Summary of Contents for PerkinElmer RamanMicro 300 Series
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MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY RamanMicro 300 Series Getting Started Guide...
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The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Except as specifically set forth in its terms and conditions of sale, PerkinElmer makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide . 3 Table of Contents Introduction ....................5 About This Manual ..................6 Conventions Used in this Manual ..............7 Notes, Cautions and Warnings ..............7 Safety Practices ..................11 Overview ....................12 General Operating Conditions ................ 13 Environmental Conditions ................
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Cleaning the Spectrometer and Power Supply Units ........92 Maintenance and Service of the Microscope ..........93 Replacing the Stage Controller Fuse ............... 94 Troubleshooting ..................95 Hardware ..................... 95 Software ....................98 Decontamination ..................100 WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products ..........101...
6 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide About This Manual This Getting Started Guide contains all of the information that you will need to setup your RamanMicro 300 Raman microscope and start collecting spectra. The RamanMicro 300 Raman microscope is used in conjunction with the RamanStation 400F Raman spectrometer, or with the RamanFlex 400 Series Raman spectrometer.
UPPERCASE text, for example ENTER or ALT, refers to keys on the PC keyboard. '+' is used to show that you have to press two keys at the same time, for example, ALT+F. All eight digit numbers are PerkinElmer part numbers unless stated otherwise. The term instrument means the RamanMicro 300 Raman Microscope.
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8 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide We use the term CAUTION to inform you about situations that could CAUTION result in serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. Caution (Achtung) Bedeutet, daß...
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Introduction . 9 We use the term WARNING to inform you about situations that could result in personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. WARNING Warning (Warnung) Bedeutet, daß es bei Nichtbeachten der genannten Anweisung zu einer Verletzung des Benutzers kommen kann.
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10 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide...
All information provided herein is for reference only. All information is believed to be correct and complete. PerkinElmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein nor damages concerned with the use of this document. PerkinElmer does not accept liability for the interpretation of information resulting, either directly or indirectly, from our spectrometers or associated software interfaces.
General Operating Conditions The RamanMicro 300 microscope has been designed and tested in accordance with PerkinElmer specifications and in accordance with the safety requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The RamanMicro 300 system meets the requirements of EC directive 2006/95/EC (low voltage directive).
14 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Environmental Conditions The instrument has been designed to be safe under the following conditions: • Indoor use; • Altitude up to 2000 m; • Ambient temperatures of 5 °C to 40 °C; Mains fluctuations not exceeding ±10% of the nominal voltage. •...
Safety Practices . 15 Electrical Safety Power Cords The power cords supplied to connect the microscope to the power point (socket) should be appropriate for the country listed as the shipping destination. If the power cord is not appropriate for your country it must be removed from use immediately and replaced.
If the protective covers or service panels on the instrument appear to be damaged, turn the instrument off, secure it against any unauthorized WARNING operation and contact PerkinElmer for advice before using the instrument again. The RamanMicro 300 emits a focused beam of laser radiation at 785 nm from the microscope objective lens.
Safety Practices . 17 Class 3B Safety Precautions You should follow Class 3B laser safety precautions such as the use of door interlocks and the wearing of laser safety goggles. For information on these precautions refer to an appropriately trained laser safety officer within your own facility. Laser safety is very important.
18 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide General Laser Safety Issues Laser Keyswitch There is a captive laser key control switch on the rear panel of the RamanStation, or the front panel of the RamanFlex. This key is required to operate the laser. A laser safety officer or laboratory manager should control the use of this key.
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Use protective laser safety goggles, with an OD (optical density) of at least 3 at 785 nm, • as a precaution against accidental exposure to the direct or reflected laser light. Suitable goggles are available from PerkinElmer (part number L1323518); • Use an interlock switch on the door to the laboratory, if required.
20 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Warning Labels When this label is attached to an instrument it means refer to the manual to find out the nature of the potential hazard and any actions which have to be taken. Labels on the Exterior of the Microscope CAUTION –...
22 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide The History of Raman Spectroscopy Inelastic light scattering was first predicted in 1923 by A. G. Smekal in Germany. Research carried out by A. H. Compton discovered inelastic scattering of X-rays, which led the Indian scientist C.
Raman History, Theory and Instrumentation . 23 Raman Theory When photons from a monochromatic light source impinge on a sample, a small fraction are scattered in all directions. Some of the scattered photons are of the same energy as those of the incident beam, and hence the same frequency, giving rise to Rayleigh scattering (Figure 3).
