered input menu provides both time and frequency domain displays of the input signals after they have been digitized and filtered to the current frequency span. Appendix E explains how these displays are derived and how they differ from measurement and view input displays.
Page 72 - " -1" '-" - - " " ' - _ . . __ . •. - FILTERED INPUT DISPLA YS The Time Record Displays The "time record" is the amount of time domain data required to perform one FFT. The "time record length"...
Page 73 v[H:tf,m.:H I-Uti!!!y lIle L!! ted! netiUIUllUft lVluue FIL TERED INPUT DISPLA YS The Orbits Diagram The orbits diagram, often referred to as a lissajous pattern, compares the two input time waveforms, Channel 1 versus Channel 2. One of its uses is detecting asymmetries in rotating machinery.
Page 74 FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE FREQUENCY SPANS I N THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE The HP 3562A's frequency span in the linear resolution can be set from mHz to kHz. 10.2 Frequency spans in this mode are predefined; if a value other than one of these is entered for the span, the analyzer selects the next higher available value.
Page 75 H6S0lunon lVIooe vflC1(JltH I-Vt:iHlY me LJrleClr FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE Table 1·1 Resolution Record Length Availability Span 1 , 0 kHz 1 ,25 Hz 800ms both 1 .25 kHz 640ms both 1 ,5625 Hz 1 ,5625 kHz 1 , 9531 Hz 5 1 2 ms both...
Page 76 100 to 200 Hz, you can press FREO SPAN followed by 100 , 200 Hz. Frequency Span versus Time Record Length The HP 3562A allows you to set either the frequency span or the time record length in a measurement. The two are related by this formula: time record "'f (in Hz)
Page 77 Use the Orders (Revs) softkey in the UNITS menu to select orders for the horizontal axis. Note that the H P 3562A's anti-aliasing protection, which is complete at the 256 kHz sampling frequency, decreases as you decrease the sampling frequency. To avoid aliasing problems,...
Page 78 THE SOURCE OUTPUT IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE The source is used to stimulate devices under test. The H P 3562A offers five source outputs in the linear resolution mode: random noise, burst random, periodic chirp, burst chirp, and fixed �...
Page 79 For a general discussion of stimulus signals, leakage and windowing, please refer to Hewlett-Packard Application Note 243. Contact your HP Sales Representative to obtain a copy, Random noise supplies true random noise at the selected level across the selected frequency span, Random noise is often used to obtain a fast, linear estimate of a system's frequency response at the current operating point.
Page 80 Switching source types or changing the output level can potentially damage devices under test. To help you avoid this, the HP 3562A offers source protection. Protection causes the source to ramp from its current level to the desired level, rather than changing instantaneously.
Page 81 Hewlett,Packard Application Note 243 from your H P Sales Representative. The HP 3562A offers six windows: Hann, flat top, uniform, force, exponential, and user, defined. These windows are described after the following discussion of the windowing menu.
Page 82 ::stLI:.I.J I INl1i VVINUUVV;:' The Hann Window The Hann window attenuates the input signal at both ends of the time record, which forces the signal to appear periodic. The disadvantage of the Hann window is some amplitude inac· curacy for sinusoidal signals (up to - 1.5 dB), as compared to the flat top window. Its advan· tage is greater frequency resolution.
Page 83 Chapter I-Using the Linear Resolution Mode SELECTINGWINDOWS The Uniform Window The uniform window has a rectangular shape that weights all parts of the time record equally. Because it does not force the signal to appear periodic in the time record, it is normally used only with functions that are self-windowing, such as transients and bursts.
Page 84 l"napter l-U8lng me Linear HeSOIUIIon IVloae SELECTING WINDOWS The Exponential Window The exponential window attenuates the input signal at a decaying exponential rate determined by the time constant you entered after pressing EXPON CHAN 1 or EXPON CHAN 2. The general shape olthe exponential window is shown in figure 1·17.
Page 85 X marker and the DIV math function. Viewing Windowed Data The H P 3562A allows you to view the effects of the force and exponential windows on time records. To do this, select either of these windows, select an averaging type then activate previewing (in the AVG menu).
Page 86 "'" , ../'"" , .." .:::1 .." ..,' , .., , ..v .., ... " 0.',",,,",,,", AVERAGING IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE AVERAGING IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE Averaging improves the measurement and analysis of signals that are purely random or mixed random and periodic.
Page 87 V l l atJlo;:,:;l !-U;,;)III!;J lito;:,:; 1-11 to;:,:;c:U nC;';)VIUlIUI I IVIVUO AVERAGING IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE If a non-averaged measurement is in progress, selecting an averaging type starts the measure ment Pressing NEXT displays the next level of the menu: OVLRP% Allows you to set the overlap percentage from 0 to 90%, using the Entry group, The default is 0%,...
Page 88 AVERAGING IN THE LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE Why Four Averaging Functions? Stable averaging weights old and new data records equally to yield the arithmetic mean for the number of averages selected. It displays the result of each intermediate average (if fast averaging i s all) and stops the measurement after the selected number of averages have been calculated.
Page 89 Linear versus Power Spectrum Quantity Averaging 3562A offers both linear and power spectrum quantity averaging processes for stable and exponential averaging. For linear averaging (TM AVG ON), the averaged quantity is the time record. For power spectrum quantity averaging (TM AVG OFF), the averaged quantity is the power spectrum, frequency response or correlation, depending on the measurement.
Page 90 Application Note 243. Copies can be obtained from your H P Sales Representative. The H P 3562A allows overlap processing from 0 to 90% ofthe time record. The default at power-on and after reset is O%. Overlap processing is applicable only to free run triggering (see "Setting Up Triggering"...
Page 91 Fast Averaging Fast averaging causes the HP 3562A to measure and average as fast as possible without stopping to update the display every time an intermediate average is calculated. The dispay is not updated u ntil the specified number of averages have been calculated. The message "Fast Averaging"...
Page 92 VI ICltJU::; 1 �-V;:>I! I � IC .." ICU' , ,, ,,, -,> v, ..,V" .v'v ..VIEWING THE INPUT SIGNALS VIEWING THE INPUT SIGNALS The VIEW INPUT key allows you to look at the input signals before they are filtered or meas ured.
Page 93 I-II II:;CU IV1VUt: vl lCl.!-,It:1 I-U;:'I Y li lt:: nt:;:'VIUliVII MEASUREMENT seTUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps to set u p linear resolution measurements: 1 . Select linear resolution mode: press MEAS MODE followed by LINEAR RES. (page 1-1) 2. Select measurement and active channel(s): use the SELECT MEAS menu. Displays can also be selected now in the MEAS OISP menu.
Page 95 PURPOSE O F THIS CHAPTER The purpose of this chapter is to show you the details of using the HP 3562A's log resolution mode. For an introductory discussion of the uses of this mode, please refer to the User's Guide at the beginning of this manual.
Page 96 To understand how the HP 3562A measures with log resolution, start with a one-decade example, at the 10 Hz to 100 Hz span. The analyzer's first step is to make an 801-point linear resolution measurement from 0 to 100 Hz.
Page 97 � � HOW LOG RESOLUTION IS MEASURED In a 3-decade measurement, for example, the first decade is measured on one side, and the second and third decades are measured on the other side. (This description applies to a single input channel; it is repeated on the other input channel if both Channel 1 and Channel 2 are active.) I t i s possible to measure more than one of the higher decades in parallel with the lowest decade because the lowest.
Page 98 SELECTING LOG RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS SElECTING LOG RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS To select measurements in the log resolution mode, press SELECT MEAS to display the following softkey menu: FREQ Selects the frequency response measurement. RESP POWER Selects the power spectrum measurement. SPEC _ _ ,,_ Activates both channels, ACTIVE CH 1...
Page 99 (The phase response can be viewed by pressing PHASE in the COORD menu.) In the H P 3562A, the signal on Channel 1 is assumed to be the system's input, and signal on Channel 2 is assumed to be its output. To select the frequency response measurement, press SELECT MEAS followed by the FREO RESP softkey.
Page 100 Chapter L-usm9 the Log Hesolutlon MOde THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Frequency Response Display Frequency response in the P 3562A is calculated as the ratio of the cross spectrum to the Channel 1 power spectrum: � !':L H (t) G x x...
Page 101 Chapter 2-Using the Log Resolution Mode THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Coherence Display Coherence shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the input spectrum, according to the following formula: where: is the cross spectrum is its complex conjugate G"...
Page 102 '-"" ..1-', .., ...." '� .. , ..... � . , .... , .." "" , , , . , ....THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Power Spectrum Display This display shows the power spectrum of the input signal.
Page 103 vl ltl.fJlt:f1 L-UtHl Iy It: LUy nt;:::;uIUUUJ I IVluue THE FREQUENCY RESONSE MEASUREMENT THE POWER SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT The power spectrum measurement shows the input signal in the frequency domain. It is computed by multiplying the FFT of the signal by its complex conjugate: where: F, is the linear spectrum is its complex conjugate This measurement is provided in addition to the frequency response measurement because...
Page 104 THE POWER SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT The Power Spectrum Display The power spectrum display is selected by pressing MEAS DISP, followed by the POWER SPEC1 or POWER SPEC2 softkeys. Figure 2-6 shows an example of the power spectrum measurement and display. �: : . dB(V2rms) The Power Spectrum Display Figure 2-6...
Page 105 <::: :: - usmg me L,:napter LOg HeSO!Ulion !VlOde FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE kHz. The log resolution mode offers 50 frequency spans covering the range 010.1 to 100 The width of the frequency span is entered as an integer number of decades from one to five. The span's location in the frequency spectrum is determined by the start and stop frequencies.
Page 106 FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE Frequency Spans in the Log Resolution Mode Table Span (in decades) Start Stop Frequencies Frequencies 1 kHz 1 0 kHz 1 Hz 10 Hz 1 00 Hz 0.1 Hz 2 kHz 20 kHz 2 Hz 20 Hz 200 Hz...
Page 107 (in the A Va menu) and select the single display format (the SINGLE key). The message "Real Time" is displayed althe end of the measurement if there were ne gaps in the data. NOTE The HP 3562A double-buffers the input signals, so 1- and 2-average measurements are always in real time. 2-13...
Page 108 THE SOURCE OUTPUT IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE THE SOURCE OUTPUT IN THE lOG RESOLUTION MODE The source is used to stimulate devices under test. The HP offers two source outputs 3562A in the log resolution mode: random noise and fixed sine. Because the noise source is band...
Page 109 Switching source types or changing the output level can potentially damage devices u nder test. To help you avoid this, the H P 3562A offers source protection. Protection causes the source to ramp from its current level to the desired level, rather than changing instantaneously.
Page 110 Chapter 2-Using the Log Resolution Mode AVERAGING IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE AVERAGING IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE Averaging improves the measurement and analysis of signals that are purely random or mixed random and periodic. Both stable (often called rms) and exponential averaging are available in the log resolution mode.
Page 111 - " -', ' - - - - - - - - � •. . - - - ;;J ' . _ - _ . _ • . - AVERAGING IN THE LOG RESOLUTION MODE Measurements with Averaging When averaging is off (the AVG OFF softkey is active), the analyzer makes continual measure ments with one average, erasing the previous display, The overlap processing achieves the greatest possible overlap percentage, regardless of the percentage you may have entered, Overload rejection is ignored when averaging is off,...
Page 112 The H P 3562A allows overlap processing from 0 to 90% of the time record. The default at power-on and after presetting is 0%. In the log resolution mode, overlap processing applies only to the lowest decade in multiple-decade measurements.
Page 113 Fast Averaging Fast averaging causes the 3562A to measure and average as fast as possibie without stopping to update the display every time an intermediate average is calculated. The display not updated until the specified number of averages have been calculated; the message "Fast Averaging"...
Page 114 V I � W l l l y 1 I 1 � I I l fJ U l ,:> I \J " c:U ::5 VIEWING THE INPUT SIGNALS The VIEW INPUT key allows you to look at the input signals before they are filtered or meas ured.
Page 115 vnapIer t:: - usmg me LOg H.eSOlunon IVlooe MEASUREMENT SETUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps to set u p log resolution measurements: 1. Select log resolution mode: press MEAS MODE followed by LOG RES. (page 2-1) 2. Select measurement and active channel(s): use the SELECT MEAS menu. Dis plays can also be selected now in the MEAS DISP menu.
Page 116 SWEPT SINE MODE PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER This chapter shows you the details of using the HP 3562A's swept sine mode. In this mode, the analyzer outputs a sine wave which is stepped across the frequency span. You can set the number of steps, or measurement peints, by specifying the sweep resolution.