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24 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide The change between the incident radiation and the Stokes/Anti-Stokes radiation represents a change in the vibrational and/or rotational energy of the molecule. The frequency shifts from the frequency of the incident beam are displayed on the x-axis of a Raman spectrum, generally in relative wavenumbers (otherwise known as Raman Shift) and the intensity of the bands are displayed in arbitrary units on the y-axis.
Raman History, Theory and Instrumentation . 25 The RamanMicro 300 The RamanMicro 300 Raman microscope is used in conjunction with either the RamanStation 400F Raman spectrometer, or the RamanFlex 400 Series Raman spectrometers. When used with the RamanStation 400F, use the sample compartment in the RamanStation to measure your macroscopic samples, and to measure samples on the microscope use the RamanMicro 300.
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26 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Optical head Laser RamanMicro 300 CCD detector Spectrograph Spectrometer module Figure 7 Schematic of the RamanMicro 300 connected to the RamanStation 400F or RamanFlex 400...
Raman History, Theory and Instrumentation . 27 The Echelle Spectrograph Figure 8 Schematic of the Echelle Spectrograph The RamanMicro 300 is connected to the Echelle spectrometer in the RamanStation 400F or RamanFlex 400 Series. The spectrometer contains two components; the Echelle spectrograph and a two ̵...
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No light is lost, all the light goes onto the detector, and all the strips are read out simultaneously. The concept of an Echelle detector is not unique to PerkinElmer. Echelle detectors are commonly used in applications where high resolution...
See Olympus manual 1.6 A T (time-lag) If the electricity supply does not conform to these specifications, please consult PerkinElmer prior to installation. If the supply of power is erratic please use an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Incorrect shutdown, power fluctuations or brown-outs may damage the...
Preparing Your Facility . 31 PC Requirements The following pages provide details of the requirements for the PC that will run the Spectrum software and communicate with the Raman instruments. If you have purchased a RamanMicro 300 at the same time as a RamanStation 400F or RamanFlex 400 Series, you only need to install the software once according to the Getting Started Guide instructions provided in the...
32 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Software Requirements Operating System Spectrum requires that Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2 operating system is installed on the PC before you install the software. We have specified Windows XP Professional because it is a robust, industry strength operating system that provides inbuilt security and auditing.
Preparing Your Facility . 33 Finding a Suitable Location for the RamanMicro 300 The following conditions should be observed: The environment must be suitable for a Class 3B laser system. • If your RamanMicro 300 has a manual stage there must be 1 power point for the •...
34 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Instrument Dimensions The RamanMicro 300 microscope module weighs approximately 20 kg. Laboratory benching must be strong enough to support the combined weight of the microscope, spectrometer and any ancillary equipment without warping or wobbling. 520 mm 430 mm 370 mm...
When unpacked, check the RamanMicro 300 microscope system for any physical damage. If there is any damage, do not continue with the installation. Contact your PerkinElmer Service Representative immediately. Part Number...
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Z-axis Adapter Cable (systems with motorized stages only) LX108897 SpectrumIMAGE Software Kit (systems with motorized stages only) NOTE: You instrument is intended for installation by a PerkinElmer Service Engineer. There are no user-serviceable parts in the RamanMicro 300. The following sections are provided for your information only.
38 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Lifting the Instrument The RamanMicro 300 microscope module weighs 20 kg. To avoid injury or damage to the instrument, please use proper lifting techniques. To lift and/or move the instrument safely requires two people. WARNING Always hold the instrument under the base when you lift it.
(Figure 11). Fixing screw Figure 11 Fitting the stage 5. Replace the objective nosepiece. If you have a manual stage, you can upgrade to a motorized stage at any time. For more information contact your PerkinElmer representative.
40 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Connecting the Motorized Stage The motorized stage is powered by the stage controller box (L1860289) and joystick (L1865723). Figure 12 Stage controller and joystick To connect the motorized stage: 1. Connect the cable from the joystick to the socket labeled JOYSTICK on the rear panel of the stage controller box (Figure 13).
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 41 Attaching the Z-axis Focus Motor and Sleeve NOTE: If you have the optional Raman microscope light-proof enclosure, you may find it easier to attach the z-axis focus motor and sleeve before fitting the enclosure. If you install the enclosure first, you will need to pass the cable through the enclosure.
42 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Attaching the Illumination Source To attach the illumination source to the illuminator module: 1. Hold the illumination source in position against the rear of the illuminator module. 2. Using the allen key supplied (Figure 15), fasten the two screws so that the source is supported.
Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 43 Connecting the Raman Module to the Microscope The Raman module is positioned on top of the illuminator module so that the connecter bracket is aligned above the mounting hole. Ensure that the side of the Raman module is aligned with the illuminator module and then tighten the grub screw.
44 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Connecting the RamanMicro 300 to the Spectrometer Module The microscope is connected to the spectrometer module in the RamanStation or RamanFlex by two fiber optic cables. The excitation fiber transmits the laser energy from the spectrometer to the microscope, and the collection cable transmits the collected Raman data back to the detector.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 45 Make sure that the polarizing ridge on the fiber optic cable is aligned with the slot in the coupler casing before carefully pushing the cable into the coupler. Polarizing ridge Coupler aligned with slot Fiber optic cable Figure 19 Connecting the fiber optic cable 2.
46 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Installing Spectrum Software Before you Start If you have purchased a RamanMicro 300 at the same time as a RamanStation 400F or RamanFlex 400 Series, you only need to install the software once according to the Getting Started Guide instructions provided in the supplied with the instrument.
37 onwards, is required. If you are upgrading an existing system with a RamanMicro 300, you will require the assistance of a PerkinElmer Service Engineer to upgrade various configuration files. The Installation Wizard helps you install the software on your PC.
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48 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide When the installer is ready, the Welcome dialog is displayed. Software Requirements If your PC does not meet the software requirements given in starting on page 31, an appropriate error message will inform you of the problem. You will need to correct this problem before the installation can be performed.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 49 6. Select the required product(s) and then enter the License Number(s) as found on the Software License Certificate. You must enter the correct license number(s) to proceed with the installation. If you enter an incorrect license number the Next button is disabled. The Spectrum Beer’s Law check box is automatically selected when you select the Spectrum check box.
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50 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide When the installation is complete, the InstallShield Wizard Completed page is displayed. 9. Click Finish. Before you can collect spectra you must configure your Raman instrument. Raman Instrument Installation Disk 10. Place your (LX108925) into your CD drive.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 51 12. Enter d:\setup.exe and then click OK. Replace d:\ with the drive letter for your CD. The InstallShield Wizard dialog appears while the system is preparing to install the software. When the installer is ready, the Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard for Raman Instrument page is displayed.
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52 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 15. Click Install to begin installing the Raman instrument. The Installing Raman Instrument page is briefly displayed. During this installation, the DirectX Setup page is displayed.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 53 16. Read the license and if you accept the terms, click Yes. The Installing Raman Instrument page is displayed again, which informs you of the status of the installation. 17. Click Next. The Raman Instrument Install Wizard opens at the Welcome page. NOTE: Ensure that the USB cable from your alignment camera (on the RamanStation and/or the microscope) is not connected into the USB socket in the sample compartment of the RamanStation.
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If you have already installed PerkinElmer software on the PC, the PerkinElmer Login dialog is displayed. Login as a PerkinElmer Software Administrator. Use the Administrator User name that you use for the PerkinElmer software that is already installed on the PC. The default User name and Password are administrator.
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If your configuration files have already been installed on your PC, click Browse and navigate to their location before you click Copy Configuration Files. The Install PerkinElmer Raman Instrument page is displayed. 23. Attach your RamanStation to the PC using the supplied USB 2.0 cable (L1320821).
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56 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 24. Wait until the Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed. 25. Select No, not this time and then click Next. The Found New Hardware Wizard page is displayed. NOTE: The Found New Hardware Wizard page may inform you that it is helping you install software for USB Device.
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C:\Program Files\PerkinElmer\ServiceIR\Raman. 28. Click Next. The Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed. 29. Click Finish. The Found New Hardware Wizard closes. 30. On the Install PerkinElmer Raman Instrument page, click Continue. The Instrument Installation Complete page is displayed.
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58 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 31. Click Finish. The Raman Instrument Installer closes. When the installation is complete, the InstallShield Wizard Completed page is displayed. 32. Click Finish. The Raman Instrument Installer Information dialog is displayed. 33. Click No. 34.