Page 117 vllct!..J l t:1 I � lilt.:: QVVt:fJl QIlIt: lVIUUt: 0-V;:'1[ SETTING UP THE SWEPT SINE RECEIVER SETTING UP THE SWEPT SINE RECEIVER The swept sine receiver measures the output of the system under test and compares it to the Input applied by the source. To set up the receiver, press SWEPT SINE in the MEAS MODE menu.
Page 118 SETTING UP THE SWEPT SINE RECEIVER Auto Gain CAUTION The HP 3562A 's auto gain feature is designed to exclude dis torted data from the measurement. Because it sweeps past each point before determining whether the source level is appropriate, it may not protect the system under test from damage caused by excessive signal levels.
Page 119 MEAS MODE The Reference Channel When auto gain is active, the H P 3562A adjusts the level of the swept sine source output to maintain the specified reference level (entered with REF LEVEL). 8y selecting Channel 1 as the reference, a constant input signal level can be maintained to the system under test.
Page 120 FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE SWEPT SINE MODE The H P 3562A's frequency span in the swept sine mode ranges from 64 !"Hz to 100 kHz, Unlike the other three measurement modes, there are no preset spans in swept sine, Pressing...
Page 121 \...I l ltlfJlt::f 1 0-U;:)UIY It::f vVVtltJl vI! It' lVIUUt' FREQUENCY SPANS IN THE SWEPT SINE MODE Sweep Rates and Resolution The sweep rate determines the speed at which the measurement sweeps across the given frequency span. The resolution defines the distance between measurement points in the fre quency domain.
Page 122 Auto Resolution Auto resolution, selected by pressing RESLTN AU FIX to AU, causes the 3562A to increase the resolution during rapidly changing portions of the measurement. This reduces the possibility of skipping over a narrow resonance, for example, without slowing the overall meas...
Page 123 vl ldfJl�1 ";)-U;:)U I!:::I lIl� QVYt!:fJl QIIII;": IVIVUt:: SETTING UP THE SWEPT SINE SOURCE SETTING U P THE SWEPT SINE SOURCE The source menu controls the level and direction of the sweep. Any of the source parameters may be changed while the sweep is in progress. You can change the sweep rate or direction, put the sweep on hold, or use manual sweep without degrading the quality of the measure...
Page 124 Switching source types or changing the output level can potentially damage devices under test To help you avoid this, the HP 3562A offers source protection. Protection causes the source to ramp from its current level to the desired level, rather than changing instantaneously.
Page 125 AVERAGING IN THE SWEPT SINE MODE AVERAGING AND INTEGRATION I N THE SWEPT SINE MODE The HP 3562A allows you to control both the integration time and the number of averages per point Pressing AVG displays the following menu: NUMBER...
Page 126 Setting the Integration Time Integration time is the amount of time that each point is measured. Because the 3562A uses Fourier integration to transform time data to the frequency domain, increasing integration time effectively narrows the bandwidth at each measurement point. The result is greater har...
Page 127 USING THE AUTOMATIC SWEPT SINE FEATURES This chapter has discussed three of the automatic swept sine features: gain, integration and resolution, In addition, the H P 3562A's autoranging feature operates differently in the swept sine mode, as shown in figure 3-5,...
Page 128 " transfer function," This is the ratio of a system's output spectrum to its input spectrum and yields both magnitude and phase as a function of frequency, In the H P 3562A, Channel 1 monitors the input (stimulus), and Channel 2 monitors the output (response),...
Page 129 i Ht: �Wt:P I ::ifNI: I-HI:QUI:NGY HI:SPUNSt:. MI:ASUHt:.Mt:.N I The Frequency Response Display Figure 3-6 shows the response of a typical band-pass filter characterized by the frequency response display. " X�565.59 Ya�i6.7861 " " FREG RESP " 1 1 1 1 2.4 , 0 "...
Page 130 Chapter 3-Using the Swept Sine Mode THE SWEPT SINE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Coherence Display This display shows the portion of the output power spectrum related to the input spectrum, according to the following formula: Gx y where: is the cross spectrum G,y' is its complex conjugate G"...
Page 131 Chapter 3-US1n9 the Swept Sine Mode THE SWEPT SINE FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Power Spectrum Display This display shows the auto power spectrum, defined as the power level of the incoming signal at the measurement frequency for each point measured during the sweep. Figure 3·8 shows the individual power spectra used to calculate the frequency response display in figure 3·6.
Page 132 Chapter 3-Using the Swept Sine Mode THE SWEPT SINE FREOUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT The Cross Spectrum Display This display is computed by multiplying the complex conjugate of the linear spectrum of the signal on Channel l by the linear spectrum of the signal on Channel 2. The cross spectrum shows propagation velocity as a function of frequency and is often used in acoustic intensity measurements.
Page 133 � VIEWING THE INPUT SIGNALS VIEWING THE INPUT SIGNALS The VIEW INPUT key allows you to look at the input signals before they are filtered or meas ured. Appendix E explains how these displays are derived and how they differ from measure ment displays.
Page 134 t,;napter :.:s-usmg me tiwept time Moae MEASUREMENT SETUP CHECKLIST MEASUREMENT SETUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps to set u p swept sine measurements: 1 . Select swept sine mode: press MEAS MODE followed by SWEPT SINE (page 3-1) 2. Set up the receiver: select linear or log sweep and set u p auto gain, if necessary, in the MEAS MODE menu.
Page 136 PURPOSE O F THIS CHAPTER This chapter shows you the details of using the 3562A's time capture mode. For an intro ductory discussion of time capture. please refer to the User's Guide at the beginning of this manual. Note that several of the instrument's features (the source, for example) operate identi...
Page 137 OVERVIEW OF TIME CAPTURE OVERVIEW O F TIME CAPTURE Figure 4-1 shows the concept of time capture in the HP 3562A. Affected by: frequency span TIme Analog , Digital Capturing source stimulus Capture Signal Data Data range Memory coupling triggering...
Page 138 vlli:tjJlt:f rt-Ut)IIIH Ult: l ime vapturt: Iv!oae SETTING U P THE TIME CAPTURE SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE This mode allows you to capture a block of data (up to ten time records long) on one channel, then measure and analyze the block after the input signal has been removed, Time capture is used to record waveforms and to increase the effective real time bandwidth (RTBW) to 1 00 kHz, Captured data can then be measured and analyzed at narrower spans, There are nine steps to setting u p a time capture:...
Page 139 .., . , .."' ..SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE To put the H P 3562A in the time capture mode, press MEAS MODE. Next, press the TIME CAPTUR softkey to display the CAPTUR SELECT softkey. Press this to display the following...
Page 140 Chapter 4-Using the Time Capture Mode SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE Setup Step Set the Frequency Span The frequency span is set before the data block is captured. However, it can be reset when the block is retrieved from memory and measured (this is Measurement Step 3 later in this chap· ter).
Page 141 Setup Step Set U p the Source The H P 3562A offers five source outputs in the time capture mode: random noise, burst random, periodic chirp, burst chirp, and fixed sine. To select a source output and set its amplitude level, press SOURCE, which displays the following menu: SOURCE Used to set the amplitude level of the source.
Page 142 Disables updating of the view input displays, The message " Uncalibrated" that appears with the INPUT SPEC 1 and 2 displays indicates that these traces have not been corrected by the H P 3562A's calibration routine, Chapter 4-Usinq the Time Capture Mode...
Page 143 SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE Setup Step Set up the Inputs Please refer to Chapter 7 for information on triggering, calibrating, coupling, input range and engineering units. Delayed triggering in time capture defines the start of the entire time cap ture, not of each record.
Page 144 /-', , .,.."'" '� Ie vaplu,o IVIVUC 'V ... " ,v , ' " SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE Setup Step View the Captured Data The capture pointer allows you to view data in the capture block after the capture is completed. The pointer outlines one time record in the time buffer display (the display that appears when the capture is finished).
Page 145 SETTING UP THE TIME CAPTURE Setup Step View the Capture Header The time capture header shows the setup information for the current capture block. To display the header. press CAPTUR HEADER. As shown in figure 4-4, the top of the header displays a subset of the instrument's setup state.
Page 146 Once a data block has been captured, i t can be measured and analyzed in the same manner as a "live" signal. The H P 3562A offers the power spectrum, auto correlation and histogram measurements in the time capture mode. The remainder of this chapter discusses the steps needed to make measurements on captured data blocks.
Page 147 l.Jnapter 4-uslng me l Ime l.Japture Mode MEASURING AND ANAL YZING CAPTURED DATA The power spectrum measurement provides the power spectrum, defined as the input spectrum multiplied by its complex conjugate, Several display choices are derived from the power spectrum measurement When the power spectrum measurement is selected, pressing MEAS OISP displays the following menu: POWER Displays the power spectrum of the time capture data on...
Page 148 Chapter 4-Using the Time Capture Mode MEASURING AND ANALYZING CAPTURED DATA The histogram measurement shows the amplitude distribution of the signal between its minimum and maximum values. It is often used to monitor the performance of elec tromechanical positioning systems and to measure the statistical properties of noise. Several display choices are derived from the data acquired with the histogram measurement.
Page 149 - , .�t" �" -�"'::I ,� " " .� t"' ...., ....MEASURING AND ANAL YZING CAPTURED DATA The filtered input displays provide both time and frequency domain displays that have been digitized and filtered to the current frequency span, but have not been through the measurement process .
Page 150 Chapter 4-USln9 the l ime Capture Mode MEASURING AND ANALYZING CAPTURED DATA Measurement Step 2: Select the Window The HP 3562A offers six windows in the time capture mode: Hanning, flat top, u niform, force, exponential, and user-defined, Pressing WINDOW displays the following menu: HANN...
Page 151 Iyzer automatically changes the span back to the capture span in these cases, if necessary. If you measure at a different span than the capture, the HP 3562A's digital filter needs time to resettle to the new span, Because of this, some data distortion can occur in the first record of the measurement (the data in the time buffer are not affected), If this presents a problem, set the capture pointer to some point other than the beginning of the time buffer.
Page 152 vJ ldJJlt:: 1 '"+-U�lIltl lilt: I II l it:: vdfJlUle IVluue MEASURING AND ANALYZING CAPTURED DATA Measurement Step Set U p Averaging The averaging features offered in the time capture mode are also offered in the linear resolution mode; these features are described in detail in Chapter 1 . However, several averaging features offered in linear resolution are not available in time capture (overload rejection, fast averaging and previewing).
Page 153 Record soft key. Measurement Step Start the Measurement When the H P 3562A is in the time capt re mode, pressing START causes the instrument to measure the data stored in the time capture memory. All the measurement input data come from the capture buffer, not from the input channels.
Page 154 vnapler '+-uslng me I Irlle va[Jlure IVluue CAPTURE SeTUP CHECKLIST CAPTURE SETUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps required to set u p a time capture then measure the captured data block: Capture 1 . Select capture channel: use CH 1 ACTIVE or CH 2 ACTIVE in the SELECT MEAS menu.
Page 156 DEMODULATION PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER The purpose of this chapter is to show you the details of using the HP 3562A's demodulation feature, For an introductory example using demodulation, please refer to the User's Guide at the beginning of this manual.
Page 157 (to 1024 points), the trace may appear to be shifted Slightly. 6. All zoomed time record displays in the H P 3562A are uncalibrated. This is important to note when using demod, since all time displays in demod are zoomed.
Page 158 THE DEMODULATION MENUS THE DEMODULATION MENUS The softkeys used to set u p demodulation are contained in several menus accessed through MEAS MODE, There are four menus used to set u p demodulation: DEMOD SELECT, the demod types menu, PM/FM CRRIER and DELETE FREQ, These menus are described in order in this section.
Page 159 THE DEMODULATION MENUS The Demod Types Menu The following menu is displayed when DEMOD CHAN 1, DE MOD CHAN 2 or DEMOD BOTH is pressed : Selects AM demodulation on Channel 1 . CHAN (do not appear Selects FM demodulation on Channel CHAN 1 DEMOD CHAN 2)
Page 160 .."' '' ':::;I ,",' "."'t-" "' ..'-' ..' , 'v ..u'u .. v . , THE DEMODULATION MENUS The DELETE FREQ Menu The delete frequency table and the following menu are displayed when DELETE FREO is pressed (this menu is used in Step 5): EDIT Used to speaity the line to be edited.
Page 161 �t: I I INl:i UI-' Ut:MUUULAI IUN SETTING UP DEMODULATION This section shows you how to set up demodulated measurements. Refer to the menu expla nations at the beginning of this chapter for descriptions of the softkeys used in demodulation. Step Activate Demodulation To activate demodulation, first press MEAS MODE then select the LINEAR RES mode.
Page 162 Chapter 5 g Demodulation SETTING UP DEMODULATION x-soo Hz Hz Signal That was Values on display are absolute amplitude, not referenced to carrier. Original Span was The carrier value shown is higher than its actual value. Figure 5-1 AM Demodulation Note That This Display Is Not Calibrated X-2kHZ...
Page 163 Step Select Auto or User Carrier When performing FM or PM demodulation, the HP 3562A gives you the choice between entering a known carrier frequency or letting the instrument calculate the carrier based on the input signal. (AM demodulation does not require any carrier frequency entry.) Because of the time involved in the auto carrier calculation, it is recommended that you set the carrier frequency whenever it is known.
Page 164 One use of this is to remove spurious components that might be misinterpreted as modulation sidebands. It also can be used to force the instrument to analyze just selected portions of the signal. The HP 3562A performs linear interpolation across removed areas of the frequency spectrum.
Page 165 SETTING UP DEMODULATION Step Proceed with Measurement Set Up Once demodulation has been set up using the first five steps, you now finish setting up the measurement as you would any other measurement in the linear resolution mode, Turn to Chapter 1 for the steps unique to this mode, then use Chapter 7 to set up the inputs, Note that demodulation must be zoomed (use a non'zero start frequency), Also, the previewing feature (in the AVG menu) normally offered in the linear resolution rnode is not applicable to demodula'...
Page 166 l,;napter o-uslng uemoaUlatlon DEMODULATION SETUP CHECKLIST DEMODULATION SETUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps to set u p demodulation measurements: 1 . Activate demodulation: press MEAS MODE followed by LINEAR RES, press DEMOD ON OFF to ON, then press DEMOD SELECT. (page 5-6) 2.
Page 168 TIME THROUGHPUT PURPOSE O F THIS CHAPTER This chapter shows you the details of using the time throughput feature, The H P 3562A's HP-IB system controller capability allows you to store input data directly to disc memory, without using an external controller. Time throughput supports the Hewlett-Packard 9 1 4X and...
Page 169 -- - '" OVERVIEW OF TIME THROUGHPUT OVERVIEW OF TIME THROUGHPUT Figure 6-1 shows the interaction between the H P 3562A and the disc drive during time throughput HP 3562A Disc Drive Affected by: source stimulus Analog , Digital triggering...
Page 170 \...; n apler o-usmg l ime I nrougnput THROUGHPUT REAL TIME BANDWIDTHS THROUGHPUT REAL TIME BANDWIDTHS Real time bandwidth (RTBW) with time throughput is a function of the disc drive being used. Here are nominal RTBWs for several Hewlett-Packard disc drives: Model l-channel 2-channel...
Page 171 linapter I)-using l Ime I nrougnpur A NOTE ABOUT LOG RESOLUTION THROUGHPUT A NOTE ABOUT LOG RESOLUTION THROUGHPUT Because the log resolution mode measures multiple-decade spans in parallel (see Chapter 2 for details), more records are required when creating a file and setting up a session for log resolution throughputs, Here are the required number of real time records for each log resolu...
Page 172 CREATING TIME THROUGHPUT FILES ON DISC CREATING TIME THROUGHPUT FilES ON DISC Time throughput reouires a disc drive connected to the H P 3562A and an initialized disc. To connect the disc drive. select drive addresses and unit numbers, and initialize discs, please refer io Chapier 11.
Page 173 Chapter 6-Using Time Throughput CREATING TIME THROUGHPUT FILES ON DISC File Creation Step Set File Size The size of throughput files is set in units of time, revolutions, or records. File size is limited to 32, 767 records or the space available on disc. The current value of THRUPT SIZE determines the size ofthe file created when CREATE THRUPT is pressed.
Page 174 File Creation Step 2: Name the File When CREI\TE THRUPT is pressed, the HP 3562A shifts into the alpha mode to allow you to enter the name for the file about to be created. When a file is created, its size is set to the current value ofTHRUPT SIZE.
Page 175 SETTING UP THROUGHPUT SESSIONS SETTING UP THROUGHPUT SESSIONS A throughput ' 'session" differs from a throughput ' 'file" in that the file is merely space reserved on disc, while a session is the actual throughputling of data to the disc. Files can be used repeatedly for successive sessions, but note that each file can contain only one session.
Page 176 SETTING UP THROUGHPUT SESSIONS Setup Step Activate Time Throughput To activate time throughput, press MEAS MODE. When its menu appears, select LINEAR RES or LOG RES-time throughput is applicable only to the linear and log resolution modes. When one of these modes is selected, the THRUPT ON OFF softkey is displayed. Pressing this softkey ON activates time throughput and displays the THRUPT SELECT softkey.
Page 177 Setup Step View the Input Signals (Optional) It is generally desirable to view the input signals before the throughput session is started so that the optimum input setup can be determined. Pressing VIEW INPUT displays the following menu: INPUT Displays the time data present at the Channel 1 input TIME 1 connector.
Page 178 ;s already identified for you. When ACTIVE FILE is pressed, the H P 3562A shifts into the alpha mode and displays the alpha menu. This is the same menu described earlier in this chapter under ' 'File Creation Step 2: Naming and Creating the File."...
Page 179 Chapter 6-US1n9 l ime I hroughput SETTING UP THROUGHPUT SESSIONS Setup Step View the Throughput Header (Optional) The throughput header shows the instrument state and session information for the current throughput session . To display the header, press THRUPT HEADER after the session is com plete.
Page 180 Gnapter o-usmg l ime I nrougnpul MEASURING AND ANALYZING THROUGHPUT FILES MEASURING AND ANAL YZING THROUGHPUT FILES Throughput files may be recalled from disc at any time for measurement and analysis. Because throughput must be used in conjunction with the linear or log resolution mode, files are meas ured and analyzed in one of these two modes.
Page 181 MEASURING AND ANAL YZING THROUGHPUT FILES Measurement Step 2 : View the Active File (Optional) You can view the time domain data in the throughput file after the session has been stored on disc and before it has been measured. One of the uses of viewing the data before the meas urement is made is to determine the appropriate starting point for the measurement.
Page 182 If you measure the file on a different span than it was throughput, the digital filter in the H P 3562A needs to resettle to the new span. This resettling can introduce a transient into the beginning of the measurement. In this case, it is generally recommended that the beginning of the file be excluded from the measurement to allow time for the filter to settle.
Page 183 USING CAPTURE BLOCKS AS THROUGHPUT FILES USING CAPTURE BLOCKS AS THROUGHPUT FILES Capture blocks that have been stored on disc previously can be used as input to a throughput measurement. Identify the stored capture block as the active file (Measurement Step 1), then proceed as with a normal throughput measurement.
Page 184 I.Jl lctfJll:Il O-U�Uly I II lit: l l llUUYllfJUl THROUGHPUT SETUP CHECKLIST THROUGHPUT SETUP CHECKLIST Here are the steps to create a throughput file on disc, set up a throughput session, and then measure the throughput file: Create a 1 . Set file size: use THRUPTSIZE in the DISC FCTN menu (under file DISC).
Page 186 PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to set up the 3562A's input section, the group of six keys labeled " Input Setup," This chapter shows you how to: 1 , couple the inputs...
Page 187 20(1) to chassis ground. Because the HP 3562A's inputs are differential, they normally float with respect to ground. However, you have the option of floating or grounding the inputs independently. Grounding connects the input channels' ground reference (the outside shell of the BNC connectors) through 200fl to chassis ground.
Page 188 SETTING THE INPUT RANGE SETTING THE INPUT RANGE You have a choice between manually setting the input range or letting the HP 3562A automati cally set the range. The auto-range feature sets the range in response to the amplitude level detected at the inputs;...
Page 189 Chapter 7-lnput Setup SETTING THE INPUT RANGE type, You can manually set the range (using CHAN 1 RANGE andlor CHAN 2 RANGE) any where from - 51 dBV (3,99 mVpeak) to 27dBV (31.66 Vpeak), where dBV is referenced to 1 Vrms, Note that you can set the range for both channels at once by entering the value immedi...
Page 190 SETTING UP TRIGGERING SETTING UP TRIGGERING The HP 3562A's trigger function defines the conditions for acquiring a new time record. To set up triggering, press SELECT TRIG to display the following menu: Allows you to set the level at which the trigger will be actio TRIG vated.
Page 191 Delayed Triggering The HP 3562A can pre-trigger u p to 4095 samples (4094 for zoom) before and post-trigger up to 102,400 samples after the trigger signal actually arrives. Pre-triggering is useful for impact anaJysis to ensure that you have captured the entire impulse. Post-triggering is helpful when analyzing systems with time delays because the measurement can wait u ntil the desired signaJ arrives.
Page 192 CALIBRATING THE HP 3562A CALIBRATING THE HP 3562A 3562A's calibration routine adjusts the gain and phase accuracy and common mode rejection of the input channels to comply with the analyzer's specifications. It starts by applying a known signal (internally) to the input channels. Next, it measures this known signal and compares it to the channels' responses.
Page 193 (EU). For example, assume you have a accelerometer calibrated at 10 mV/G. You can tell the HP 3562A to calibrate its measurements at 10 mV/EU and label the display in Gs. Now you can read the display directly and accurately in Gs. You can enter EU values and labels for the two channels independently.
Page 194 Entering EU Labels When either EU LBL CHAN 1 or EU LBL CHAN 2 is pressed, the H P 3562A shifts into the alpha mode to allow you to enter an alphanumeric label. In the alpha mode, all front panel keys...
Page 196 4. Select the display data-measurement display, input signals or instrument state 5. Use the X, Y and special markers 6. Save and recall states and traces using the H P 3562A's internal memory (storage in external disc mernory is discussed in Chapter 1 1 )
Page 197 T H E HP 3562A DISPLAY THE HP 3562A DISPLA Y Figure 8-1 shows a plot of the HP 3562A's display and explains the various fields on the screen. Some fields depend on display format (single, upper/lower, or front/back). � X - i l . 0KHz Y--50 .
Page 198 COMBINING COORDINATES AND UNITS The HP 3562A was designed to provide maximum flexibility in arranging the display to best fit your measurement needs. As a result, it can provide many combinations of units and coordi...
Page 199 Chapter 8-Display Configuration SELECTING DISPLAY COORDINATES SELECTING DISPLA Y COORDINATES Display coordinates may be selected before or after the measurement is made. Changing coordinates changes only the displayed trace: it does not alter or destroy any measurement data. Coordinates cannot be selected for the ORBITS T1vsT2 and DE MOD POLAR displays. Press COORD to display the following menu: Defines the vertical axis as magnitude displayed in dB (dB)
Page 200 Chapter 8-Display Configuration SELECTING DISPLAY COORDINATES Pressing NEXT the COORD menu displays the following menu: NYOUST Configures the display as a Nyquist diagram (imaginary vs, real), NICHOL Coniigures the display as a Nichols plot (log magnitude vs, phase), After pressing NICHOL, you can enter the the phase center of the X'axis, from - 180 to + 180 degrees, The default is degrees,...
Page 201 Chapter a-Display Configuration SELECTING UNITS SELECTING UNITS The UNITS key allows you to select the horizontal and vertical units and enter trace titles. As with coordinates, changing the units does not alter or destroy any measurement data. Press UNITS to display the following menu: P SPEC Displays the power spectrum units menu, which sets the UN ITS...
Page 202 Ch a pt e Displ a Config u a tion SELECTING UNITS The Power Spectrum Units Menu Power spectrum units apply to power and cross spectrum displays in the linear resolution, log resolution and time capture modes. After a selection is made, all power and cross spectrum displays in these three modes are in those units.
Page 203 Chapter 8-Display Configuration SELECTING UNITS The Linear Spectrum Units Menu Linear spectrum units apply to linear spectrum displays. After a selection is made, all linear spectra are displayed in those units. N ote that linear spectrum units apply only to these dis plays and do not affect any other displays.
Page 204 SELECTING UNITS Trace Title This softkey is used to enter trace titles. Titles can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters and are plotted along with the display. When TRACE TITLE is pressed, the instrument shi f ts into the alpha mode, in which all front panel keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to the blue labels under them.
Page 205 The horizontal and vertical axes offer several scaling options. You can explicitly enter minimum and maximum values for either axis, or the H P 3562A can auto scale to obtain the optimum display. In addition, the scale can be set to the current X and Y marker bands. Note that several of the SCALE softkeys are duplicated in the X and Y marker menus for convenience.