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36. If you have a Videology alignment camera, you will need to install the Videology USB2.0 Viewer. Go to Step 37. If not, go to Step 45. 37. Navigate to C:\Program Files\PerkinElmer\ServiceIR\Raman\Videology and double-click on Autorun.exe. The Welcome to Videology USB2.0 Camera Installation Wizard page is displayed.
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60 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 40. Click Finish. The Videology USB2.0 Camera Software Setup page is displayed. 41. Click Install Viewer. The Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard for Videology USB Viewer is displayed.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 61 42. Click Next. The Choose Destination Location page is displayed. 43. If required, click Change and navigate to your chosen destination folder and then click Next. The Ready to Install the Program page is displayed.
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62 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 44. Click Install. The Setup Status page is displayed. When the installation is complete, the InstallShield Wizard Complete page is displayed. 45. Click Finish. 46. Restart your PC. This completes the installation of the Spectrum software. NOTE: You should not allow the PC to enter Standby mode.
Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 63 Alignment of the Microscope Do not disconnect the microscope from the spectrometer. Only trained PerkinElmer Service Engineers should attach and remove the fiber optic cables that connect the two modules. WARNING The RamanMicro 300 system consists of three primary components: The microscope;...
Level (ii) and level (iii) may be carried out without removing any instrument paneling. Level (i) requires removal of instrument paneling and must only be carried out by an appropriately trained PerkinElmer Service Engineer, and in a Class 3B environment. Aligning the Video Camera The crosshairs displayed on the Alignment Camera window in the Spectrum software represent the position of the laser.
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Installing Your RamanMicro 300 . 65 10. Loosen the 4 screws on the top plate of the Raman module until the camera is just free to move (Figure 21). Figure 21 Top view of the microscope showing the screws used to adjust the position of the camera module 11.
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(this scenario requires realignment of the video camera). If the system is misaligned, we recommended that you contact a PerkinElmer Service Engineer. NOTE: Movement of the laser spot in the xy plane may be caused if the surface of the sample is not flat or not mounted correctly.
WARNING Please contact PerkinElmer for advice about removing the fiber optic cables that connect the spectrometer and microscope modules. If you need to ship your instrument you must use the original supplied packing materials to prevent damage to the system.
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68 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide...
70 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide General SOPs The RamanMicro 300 combined with the Spectrum software is a very flexible instrument. This chapter demonstrates how to perform a number of tasks. The procedures provided may not be the most straightforward or simple for the task you wish to perform, so treat these Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as a starting point and with time you may wish to develop your own SOPs which better suit your specific mode of use.
8. If you have a motorized microscope stage, switch on the stage controller box. 9. Start the Spectrum software. On the Windows start menu select Programs/PerkinElmer Applications/Spectrum. When you start the software the instrument will prepare for use by turning on the laser and cooling the detector to its operating temperature (usually -50 °C).
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72 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Position of fixing screw Figure 24 Adjusting the height of the motorized stage 5. Manually move the stage down so that you can replace the objective nosepiece. 6. Replace the objective nosepiece, and then select the longest objective. 7.
Using the RamanMicro 300 . 73 SOP-4: Sample Positioning using a Manual Stage NOTE: The RamanMicro 300 system can be purchased with either a manual stage or with a motorized stage. 1. Lower the microscope sample stage. 2. Place the sample on a microscope slide and place it on the stage. Place your sample here Figure 25 Positioning the sample under the objective lens...
74 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 13. If higher magnification is required, select the next most powerful objective lens on the microscope. NOTE: Do not touch the glass of the objective lenses when you select the appropriate magnification. 14. On the Hardware tab select the appropriate objective lens from the Beam path drop- down list.
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Using the RamanMicro 300 . 75 Place your sample here Figure 26 Sample position on motorized stage 3. Select the 5x objective lens on the microscope. 4. Move the sample so that it is approximately lined up below the objective lens. 5.
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76 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 11. If higher magnification is required, select the next most powerful objective lens on the microscope. The microscope is supplied with 5x, 20x and 50x objective lenses. NOTE: Do not touch the glass of the objective lenses when you select the appropriate magnification.
Using the RamanMicro 300 . 77 SOP-6: Setting-Up and Saving Experimental Parameters This SOP is designed to act as a quick guide to help you start collecting data. The exact setup for optimized spectral collection is sample dependent, and we recommend that you modify these settings to suit your needs.