Page 206 V!!(J. P lCI U-L"'!;:)j-.lIo.y VUIHI l:/ UlctlIUII SCALING THE DISPLAY V-axis Scaling Y-axis scaling operates in one of two modes: auto or fixed. Vertical autoscaling (selected with Y AUTO SCALE) checks the active trace every time it is changed or updated to ensure that the vertical scale is providing the optimum display.
Page 207 SELECTING DISPLAY DATA SELECTING DISPLA Y DATA The Select Data keys provide three choices of display data: measurement displays, view inputs and the state display. MEAS DISP selects measurement displays. The menu displayed with this key depends on the measurement mode selected; refer to Chapters (depending on the current mode) for more information.
Page 208 USING THE MARKERS USING THE MARKERS The HP 3562A offers both horizontal (X-axis) and vertical (Y-axis) markers, as well as several special marker functions, The markers can be used to magni f y a narrow portion of a trace, identify a band or region, curve fit inside a band, adjust the horizontal and vertical scales,...
Page 209 Chapter 8-Display Configuration THE X MARKER THEXMARKER Pressing X in the Marker group activates the X marker. When it is activated, the marker appears as an intensified dot which is moved across the trace with the Markers knob. Pressing X also displays the following menu: Used to move the X marker to a explicit point on the hori...
Page 210 Chapter a-Display Configuration THEX MARKER An Example of Scrolling Figure 8-3a shows a measurement made at 0 -100 kHz. A 10 kHz wide X marker band was created using HOLD X CENTER; the band is shown from 45 to 55 kHz in figure 8 -3b. Figure 8-3c shows this 10 kHz band magnified using X MRKR SCALE.
Page 211 _,-_. _._,._.J THE Y MARKER THE Y MARK ER Pressing Y in the Marker group activates the marker When the marker is activated, it appears as a single horizontal line which is moved along the vertical axis with the Markers k nob, Pressing Y also displays the following menu: Used to move the Y marker to an explicit point on the VALUE...
Page 212 Chapter 8-Display Configuration RELATIVE MARKER MEASUREMENTS RELATIVE MARKER MEASUREMENTS The HOLD X and HOLD Y marker bands are also used to measure points on the display relative to a fixed reference. As an example, here are the steps to measure the amplitude level of a harmonic relative to the fundamental.
Page 213 THE SPECIAL MARKER FUNCTIONS THE SPECIAL MARKER FUNCTIONS The special marker functions provided by the HP 35 62A are harmonic and sideband markers, a variety of special calculations, and peak search, These functions operate with the X markers in both single and band modes, Press SPCL MARKER to display the following menu: X FCTN Deactivates all special marker functions.
Page 214 Chapter a-Display Configuration THE SPECIAL MARKER FUNCTIONS The Harmonic Markers These markers highlight a fundamental frequency and its first twenty harmonics. To activate the harmonic markers. press H MNC ON to display the following menu: FNDMTL Used to enter the frequency of the fundamental. Press FREO FNDMTL FREO.
Page 215 The H P can save up to five instrument states and two data trace displays in its internal 3562A memory. (Refer to Chapter 11 for saving states and traces in disc memory.) The current state is stored in nonvolatile memory at power-down and may be recalled later. Only the information in the instrument state display is saved.
Page 216 DATA OPERATIONS PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER This chapter shows you how to use the HP 3562A's math, auto math, frequency response synthesis and curve fit features-the Operators group. It assumes you are familiar with the basic operation of the instrument (at the minimum you should be familiar with Chapters 1 and 8).
Page 217 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH Waveform math operates on the data block represented by the displayed trace, not on the trace itself. An example of each type of operation is provided after the following description of the MATH menu, These operations apply to the active trace(s); if both traces are active, the selected operation applies to both, With the exception of the algebraic operations, the calcula...
Page 218 -" -r---' -_.- -r--'--'-" WAVEFORM MATH Pressing NEXT in the previous menu displays the following menu: DIFF Differentiates the active trace: see "Differentiation/ Integration." Multiplies the active frequency domain trace by jw: see "Artificial Differentiation/Integration." INTGRT Integrates the active frequency domain trace: see "Differ entiation/ Integration."...
Page 219 WAVEFORM MATH Algebraic Operations The algebraic operations (ADD,SUB,DIV,MPy) require three steps: 1 . Select the active trace as the first operand. 2. Select the math operation. 3. Select a displayed or stored trace or a numeric constant as the second operand. When the operation is selected, the following menu is displayed to allow you to choose the second operand: ENTER...
Page 220 ,-,, " 001-''';':'' '-"1-''Cla�IV!'<;> .;;.r - LJC<U;' WAVEFORM MATH 9·1 Figure shows an example of adding two traces. lG Z&NI ..• Q�� "" 9·1 Figure Addition 9·5...
Page 221 WAVEFORM MATH Square Root SQUARE ROOT calculate the square root of each point in the active trace; figure 9-2 shows an example. Note that computing square root of a negative function dues not yield an imaginary result RESP FREQ O%Ovlp Hann 25,0 �...
Page 222 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH Negation NEGATE individually multiplies the real and imaginary parts of the measurement data by minus one; figure 9-4 shows an example. � - "'M�-Ar'f} U1"" T -'---l Frequency Response Magnitu Trace Not Affect ed _75. lI �...
Page 223 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH INTGRT integrates the active trace by summing the discrete areas contained at each point on the display. Figure 9-6 shows example of integration. INTGRT sums all points, while 0 initializes the first point to zero. INTGRT and INTGRT INIT 0 should be INTGRT INIT used on time domain traces.
Page 224 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH Artificial lntegration/Differentiation Artificial differentiation is performed by multiplying the trace by j2rrLl.f. This function provides the frequency spectrum of the time domain derivative. X-50kHz race SYNT Value at Marker Readout on Trace B Equals: 400 Bins (50kHz divided by I\f of 125 Hz) Times of 125 Times 21t Times Value of Trace A (about 1.0)
Page 225 .., ..,.., ..��.� ..,.... " ..' ,- WAVEFORM MATH Calculating Open-Loop Response T/1 - T calculates open-loop response from a measured closed-loop frequency response curve, as the example in figure 9-10 shows.
Page 226 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH Complex Conjugation COMPLX CONJ calculates the complex conjugate of the active trace; figure 9-12 shows an example. X�45kHz Yam45,Q Gag SYN THE;SIS Trece Const ____ _ 90. 0 eo" . is a Synthesized Constant Trace �...
Page 227 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH LN· 1 OF DATA calculates the antiloge of the active trace. taking phase in radians from the imaginary part of the data and loge of the magnitude from the real part g Ae ..10Av With Loge Mag in Real and Phase in Radians in Imaginary, Calculating LN-1 of DATA Yields This Fre-...
Page 228 Chapter 9-Data Operations WAVEFORM MATH and Inverse FFT computes a 10 24-line FFT from either a 10 24-point complex record or a 2048 -point real record. For FFTs on time domain traces, 1024 lines are produced; 801 are saved and displayed (the remaining 223 lines fall outside the analyzer's frequency span), Because of dithering in the computation, FFTs on identical data do not always produce identical results, Figure 9-15 shows an example of the FFT command,...
Page 229 AUTO MATH AUTO MATH The HP 3562A's auto math feature allows you to program math operations using the Active Trace k eys and the sof t keys in the MATH and MEAS DlSP menus. The curren t auto math table is saved in nonvolatile memory inside the instrument and is not erased when power is removed.
Page 230 .., '01-" "" 0'0 ""'1-'''' ' ,;/-..OUVI '" AUTO MATH When EDIT MATH pressed, the following menu is di splayed: LABEL Used to add a label to the auto math table; see "The Auto MATH Math Label" following this menu. EDIT Used to the select a line for editing.
Page 231 3. It appears on top of the active trace (in the same field as the other MEAS DiSP selections). To enter the label, press LABEL MATH , and the H P 3562A shifts into the alpha mode. In this mode, the hard keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to their blue labels, and the...
Page 232 Chapter 9-Data Operations AUTO MATH Starting the Auto Math Table The auto math table can be started in two ways: 1 . Press AUTO MATH, then the START MATH soilk ey. 2. Press MEAS DISP, then the AUTO MATH softkey. Note that the AUTO MATH softkey label is replaced by the math label, if one was programmed in the table (PO WER TEST, for example).
Page 233 (Tabl es can also be stored in disc memory; see Chapter 11 for instructions) . Synthesized traces match the mode in which they are created. For exampl e, i f the H P 3562A is in the l inear resol ution mode, the synthesized trace con tains 801 l ines. The frequency span of synthesized traces i s set using the FREQ menu.
Page 234 The Synthesis Table The synthesis table contains the data used by the HP 3562A in creating the frequency response curve, Figure 9-18 shows an example of the table in the pole/zero format Type of Synthesis...
Page 235 FREQUENCY RESPONSE SYNTHESIS Figure 9-19 shows this infor mation converted to the ratio- of-polynomials format (using the CONVRT TABLES menu). " S y n t h e s i s T ypeof Synthesls DEN O MIN ATO R L � , � " , � , � , � , : , � T O R : : / i 212 .
Page 236 FREQUENCY RESPONSE SYNTHESIS The Synthesis Functions Menu The synthesis functions menu allows you to add system gains, time delays and scaling fre quencies to synthesis tables, The values entered are used by the instrument when it creates the trace, Note that the values must be entered before the trace is synthesized. Pressing SYNTH FCTN displays the following menu: GAIN Used to enter the constant (K) if needed to set the desired...
Page 237 t-Hf::.UUENCY Ri::. S PQNSE SYNTHESIS Converting Synthesis Tables Synthesis tables can be converted from the current type to one of the other two types using the CONVRT T ABLE menu. To convert a synthesis table, press the CONVRT TABLE softkey to display the following menu: TO->...
Page 238 THE CURVE FITTER THE CURVE FITTER The curve fitter in the HP 3562A extracts pole and zero locations from measured or synthe sized frequency response functions. This creates a mathematical model that "fits" the meas ured response. Conceptually, curve fitting can be thought of as synthesis process that tries pole and zero locations until it can produce a curve that matches the measured response.
Page 239 Chapter 9-Data Operations THE CURVE FIT MENUS THE CURVE FIT MENUS Fi T , There are four softkey menus used for setting up and performing curve fitting: CURVE EDIT TABLE, TABLE FCTN, FIT FCTN, and EDIT WEIGHT The menus are described in this order in the following section.
Page 240 Chapter 9-Data Operations THE CURVE FIT MENUS The EDIT T ABLE Menu The following menu is displayed when EDIT TABLE is pressed: EDIT Shifts the editing softkeys to the poles in the table, When POLES this is active, FIX LlNE#, ADD LINE, and DELETE LlNE# affect only the poles, EDIT Shifts the editing softkeys to the zeros in the Stable, When...
Page 241 V" CltJlv' v-VCllCl ""jJC" ClUVI '" THE CURVE FIT MENUS The TABLE FCTN Menu Pressing displays the following menu: T ABLE FCTN Used to enter time delay values. If the system being fit has TIME DELAY an extraneous time delay in its response, this value must be included to obtain an accurate The default value is seconds.
Page 242 Selects auto weighting, which causes the HP 3562A to WEIGHT automatically calculate the weighting function. USER Selects user order, which causes the HP 3562A to fit with ORDER the number of poles and zeros specified with NUMBER POLES and NUMBER ZEROS,...
Page 243 ;;,I-I",IGHQ p-.:;; , Vl latJ�1,';1 ..",,"V' 1';> THE CURVE FIT MENUS The EDIT WEIGHT Menu The following menu is displayed when EDIT WEIGHT is pressed: VIEW Displays the weighting function, if one exists, or a unity WEIGHT fu nction if one does not. WEIGHT Used to specify a portion of the weighting function to be REGION...
Page 244 Specifying the system order of the curve to be fitted can be done in two ways: enter the exact number of poles and zeros (user order) or let the H P 3562A calculate the number that yields the best fit (auto order). The selection is made with USER ORDER and AUTO ORDER in the FIT FCTN menu.
Page 246 Chapter 9-Data Operations CURVE FIT SETUP STEPS Step 4: Create the Fit The fit is created when CREATE FIT in the CURVE FIT menu is pressed. The message " Curve Fit in Progress" is displayed while the fit is in progress. When the fit is complete, the extracted pole and zero locations can be viewed in the curve fit table;...
Page 247 \.J11Cl. jJ U:;;; 1 ,o-UCl.lCl. VjJt:! ClllUI I'::' CURVE FIT seTUP STEPS Step 5: View and Edit the Curve Fit Table The curve fit tabie, displayed by pressing EDIT TABLE, contains the pole and zero locations extracted by the curve fitter. Figure shows an example of the table.
Page 248 The auto sequence feature allows you to program up to twenty commands in a table that is stored in the HP 3562A's internal nonvolatile memory. Up to five auto sequences, each containing up to twenty commands, can be stored. (Additional tables can be saved in disc memory;...
Page 249 CREATING AND RUNNING AUTO SEQUENCES CREATING AND RUNNING AUTO SEQUENCES The AUTO SEQ menu provides access to the five auto sequence tables and allows you to start, pause, and continue individual auto sequences: START Starts the auto sequence stored in table #1. Note that ASE01 "START ASE01"...
Page 250 . ---- --..,-- - - - - ' ' - ;:" -" " ' ''' ';:::1 - " -1"'--" CREATING AND RUNNING AUTO SEQUENCES Auto Sequences with More Than 20 Lines There are three techniques available if you need more than twenty lines to solve a measure ment problem.
Page 251 CHAN 1 RANGE: 5:V, To program the B trace to activate, the command is entered as just The H P 3562A enters each line in the table as soon as you enter a complete command, Press SELECT ASEO# followed by a number 1-5, then press the EDIT softkey to...
Page 252 AUTO SEQ When LABEL ASEO is pressed, the HP 3562A shifts into the alpha mode, in which the keys (except LINE and HELP) are converted to their blue labels. LABEL ASEO also displays the...
Page 253 LABEL ASEO softkey and enter "AUTOST" as the first six characters of The Autostart Auto Sequence auto sequence label. Norrnally, the H P 3562A starts the rneasurement when power is applied AUTOST, however, inhibits this, so you need to program the key into AUTOST if you want it to start a measurernent at power-on.
Page 254 Chapter 10-Auto Sequence Programming EXAMPLE AUTO SEQUENCES Auto sequences can be stored in disc memory both for archival purposes and to provide more SA VING AUTO SEQUENCES IN DISC MEMORY command lines. Chapter 11 gives instructions for connecting a disc drive and using one i n general, but severa! aspects of auto sequences require noting here.
Page 255 INPUTS SET UP START Figure 10-2 Figure 10�1 Displays "HELLO MAC" on the Computer's Screen. Rsferto Chap HP 3562A Programming Sets Up a Continuous, Exponen in the Manual for Information on the Com� tially Averaged Measurement for Adjusting Filters, mands Used Here,...
Page 256 Chapter 1 0-Auto Sequence Programming Example Auto Sequence Keys Lett Auto s e q u e n c e Starts "GOSUB ASEQ" (Fig Display ON Lebel: MULTI ASEG 10-5bj-Since This Is Imbedd ASeG FeTNS: ASEG MESSSE STARTING LOOP the Auto Sequence "GOSUB ASEQ FeTNS: TIMED PAUSE .
Page 258 The purpose ofthis chapter is to show you how to use the HP as an HP-IB controller to PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER plot the display, access disc memories, and output HP-IB command strings. The topics cov ered are: 3562A Using the...
Page 259 HP 3562A as the HP-IB system controller, THE HP-IB FCTN MENU view and set addresses, send user service requests and output HP-IB command strings. For programming the HP 3562A as an addressable-only device on the bus, please refer to the Programming Manual. HP-IB FCTN...
Page 260 User Service Requests on the HP-IB. The USER SR01 through SR08 softkeys are in the USER SRO menu. For information on customizing the softkeys labels and handling the SROs, please refer to the 3562A Programming Manual.
Page 261 HP 3562A. Connecting and Addressing the Plotter To connect a plotter to the H P 3562A. refer to figure 11-1. A standard HP-IB cable is required; the following cables are available from Hewlett-Packard: Length...
Page 262 Figure Connecting a Plotter to the HP To address the plotter, the H P 3562A needs to know the plotter's HP-IB address, Reter to your plotter's manual to set and read its address, To enter the corresponding address into the...
Page 263 PLOTTING THE DISPLAY Setting the Plot Parameters The H P 3562A offers control of every aspect of plotting. However, plotting can be a very simple operation by using the preset parameters. To set the parameters and start plotting, press to display the following menu:...
Page 264 Plots the grids with solid lines, regardless of how they GRIDS appear on the screen. TICK Plots ticks marks on the grid axes In place of the horizon MARKS tal and vertical grid lines, RETURN Redisplays the PLOT menu, 11-7 Chapter Functions 11-HP-IB...
Page 265 If you enter 0 for a pen number, the H P 3562A instructs the plotter to put the pen away. This is useful to selectively avoid plotting parts of the display.
Page 266 Refer to your plotter's programming manual for more information. (This feature uses the HP-GL command "LT" to enter the user line numbers.) You can use justthe standard line numbers 1 through 8, if desired, without using the second parameter. The second parameter is always optional.
Page 267 These commands are not sent to plotters without paging capabilities. Refer to your plotter's manual for information on its paging features. The Plot limits Menu You can set the plotter's limits directly from the H P 3562A. Press PLOT LIMITS to display the following menu: Causes the entire screen, including annotation, to be plot...
Page 268 P1 is the lower left corner of the plot, and P2 is the upper right corner. The screen's aspect ratio is 4.9:3.7 (X:Y). HP-GL assigns the origin to the lower left corner olthe plotter's usable area. The values entered for P1 and P2 are an X-Y coordinate pair separated by a comma. For example, entering a P1 10cation of 250,100 sets the lower left corner 250 units to the right and 100 units above the corner.
Page 269 Programming Manual infor mation on passing control. To connect a di s c drive to the H P 3562A, refer to figure 11-2. A standard HP-IB cable is recuired; the following cables are available from Hewlett-Packard: Part Number Length 1 0833A 1 m (3.3 ft)
Page 270 Figure Connecting a Disc Memory To address the disc, the H P 3562A needs to know the disc's HP-IB address (and the current disc unit number fer multiple-drive memories). Refer to your disc's manual to set and read its address. To enter the address into the H P 3562A, press HP-IB in the HP-IB group.
Page 271 .." ..p''-'' ' ' -, " -, .., .." .." v, . ,,;> SAVING AND RECALLING DISPLAYS SA VING AND RECALLING DISPLA YS Data traces, instrument state displays, lault logs, curve fit tables, delete frequency tables and synthesis tables can be saved on disc memory.
Page 272 Chapte 11-HP-IB Functions SAVING AND RECALLING DISPLAYS Saving Files on Disc There are three ways to specify the name for a file you are saving to disc: 1 . Enter a file name (up to 8 characters) using the alpha menu that is displayed then press ENTER.
Page 273 ll-Hr'-II:S vnapter t-unct!ons SAVING AND RECALLING DISPLAY Recalling Files from Disc There are three ways to recall files from disc: 1 . After pressing RECALL FILE, enter a file name using the alpha menu that is displayed. 2. Display the disc catalog, move the pointer to the file you want to recall, press RECALL FILE, then press AT POINTR in the alpha menu.
Page 274 SAVING AND RECALLING DISPLAY The Alpha Mode When SAVE FILE, RECALL FILE or DELETE FILE is pressed, the HP 3562A shifts into the alpha mode to allow you to enter the file name. In the alpha mode, all front panel hard keys...
Page 275 USING THE DISC FUNCTIONS MENU USING THE DISC FUNCTIONS MENU The disc functions menu allows you to pack discs, abort HP-IB operations, and create throughput files. It also gives you access to the service functions, copying and formatting menus. Press DISC FCTN in the DISC menu to display the following menu:...
Page 276 The H P 3562A allows you to format discs to two levels: INIT CATLOG writes a catal o g on the media, and IN IT DISC writes the formats and catalogs the media. In addition, FORMAT OPTION allows you to enter a format option number for Hewlett-Packard Subset/SO discs.
Page 277 It also provides image backup to quickly copy data images from discs and tapes, sector-by-sector. Press DISC, then DISC FCTN followed by DISC COPY to display the following menu: DESTN Used to enter the HP-IB address of the destination disc ADDRES drive, from 0 to See "Identifying the Copy Destination"...
Page 278 RESUME COPY or RESUME OVERWR to finish copying. If a copy is aborted before finished, the destination disc retains all files copied up to but not including the one being transferred. ABORT HP-IB during copying does not affect the source disc. 11-21...
Page 279 The disc service functions are intended for disc service technicians as well as advanced H P 3562A operators who need to spare blocks on disc or tape. The run time error log and the hardware fault logs are offered, as well as the read·only error rate test. Press DISC then DISC...
Page 280 ..J 1 cttJlt:: l ! 1-nr�ID rUl IL.lIUI I;:J USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS When OUTPUT LOG in the SERVCE FCTNS menu is pressed, the following menu is displayed: FAULT Displays the hardware fault log. Refer to "The Fault Log" later in this chapter.
Page 281 Restoration is fast if all files can be located in the order indicated in the catalog. If some sectors are determined bad and need to be spared, restoration can take a long time. It can, however, be gracefully aborted by pressing ABORT Hp·IB and started again. The Error Rate Test-Discs This test checks for data reading errors.
Page 282 11-HP-IB Functions Chapter USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS Figure 11-4 shows an example of the disc ERT log. Note that pressing RO ERT TEST to start the ERT erases the ERT log. Indicates There Are More Pages in the Log...
Page 283 Chapter 11-HP-IB Functions USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS The Error Rate Test-Tapes The ERT is run differently for tapes. First, it does not disable error correction circuitry, so only uncorrectable error are shown. Second, it does all the interpreting for you, so any sector that shows up in the ERT log on a tape needs to be spared.
Page 284 Chapter 11-HP-IB Functions USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS The Run Time Log This log records data errors that occur during normal operation. Because the error correction circuitry is enabled during normal operation, the run time log does not show correctable errors.
Page 285 5. To verify sparing, you can run the ERT again. In any case, you should clear all three logs after sparing all bad blocks and see if any errors accumulate when you put the disc or tape back into operation. 11-28 r:h;:mtp.r 11-HP�IR Fl lnr.tlnn�...
Page 286 175 1 0 1 Indicates T Errcr cr D Error 11-7 Figure Disc Fault Log NOTE This fault log is designed for the disc service technician who is familiar with its contents. It is not intended for use by HP 3562A operators. 11-29...
Page 287 vI I ct jJ t�1 I I -nr-Io r U l l v llVII;:) USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS Quick Reference Tables CS/80 Request Status Summary E R R O R R E PO R T I N G FIELDS' IDENTIFICATION FIELD REJECT ERRORS FIELD FAULT ERRORS FIEL02...
Page 288 vnapter t-unCHons Tl-Ht"'�lts USING THE DISC SERVICE FUNCTIONS CS/80 Quick Reference Tables Request Status Summary (continued) E R R O R R E P O R T I N G F IELDS' ACCESS ERRORS FIELD INFORMATION ERRORS FIELD PARAMETER FIEL04 >...
Page 289 4-digit addresses are treated as the secondary address. The H P 3562A can send HP-IB commands to itself. Use - - as the address, instead of a standard H P-IB address from 0 t031. This sends each commands back through the analyzer's HP-IB command translator.
Page 290 REFERENCE INTRODUCTION This chapter contains descriptions of the HP 3562A's keys, softkeys, indicators and connectors, It provides individual definitions and refers you to Chapters 1 through 11 when broader explana tions are required, For example, the CURVE FIT key is described in this chapter, and for instruc...
Page 291 THE ALPHA MENU THE ALPHA MENU When the HP 3562A requires an al p habetic entry (e.g., when saving and recalling displays) it converts the keys on the front panel to their blue alpha labels and displays the alpha menu. The keys in the Entry group (except the arrows) can be used to enter numbers and punctuation.
Page 292 vnapler Iz-uperanng HeTerence A to AUTO MATH A-activates trace A. See the SINGLE, UPPER LOWER and FRONT BACK keys to determine where trace A is displayed for each of these formats. The active trace and its annotation are highlighted. Selection of the active trace is important because the markers, units, coordinates, math operations, displays and scale affect only the active trace.
Page 293 I... I l lctfJll:H IL-Vpt'l Cl,lIlI !::j I IC!CIC', ..c AUTO MATH (coni) ADD LINE-used to insert lines after the edit line (selected with EDIT LlNE#) in the table. Once ADD LINE is pressed, any number of lines up to the maximum of twenty may be entered without pressing it again.
Page 294 Five auto sequences of up to twenty lines each may be programmed and saved in the HP 3562A's internal memory. These programs are stored in nonvoiatile memory and are not erased when the instrument is turned off. An unlimited number of auto sequences may be saved in disc memory;...
Page 295 """, \IWVII1J ""v I V ... CHANGE LINE-used to change the edit line (selected with EDIT LlNE#) in the table. Press CHANGE LINE, then enter the new line. If a mistake is made in select ing the key, just press the desired key to correct the error. However, if a mis take is made when pressing the softkeys, the entire line must reentered.
Page 296 Chapler 12-0peraling Reference AUTO SEQ (coni) LABEL ASEO-used to add labels to auto sequence programs. This label replaces the appropriate "START ASEO" label on the AUTO SEQ menu. When LABEL ASEO is pressed, the alpha mode menu is displayed and the key are converted to their blue labels.
Page 297 AVG - d i s plays t h e ave rag i n g m e n u . Depe n d i n g o n t h e m o d e selected, the HP 3562A offers stable and exponential averaging, peak hold and continuous peak functions, overlap processing, overload rejection, fast averaging, previewing, and time or power spectrum averaging.
Page 298 vnapler l<::: - Uperal.l n g HeTerenCe (conI) AVG OFF-turns all averaging functions off. If an averaged measurement is in prog ress when averaging is turned off, the measurement pauses at the comple tion of the current average. When AVG OFF is active, the analyzer con tinually makes one-average measurements, and erases the results of each measurement.
Page 299 YES Manual previewing is deactivated by pressing PRVIEW OFF, When using this feature over the HP-IB, "ACPT" must used in place of YES, and "REJT" must be used in place of NO, Previewing cannot be used with...
Page 300 Chapter 12-0perating Reference (conI) OVRLP%-determines the percentage of the time record that is used for over lap processing, from 0 to 90%. The percentage selected determines the portion of each time record overlapped with the next time record in the averaging.
Page 301 Press TIMED PRVIEW, then enter the pause in seconds. Timed preview ing is deactivated by pressing PRVIEW OFF. When using this feature over the HP-IB, "ACPT" must be used in place of YES, and "REJT" must be used in place of NO. Previewing cannot be used with time throughput B -activates trace B.
Page 302 Chapter 12-Operating Reference CONTROL Group CAL-displays the calibration menu. The HP 3562A's cal i bration routine checks and adjusts the gain and phase accuracy olthe input channels to conform to specifications. Either auto calibration or a single calibration can be selected with the CAL menu; the routine performed is the same.
Page 303 Chapter 12-0perating Reference COORD COORD-displays the coordinates menu, which allows you to display different aspects of the measurement data, as well as select a log or linear X-axis. Coordinates may be selected before, during or after the measurement The analyzer's display flexibility allows many combinations of coordinates and units for data traces;...
Page 304 vl lttfJ1t:::H 1'::: : - UfJt::H a llllY nelerence COORD (coni) N EXT-displays the second level of the COORD menu. NICHOL-configures the display as a Nichols plot. This display shows phase on the X-axis versus log magnitude on the Y-axis. At power-on and after reset, the center of the X-axis defaults to zero degrees.
Page 305 .." ..,.., .., , ... '-'t-'''' ' ....COORD (cont) Phase Wrapped Around When it Exceeded Lower Limit of - 180° THESIS Pole Zer " Phas - " Fxd X WRAPPED Unwrapped Phase Shown by SYNTHESIS Auto Scaling...
Page 307 Chapter 12-0perating Reference CURVE FIT (cont) DELETE LlNE#-used to delete a line in the curve fittable. Press DELETE LlNE#, use keys to enter the number of the line to be deleted, then press ENTER. The line is deleted immediately, then the remaining lines are renumbered, Note that the state of EDIT POLES and EDIT ZEROS deter...
Page 308 CURVE FIT (cont) N U M BER POLES-used to specify the number of poles for a curve fit operation. Con jugate pairs are considered two poles. If USER ORDER (in the FIT FCTN menu) is active, the curve fitter finds the specified number of poles. If AUTO ORDER is active, the curve fitter finds the optimum number of poles, with...
Page 309 CURVE FIT (cant) TABLE FeTN-displays the curve fit table functions menu, which allows you to enter time delays and scaling frequencies and clear the table. TIME DELAY -if the system to be fit has a time delay, this value must be entered before the fit is started to obtain an accurate fit.
Page 310 The source disc i s identified by DISC ADORES and DISC UNIT in the Hp·IB FCTN menu. The destination disc is identified by DESTN DISC and DESTN U N I T in the DISC COPY menu. See "OVERWR AU MAN"...
Page 311 0 to 239. This number is used when INIT CATLOG or INIT DISC is pressed. Refer to your disc drive's manual for more information on the format numbers. Note that 256 bytes is the only sector size compatible with the HP 3562A. 12-22 Chapter 12-0perating Reference...
Page 312 Chapter 12-0perating Reference DISC (cont) IMAGE BACKUP-erases the destination disc or tape, then transfers the data image of the source to the destination, This transfers the exact image of the source; all files existing on the destination are erased, and the destination is given the source's name, If you do not need to retain any existing data on the destination disc or tape, use IMAGE BACKUP because it is much faster than copying an entire disc with COPY FILES,...
Page 313 Chapter 12-0perating Reference DISC (cant) When you initialize the disc, you can specify the number of files allowed on that disc, from 1 to 32 767. After typing in the disc name, enter a comma followed by the desired maximum number of files. For example, the command INIT DISC DISC1,2500 formats the disc, calls it "...
Page 314 H P 3562A during a disc operation, When you press RESTOR CATLOG, the alpha menu is displayed to let you enter the name for the restored catalog, Refer to Chapter 11 before attempting to restore a catalog, RESUME COPY-this softkey has two uses: 1 .
Page 315 Spare blocks on media The functions accessed by this menu are intended for the use of disc serv icing technidans as well as advanced HP 3562A operators who wish to spare blocks and restore catalogs on disc media. SPARE BLOCK-allows you to spare blocks that you have determined to be defec...
Page 316 "" ..� ' " ' I.J as the HP 1310B. DOWN-when the ENABLED indicator in the Entry group is on, the down arrow decrements the active numeric entry. The amount of the decrement depends on the variable being entered, 12·27...
Page 317 For example, if a transducer is calibrated at 10 mV/G, the HP 3562A can be calibrated at 1 0 mV/EU, "G" can be entered as the EU label, and the measurement and the display are then calibrated in Gs, "EU" appears in all appro...
Page 318 START FRED and STOP FRED as a separate pair. E SM PL ON OFF-selects external sampling and displays the SAM PLE FRED soft key. External sarnpling allows you to synchronize the HP 3562A's data acquisition rate to an external signal, such as a tachorneter pulse. See SAMPLE FRED for rnore information.
Page 319 FREQ (cont) FREQ SPAN-used to enter the measurement frequency span. The span must be entered before the measurement is started. A frequency span can also be identified with an X marker band, then entered with the MARKER VALUE key. In the linear, log and time capture modes, the available frequency spans are predefined by the instrument.
Page 320 RANGE remains on and OVER RANGE stays off. For more information see RANGE. HELP-The help mode explains each of the HP 3562As keys and softkeys. To display a description, press HELP followed by the desired key or softkey. Once the help display is on the screen, the front panel returns to normal operation.
Page 321 DISC COPY menu). The disc unit number is saved in non volatile memory and is not erased by power-down or reset. HP-IB ADDRES-used to enter the HP-IB address for the HP 3562A. This can be set to any address from 0 to 31. The address is saved in nonvolatile memory and is not erased by power -down or reset.
Page 322 Bus (HP-IB), The DISC and PLOT keys are used when the instrument is control ling disc drives and plotters, The HP-IB FCTN key is used to view and set addresses, send user service requests, and identify the system controller. The LOCAL key returns front panel control when the instrument is in REMOTE.
Page 323 H P 3562A. All circuits are deactivated when LINE is OFF; nothing is put in a standby mode. L I N E (connector)-connects the HP 3562A to ac line power. Refer to Appendix A for instructions on setting line voltages and installing fuses.
Page 324 MATH (cant) ADD-selects the addition operation, which requires three steps: 1 . Activate trace A or trace B as the first addend. 2. Press MATH, followed by ADD, to select addition. 3. Select TRACE A, TRACE B, SAVED 1, SAVED 2, or a numeric constant as the second addend.
Page 325 (cont) MATH INTGRT-integrates the active trace. The integrated waveform is displayed as soon as the calculation is completed. INTGRT starts the integration at the first point on the X·axis. Compare this with INTGRT INIT a, which sets the first point in the integrated trace to zero then starts integrating at the second point.
Page 326 MATH (cant) REAL PART -displays the real part of complex measurement data. REAL PART dif fers from the REAL coordinate in that this math operation actually deletes the imaginary part of the data. If REAL PART is pressed when the active trace is real-only, there is no change to the trace.
Page 328 Chapter 12-0perating Reference MEAS DlSP (cont) DEMOD POLAR-This display is a plot of the tip of the carrier vector as it is being modulated. The normalized carrier vector can be thought of as extending from - 100,0% to O,O%. The origin of the display, therefore, is at the tip of the at-rest carrier vector.
Page 330 AM CHAN 1-selects AM demodulation for Channel 1. AM CHAN 2-selects AM demodulation for Channel 2. AUTO CRRIER-causes the H P 3562A to automatically calculate the carrier fre quency for FM and PM demodulation. If you have not entered the carrier frequency with USER CRRIER, AUTO CRRIER must be active.
Page 331 MEAS MODE (cont) CAPTUR HEADER�displays the time capture header, This shows the capture setup and relevant instrument state variables for the last capture, CAPTUR LENGTH�used to set the length (up to 10 time records) of the time capture, The length can be set in units of time, revolutions, points or records, To determine the current time record length, look under FREO: REC LGTH in the state display or the capture header, If the length you enter is longer than 10 records, the capture header shows the length actually achieved,...
Page 332 Chapter 12-0perating Reference (coni) MEAS MODE DE MOD CHAN i-selects a demodulation measurement on Channel 1 and displays the demod types menu. DEMOD CHAN 2-selects a demodulation measurement on Channel 2 and displays the demod types menu. DEMOD ON OFF-activates demodulation and displays the DEMOD SELECT soft key.
Page 333 ABORT CAPTU R softkey may be used to abort the capture before it is com pleted, When the capture is finished, the screen shows the entire capture block compressed to one display, The HP 3562A compresses the block by selecting the points containing the most information.
Page 334 Chapter 12-0perating Reference MEAS MODE (cont.) SWEPT SINE-selects the swept sine mode and displays the LINEAR SWEEP, LOG SWEEP and A GAIN ON OFF softkeys. This mode steps a sine wave over a given frequency span while measuring the frequency response at each point The swept sine mode offers auto gain, auto averaging and auto reso·...
Page 335 MEASURING indicator -this LED indicates when the H P 3562A is measuring data, either input signals or digital data from disc or capture memory. NO--represents either "NO" or "0." When the instrument needs a yes or no answer during previewing, this key is automatically converted to NO.
Page 336 Paging control Plot limits The HP 3562A offers direct control of HP,IB compatible digital plotters equipped with Hewlett, Packard Graphics Language (HP,GL), The plot sof f keys provide control of many plotting varl' abies; however, plotting can be as simple as pressing PLOT PRESET and START PLOT ABORT HP,IB-'aborts HP,IB operations, ANNOT A PEN�used to define the pen number for use in plotting the annotation...
Page 337 PLOT AREA-causes the entire screen, including all annotation, to be plotted. This is the normal mode for plotting. PLOT LlMITS--displays the plot limits menu, which is used to select plot or grid area and user·defined or default limits. The aspect ratio of the H P 3562A's dis· play is 4.9:3. 7 (X:Y).
Page 338: Setup State
SET P1 LWR LF-used to specify the location of P1, normally the lower l e ft corner of the plot. When USER LIM ITS i s active, the plotter uses the H P 3562A's defi· nition of the P1 location, not its own. The P1 location is entered as an X,Y coordinate pair separated by a comma.
Page 339 USER LIM ITS-displays the user limits menu and disables the default limits. User lim its allow you te set the P1 and P2 locations using the HP 3562A. Once you redefine the pen locations using this menu, these locations become the plotter's locations.
Page 340 PRESET PRESET-presets the instrument to the current mode and displays the special preset menu. A complete reset to power-on conditions is performed by pressing the RESET softkey in this menu. Pressing the green PRESET key is similar , but it does not change the measurement mode.
Page 341 PRESET (cont) F RESP LOGRES-Presets the instrument to the frequency response measurement in the log resolution mode. Figure 12-3 shows the instrument state display. MEASURE: CHAN CHAN 2 Freq Resp Freq Resp OVERLAP AVERAGE: TYPE A VGS OVFL REJ O f f Avg O f f STOP SPAN...
Page 342: Auto Sequence Table
RESET-Resets the instrument to its power-on default conditions. Figure 12-6 shows the reset instrument state display and additional default conditions. RESET also clears the analyzer's HP-IB command buffer and stops any running auto sequence. L i n e a r...
Page 343 PHt:St:: T (cont) TIME CAPTUR-Presets the instrument to the time capture mode and sets up a 10- record capture on Channel from 0 to 5 kHz. Figure 12-7 shows the ' , nstru ment state d'B.o12,V. � T i m e C a p t u r e CHAN CHAN 2...
Page 344 Chanter 12-0perating Reference RANGE RANGE--displays the range menu, which is used te select autoranging or manual ranging fer each input channel. Setting the input range is critical fer making distortion-free meas urements with optimum sensitivity and amplitude resolution. The range should be set at such a level that the input signal stays in the top half ofthe range.
Page 345 REMOTE indicator -indicates when the H P 3562A is in the HP-IB remote mode. In this mode, the instrument is under the control of an external controller on the HP-IB. When REMOTE is on, all keys and softkeys (except the key) are disabled.
Page 346 vnapter 12-Uperatlng Heterence SCALE SCALE-displays the scale menu, which is used to specify the horizontal and vertical display scales or to select autoscaling. Chapter 8 offers more information on the display scal ing features. X AUTO SCALE-selects X autoscaling, which sets the horizontal axis to one of three scales: 1 .
Page 347 FREQ RESP--selects the frequency response measurement This indicates the gain and phase shift olthe system under test In the HP 3562A, Channel 1 meas' ures the system's input, and Channel 2 measures its output Because this is a dual,channel measurement, both channels are activated when it is...
Page 348 This source synchroniza· tion Signal is available at the rear panel SYNC OUT connector. TRIG LEVEL-used to specify the amplitude level at which the H P 3562A triggers off the trigger signal. Press TRIG LEVEL and enter the level using the Entry group.
Page 349 CUll v l li;;l. (J ltH 1t:... - V (J t:1 I !::! nt:It:I t:IIl.. t: SINGLE to SOURCE SINGLE�puts the active trace into the single display format. If both traces are active, trace A is displayed. SOURCE�displays the source menu, which is used to set the source amplitude and select the type of source signal.
Page 350 SWEEP HOLD-halts the sweep without stopping the measurement. When this is pressed, the H P 3562A continues to rneasure at the point where the sweep stopped. The display is updated as each average is calculated, but the accumulated average is erased at the end of each measurement.
Page 351 RAMP TIME softkey. Changing the source level with the entry knob overrides source protect. PwrSRO ON OFF-when this is on, the instrument outputs an SRO to the HP-IB when power is switched on. For instructions on handling the SRO, refer to the The state of this softkey is saved in non...
Page 352 (cont) SPCL FCTN SELF TEST-you can perform this test to ensure that the HP 3562A is operating prop erly. The self test must be run from a reset instrument state. This test takes about two minutes and finishes by calibrating the input channels. The self test does not erase any data stored in nonvolatile memory (e.g., the syn...
Page 353 .., '<,.1 , 1"" , , ..-""'''' .., .. " 'l:1 , .'''' , ... , ......SPCLMARKER SPCl MARKER-displays the special markers menu, which offers the following markers and marker calculations: Harmonics Sidebands...
Page 354 SLOPE-shows the slope of the active trace at the current X marker position. If the X marker band is active, the H P 3562A calculates the least squares average of the area in the band and shows its slope.
Page 355 Only those harmonics inside the display scale are included in the calculation. X FCTN OFF-turns off the special marker functions. SRQ (indicator)-this LED indicates when the H P 3562A has issued a service request (SRQ) to the HP-IB. Chapter 6 in the provides infor...
Page 356 Vl lal-'l�1 1C.-V!Jt:: f C1llrIY SYNTH (coni) SYNTH-displays the synthesis menu. The H P 3562A can synthesize frequency response curves containing up to 40 poles and 40 zeros. Data can be entered in pole/zero, pole/residue or polynomial formats. You can also synthesize constants for use in math operations.
Page 357 .., , ..1-'....1"" "" -"" ;:7 ' , � , - , � " �- SYNTH (conI) DELETE VALUE-deletes the edit value in the synthesis table. The edit value is selected with E DIT DENOM#, EDIT N U M ER#, EDIT POLE#, EDIT RESDU# OR EDIT ZERO# (depending on the type of synthesis).
Page 358 TALK indicator -this LED indicates that the H P 3562A is in the HP-IB tal k mode. TRIG ARMED indicator -this LED indicates that the trigger has been armed. If ARM AU MAN is set to AU (auto arm), the trigger is armed automatically. If it is set to MAN (manual arm), the key in the Status group must be pressed to arm the trigger.
Page 359 TRIG DELA Y -displays the trigger delay menu, which is used to specify pre- or post-trigger delay. The H P 3562A allows up to 4095 samples (4094 for zoom) of pre-trigger delay and up to 102,400 samples of post-trigger delay. Pre-trigger delay allows the measure...
Page 360 When TRACE TITLE is pressed, the H P 3562A shifts into the alpha mode. In this mode, the keys are converted to their blue labels and the alpha menu is displayed.
Page 361 Chapter 12-0perating Reference UNITS (cont.) to UPPER LOWER V/.jHz (.jPSD)-displays the trace in volts divided by the square root olthe frequency (equivalent filter noise bandwidth). which is the square root of the power spectral density. V2/Hz (PSD)-displays the trace in volts squared divided by frequency (equivalent filter noise bandwidth), which normalizes the power to 1 Hz.
Page 362: Throughput File (1 Record)
vnapH::: 1 1'::: : - UfJ�1 C;:tllliH ntllt: : l t:: l ll.it:: VIEW INPUT VIEW INPUT-displays the view input menu, which are used to view the signals present at the inputs. These displays show the signals before they are filtered to the current fre quency span or measured.
Page 363 The HP 3562A offers Hanning, flat top, uniform, force, exponential and user-defined win dows. Note that windowing is applicable only to the linear resolution and time capture modes.
Page 364 Chapter 12-Operating Reference WINDOW (cont) FLAT TOP-selects the flat top window for both input channels. The flat top window offers greater amplitude accuracy but lower frequency resolution than the Hanning. It is generally used when a component's amplitude must be measured accurately, such as when usinq a fixed sine stimulus.
Page 365 GUll vl ld tJ lt>1 I.c.-\,JPOI I� • • v .., .., , .."" X-activates the X (horizonta l ) marker and displays its menu. When active, theX marker appears as an intensified dot which is moved across the acti v e trace(s) with the Markers knob. M arker bands can also be activated to identify portions of the trace and to make rela...
Page 366 Chapter 12-0perating Reference X (conl,) lo Y X AUTO SCALE-automatically adjusts the horizontal scale to display all measured data, The Nichols, Nyquist and phase coordinates and the ORBITS T1vsT2 measurement display have special autoscaling features; refer to "Scaling the Display" in Chapter 8 for more information, This softkey is duplicated in menu for convenience, SCALE X MRKR SCALE-changes the horizontal scale to the range currently defined by the...
Page 367 - · ·�·r · � · Y (cont) to YES HOLD Y OFF-performs one of two functions: 1) If one of the three HOLD Y modes is acti v e and a band has been expanded, pressing HOLD Y OFF disables any further expansion or contraction of the band.
Page 368 Appendix A GENERAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTION This appendix contains several topics to help you operate the HP 3562A correctly and safely, from initial inspection through storage and shipment: 1 . Initial inspection 2. Operating environment 3. Accessories and options 4. Installation 5.
Page 369 Refer to "Line Voltage and Fuse Selection. " The H P 3562A can be operated from any single phase ac power source supplying: 87V to 12611, 48 to 440 Hz (115V Voltage Selector setting) 196V to 253V, 48 to 66 Hz (230V Voltage Selector setting) Power consumption is less than 250 VA.
Page 370 "umh", ,how" lot the plug " the ,,,dumy ,dent,!;e, fo, the plug only The numo", ,hewn fo, the cahle " on HP part number for " complet� cBble mtludmg tfte plug "Ul i" t�d fo' u,e in the United Stote; of America...
Page 371 However, the instrument should be protected from temperature extremes which cause condensation. Altitude The H P 3562A can be operated at altitudes up to 4572 meters (15,000 feet). Cooling Fan The HP 3562A is equipped with a cooling fan mounted on the rear panel. The instrument should be mounted so that air can freely circulate through it.
Page 372 HP catalog OPTIONS Table A-3 lists the options available for the H P 3562A. These options may be ordered with the instrument by ordering the option number. They may also be ordered after the instrument has been purchased by ordering the option part number.
Page 373 Support Offices is included at the end of this manual. The H P 3562A is shipped with plastic feet attached, ready for use as a bench instrument. The feet allow full-width instruments to be stacked securely. Because of its weight. the instrument is not equipped with a tilt stand.
Page 374 Appendix A - General Information Installation e. Using two people, lift the H P 3562A to its position in the rack on top of the instrument support rails. Using the appropriate screws, fasten the rack-mount flanges to the front of the instrument rack.
Page 375 Appendix A - General Information Performance Verification PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION After the HP 3562A has been installed, you can verify is operation in two steps. First, attach the power cord to the connector on the rear panel and press the switch ON. The display LINE should appear as in figure A-2.
Page 376 System Connection Figure U p to 15 instruments can be connected on an HP-IB system. The H P 10833 HP-IB cables have identical piggy-back connectors on each end so that several cables can be connected to a single source without special adapters or switch boxes. System components and devices can be connected in virtually any configuration.
Page 377 English fasteners are colored silver_ DO NOT attempt to connect black and silver fas· teners, or damage to cable and instrument will result. For complete instructions on using the H P 3562A with the HP-IB, refer to the 3562A Programming Manual.
Page 378 Appendix A - General Information Operator Maintenance OPERATOR MAINTENANCE This section explains several maintenance tasks that can be performed safely by all HP 3562A operators. Cleaning the Front Panel CAUTION Harsh chemical cleaners such as acetone and lacquer thin ner will destroy the front panel of the HP 3562A, including the display screen and the keycaps.
Page 379 & Shipment STORAGE AND SHIPMENT Environment The HP 3562A should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment: Temperature . _ 400 C to + 75° C U p t0 90% Humidity .
Page 380 Appendix A - General Information Storage and Shipment CAUTION Styrene pellets in any shape should never be used as packing material for electronic Instruments. The pellets do not ade quately cushion the instrument and do not prevent the instru ment from shifting in the carton. The pellets also create static electricity that can damage electronic components.
Page 382 STATUS MESSAGES The H P 3562A displays status messages at various times to inform you of its current state. These messages are displayed in the lower right corner of the screen in bold capital letters. The second part of this appendix lists the status messages alphabetically with explanations.
Page 383 If the error message was displayed during recall, was created or transferred, there may be a problem power may have been lost while the auto sequence with your HP-IB cabling, or the storage medium may was created or transferred, there may be a problem need replacing.
Page 384 .servicing. have been lost during the throughput session, there Bad Primitive Block (134) may be a problem with your HP-IB cabling, or the storage medium may need replacing. Occurs when a primitive block is loaded into the ana lyzer and its header is not valid, the amount of data...
Page 385 Alpha Delimiter Expected (204) more catalog space without erasing the entire disc. Occurs when an alpha entry is attempted via HP-IB If you need to store or create the file on this particular and the command was not terminated by an accept...
Page 386 To avoid the error, verify spelling of the desired file Occurs when the MARKER VALUE key is pressed name and verify that it is an HP 3562A file, Chapter 11 and a marker is not on, has information on file handling,...
Page 387 No Peak Avg in HIST Meas (100) (display buffer active clear) or DBAA (display buffer Occurs when the correlation measurement is active append). Chapter 6 in the 3562A Program selected and peak hold or continuous peak explains the steps for using display ming Manual averaging is active.
Page 388 Nol Active Softkey (200) a catalog initialized on it. Occurs when malking a selection via HP-IB and the To correctthis error, first verify that it is the proper disc, function in question is not active. For example, you then restore or initialize the catalog as necessary.
Page 389 Occurs when selecting a Subset/80 format option 256/bytes sector. This i s the only sector size compati that is not valid for this disc. ble with the HP 3562A. (See the "Formatting Discs" To correct the error, refer to your disc drive's manual in Chapter 11.) for acceptable val u es.
Page 390 Unknown Mnemonic (201) To correct this error, review the source and destination addresses and unit numbers and change them so Occurs when sending an HP-IB command that the they are no longer equal. analyzer does not recognize. To correct this error, review the command string that Thrupt Data Too Long (129) generated the error message and change the incor...
Page 391 SELF TEST softkey is pressed. As with power-on, if the message disappears after several seconds, the analyzer is operating properly, However, if a test failure indication is displayed in either case, the analyzer needs servicing, Refer to the HP 3562A Service Manual for more information, 8-10...
Page 392 Displayed when an external reference signal is Displayed while a plot is in progress. The plot can applied and the analyzer is not phase-locked to it. be aborted by pressing the ABORT HP-IB softkey. Refer to "Ref In (connector)" in Chapter for the Chapter has information on using a plotter.
Page 393 Press ABORT HP-IB to halt access. Chapter has more information on using disc drives. You should also verify your HP-IB addressing and cabling. WAITING FOR Hp·IB Displayed when the analyzer is waiting for a response from a device on the bus.
Page 394 HP 3562A SPECIFICATIONS peCifications describe the instrument's warranted perform Amplitude ance. Supplemental characteristics are intended to provide information useful in applying the instrument by giving typi Accuracy: Defined as Full Scale Accuracy at any of the cal, but non-warranted, performance specifications. Supple...
Page 395 Soecifications 3 and 4 are input degrade Cases connections which ampli Phase tude accuracy For these cases, the amplitude accuracy speci with fIed above must be modified the accuracy adders stated Accuracy: Sinqle channel, input connections as specified below. above in Cases 1 and referenced to trigger point.
Page 396 SH1 AH1 T5 T EO L4 LEO SR1 RL 1 PPO DC1 DT1 CO Post·Trigger: The measurement is initiated from 1 to 65,536 Supports the 91XX and 794X families of HP disc drives as samples (1/2048 to 32 time records) after the trigger conditions well as Hewlett·Packard Graphics Language (HP-GL)
Page 397 Verso Filler Page ♦ ♦...
Page 398 PURPOSE OF THIS APPENDIX This appendix provides diagrams of the H P 3562A's softkey menus. Each diagram is a "map" that allows you to view all the softkeys under a particular key. Several menus are variable (they depend on other softkey selections); in these cases, notes are provided to explain the cause of each variance.
Page 399 Verso Filler Page ♦ ♦...
Page 400 Appendix D-Menu Diagrams WHEN OR @IJ WHEN FILE FILE ALPHA DELETE MENU IS PRESSED AND CATALOG IS PRESSED IS DISPLAYED ., LABEL ENTER ENTER ASEQ MATH LINE � � ASEQ POINTR RETURN CANCEL � EDIT EDIT (LINEAR RESOLUTION MODE) ( L OG RESOLUTION MODE) ( S WEPT SINE MODE) ( T IME CAPTURE MODE) FST AV...
Page 401 Appendix D-Menu Diagrams [][] []A[] FILE (dB( � J!!!. � NICHOL (dBm) []!] ( l OG) [][] ( L IN) DISC PAGE PHASE � PAGE LINE PAGE CATLOG SPARE IMAG IMAGE POINTR BACKUP BL O C K RETURN RETURN RETURN RETURN NEXT RETURN...
Page 402 Appendix D-Menu Diagrams CE ! � APPEAR ONLY IF CE I � CHAN1 IS ACTIV� GROUND ED I CHANi ED I AEGlP I � NEGATE CHAN2 RETURN I APPEAR ONLY IF IS ACTI V E � RECALL ( L IN RES) (LOG RES) (SWEPT SINE) (TIME CAPTURE) �...
Page 403 Appendix D-Menu Diagrams (LINEAR RES (LINEAR RES (LINEAR RES (LINEAR RES {LINEAR RES (LINEAR RES (LOG RES (LOG RES (SWEPT SINE) (TIME CAPTURE (TIME CAPTURE (TIME CAPTURE HISTOGRAM) AUTO CORA) FREG RESP POWER SPEC) CROSS CORA) AUTO CORR} HISTOGRAM) FAEG RESP) POWER SPEC) POWER SPEC) FREQ RESP TIME AVG OFF) TIME AVG ON)
Page 404 Oi a gr&ms Appendix O-Menu � LINEAR RES � TIME CAPTUA ( A PPEARS IF THRUPT IS ON) OO� ��E � �� DEMO D I I ( A PPEAAS � N r AIN I � ( A PPEARS IF DEMOD IS ON) USER �...
Page 405 Appendix D-Menu Diagrams � S ELECT TRIG ( S WEPT SINE) { L INEAR RES ( L OG RES) TIME CAPTURE) & TRIG LEVEL � � OFFSET TIME AUMAN � H,M,S M, D , Y SLOPE I RETURN I � VALUE �\ 1 Nl lilOW...
Page 408 HP 3562A MEASUREMENT PROCESS INTRODUCTION This appendix explains how the H P 3562A makes its measurements. It is intended as a con ceptual explanation to help you understand how selections you make from the front panel affect the internal operation on the analyzer. It is not intended to provide detailed information about the analyzer's operation.
Page 409 FROM INPUT SIGNAL TO DISPLAY TRACE This section explains how the HP 3562A takes your input signal and gives you back a trace on the display. This process is divided into three stages: anaJog to digitaJ conversion, measure ment, and display. Figure E-1 shows a conceptuaJ block diagram of the generaJ linear resolu...
Page 410 ADC may miss lower amplitude signals, These requirements emphasize the importance of correct input range and the advantage of the HP 3562A's auto ranging features, When the analog signal has been converted to digital data and properly scaled, the measurement stage begins,...
Page 411 ADC. By sampling at a fixed rate and using the digital filter to collect the data needed for each span, the HP 3562A needs only one fixed anti-aliasing filter to protect all frequency spans.
Page 412 2048 points. while a power spectrum has 801. The vector display used in the HP 3562A is fixed at 1601 display points. so the analyzer must compress or expand each data trace to fit it on the display.
Page 413 UI::>t'LAY:S: INt'U I, t-ILI �H.I:U, ANU Mt:A:SUHt:Mt:N I The frequency domain displays show the time domain information transformed to the fre quency domain with the FFT. This is still an instantaneous display. Also, note that this is a linear spectrum, not a power spectrum (which is the result of the FFT plus a measurement process.) Note that Chapter 1 has examples of each of these displays.
Page 414 Linear res mode, 1-11 ADD VALUE (synthesis), 9-20, 12-67 Addition, 9-2 Time capture, 4-12 Auto correlation measurement ADDRES ONLY, 11-2, 12-32 Addresses, HP-IB, 11-3 Linear res modet 1-10 Addressing disc drives, 11-12 Time capture, 4-12 Aliasing AUTO CRRIER see also USER CRRIER...
Page 415 ING INDEX Auto seqyuence programs Band markers Overview, 10-1 see Marker bands Band selectable analysis (BSA) Audible beeps in, 10-6 Creating, 10-2 see Zoom measurements Indefinite processes in, 10-1 Band-limiting, 1-24 Running, 10-2 BEEPER OFF, 12-62 Toggle entries in, 10-1 Burst chirp signal Saving to disc, 10-7 Linear res mode, 1-24, 1-25...
Page 416 Peak continuous function 12-58 CONTROL Group, 12-13 CHANI AC DC, 7-2, 12-33 Controlling other HP-IB devices, 11-32 CHANI DELAY, 7-6, 12-70 Converting synthesis tables, 9-22 CHANI INPUT, 7-5, 12-59 CONVRT TABLE (synthesis), 9-18, 9-22, 12-6'7 CHAN! RANGE, f-3, U-i)i>...
Page 418 FAULT LOG (disc service only), 1 1-23, 11-29, 12-22 ENGR UNITS, 7-8, 12-28 Fault log (service diagnostics) ENTER (alpha menu) see HP 3562A Service Manual see also Alpha menu FFT (math function), 9-3, 9-13, 12-35 12-2 FFT-1 (inveroe FFT), 9-3, 9-13, 12-35...
Page 419 OPERATING INDEX FORCE CHAN 1 Frequency response synthesis see Synthesis Linear res mode, 1-27, 1-29 Time capture, 4-15 Frequency spans 12-75 Linear res mode, 1-12, 1-21 FORCE CHAN 2 Swept sine mode, 3-6 Linear res mode, 1-27, 1-29 Relation to time record length, 1-22 Time capture, 4-15 Log res mode, 2-11, 2-12 12-75...
Page 420 Use in creating bands, 8-13 Time throughput, 6-11 Use in relative measurements, 8-11 INSERT ON OFF HOLD Y UPPER, 8-16,12-78 see also Alpha menu HP logo, plotting, 11-6 HP-lB ADDRES, 11-3, 12-32 12-2 HP-IB addresses, 11-3 Inspection, A-I INST HP-IB cables, A-lO...
Page 421 OPERATING INDEX Linear averaging MANUAL PRVIEW, 1-33, 1-37, 12-10 Linear res mode, 1�35 Manual sweep, 3-8 LINEAR RES see also Sweep hold MANUAL SWEEP, 3-8, 12-60 To activate throughput, 6-9 Marker bands Creating, 8-13 12-43 Linear resolution mode Relative marker measurements, MARKER PEN, 11-8, 12-48 Linear resolution mode MARKER VALUE, 8-13, 12-34...
Page 422 OPERATING INDEX ORBITS Tlv,T2 Measurements, selecting Linear res mode, 1-17, 1-19 Linear resolution mode, 1-2 Log res mode, 2- With COORD menu, 8-4 Scaling, 8-11 Time capture, 4-11 MEASURING (Indic.tor LED), 12-46 12-40 Menu diagrams, D-J Orders CAL, 8-6, 12-71 Menu maps, D-l Orders (Revs), 8-6, 12-71 Messages...
Page 423 OPERATING INDEX POWER SPEC 1 Peak continuous function Linear res mode, 1-3, 1-6, 1-8, 1-9 Linear res mode, 1-34 Log res mode, 2-18 Log res mode, 2-5, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10 Time capture, 4-11 Time capture, 4-12 PEAK HOLD Swept sine mode, 3-13 Linear res mode, 1-32 12-40 Log res mode, 2-16...
Page 424 OPERATING INDEX RANDOM NOISE RUN TM LOG, 11-23, 12-26 Linear res m ode, 1-24 SAMPLE FREQ Log res mode, 2-14 Linear res mode, 1-21, 1-23 Time capture, 4-6 Time capture, 4-5 12-61 12-30 RANGE, 7-3, 12-55 Sampling rate READ PEN PI, 11-11, 12-49 With external sampling, 1-23 ->...
Page 425 OPERATING INDEX Source signals SERVCE TEST see HP 3562A Service Manual see Source output signals SOURCE TRIG, 7-5, 12-59 SET PI LWR LF, 11-11, 12-49 SPACE BACKWD, 12-2 SET P2 UPR RT, 11-11, 12-49 see also Alpha menu Shipment, A-12...
Page 426 OPERATING INDEX THRUPT HEADER, 6-9, 6-12, 12-45 STATE TRACE, 8-12, 12-66 STATUS Group. 12-66 THRUPT LENGTH Relation to THRUPT SIZE, 6-9 Status messages Setting length, 6-9 Introduction to, B-1 12-45 Alpbabetical list, B-IO thru B-12 'THRUPT ON OFF, 6-9, 12-45 STOP FIT, 9-24, 9-31, 12-19 THRUPT SELECT, 6-9, 12-45 STOP FREQ, 3-5, 12-30...
Page 427 9-27, 9-30, 12-20 TRACE TITLE, 8-6, 8-9, 12-71 User-defined windows TRACE A, 9- TRACE B, 9- see also HP 3562A Programming Manual TRACE A PEN, 11-8, 12-50 Linear res mode, 1-21, 1-31 TRACE B PEN, 11-8, 12-50 Time capture, 4-15 Transfer function V2s/H.
Page 428 OPERATING INDEX VOLTS PEAK Power spectrum units menu, 8-7 With previewing, 1-37 12-78 Linear spectrum units menu, 8-8 Swept units menu, 8-8 Y-axis scaling, 8-11 12-72 ZERO START VOLTS RMS Linear res mode, 1-21 Power spectrum units menu, 8-7 Time capture, 4-5 Linear spectrum units menu, 8-8 12-31 Swept units menu, 8-8...

HP 3562A Operating Manual

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: General Operation

Chapter 5: Spectrum Analysis with Demodulation

Chapter 8: Block-Operation Waveform Math

Saving Files on Disc

Quick Links

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Summary of Contents for HP 3562A

Table of Contents