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78 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide 8. If you wish these parameters to be stored as a new set of experimental setup default parameters, select Save As from the File menu. Experimental parameters are stored as *.REX files. This is the “Raman Experiment” file. If you would like to save this set of parameters as the default set, that loads when the software is opened, then save your experiment settings as Default.rex.
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Using the RamanMicro 300 . 79 Table 3 Recommended experimental setup Parameter Recommended Set Up Scan time 5 seconds (sample dependant) (Experiment page/Set-up tab) Number of scans 5 (sample dependant) (Experiment page/Set-up tab) Spectral Information Range 140–3200 cm (Experiment page/Advanced tab) Spectral Information Data Interval 2 cm (default)
80 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide SOP-7: Defining Scan Parameters and Starting Data Collection NOTE: If you are using a Triggered Fiber Optic Probe, refer to the Raman Triggered Fiber Optic Probe leaflet (L1321887) supplied with the probe for configuration and usage details.
Using the RamanMicro 300 . 81 Calibration and Performance Verification SOPs Several different automated calibration tests are included in the software, these are: • Wavelength (x-axis) calibration uses the position of precisely known lines in a neon emission spectrum to calibrate the detector. •...
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Then repeat the wavelength calibration verification to ensure that instrument has been brought back within specification. If the instrument fails the wavelength calibration verification again, please contact PerkinElmer.
Using the RamanMicro 300 . 83 SOP-9: Wavelength Calibration Verification of the RamanMicro 300 NOTE: Wavelength Calibration Verification can be carried out using any Beam path. In this example, the Microscope 50x Beam path is used. 1. Ensure the instrument is switched on by following SOP-1. 2.
84 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide SOP-10: Wavelength Calibration of the RamanMicro 300 Wavelength calibration should only be performed if the instrument has failed a wavelength calibration verification. 1. Ensure the RamanMicro 300 is switched on. If not follow SOP-1. 2.
In the unlikely event that the laser frequency calibration routine should fail, please perform a wavelength calibration and repeat the laser frequency calibration. NOTE: If the calibration fails again, please contact your PerkinElmer Service Engineer. The instrument in now laser frequency calibrated.
NOTE: As intensity calibration is not required on a regular basis, NIST Standards are not included in the basic RamanMicro 300 package. Standard Reference Materials can be purchased from PerkinElmer (L1321831). Your instrument will be intensity calibrated prior to shipping and during installation.
Using the RamanMicro 300 . 87 NOTE: The NIST intensity correction is valid in the recommended operating temperature range 20 °C – 25 °C. If you move the instrument to an environment outside this temperature range, that is 15 °C – 20 °C or 25 °C – 30 °C, we recommend that you perform a NIST intensity correction at this new temperature.
88 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Additional Parts and Upgrades Microscope Objective Lenses Part Description Number L1323336 100x objective lens L1323347 Long working distance objective lenses upgrade kit Contains 5x, 20x, 50x and 100x long working distance objective lenses Sampling Accessories Part Description...
Avoid spilling liquid into the instrument or accessories. Clean all external spills immediately. If anything that is spilled enters the main body of the spectrometer, make the instrument inoperative and then contact a PerkinElmer Service Engineer. Do not directly clean electrical contacts.
Maintenance and Service of the Microscope The microscope is designed to be maintenance free and should not be opened or adjusted by anyone other than a PerkinElmer Service Representative. Contact PerkinElmer if you have any questions regarding maintenance or servicing.
94 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Replacing the Stage Controller Fuse NOTE: This section is only applicable if you have a motorized microscope stage. Electrical hazard To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch OFF all components in the system and disconnect them from the line power supply before you alter, or make any new, electrical WARNING connections.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting . 95 Troubleshooting This section is a reference guide if you are having any problems with your instrument. Troubleshooting outlines what to do if your instrument or software malfunctions or crashes. Hardware Problem: During the installation procedure the USB devices are not recognized.
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96 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Solution When the Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed: 5. Select No, not this time and then click Next. The Found New Hardware Wizard page is displayed. NOTE: The Found New Hardware Wizard page may inform you that it is helping you install software for USB Device.
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Maintenance and Troubleshooting . 97 7. Select Include this location in the search, click Browse, and then navigate to C:\Program Files\PerkinElmer\ServiceIR\Raman. These options may be displayed automatically as you work through the wizard. 8. Click Next. The Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard is displayed.
98 . RamanMicro 300 Getting Started Guide Solution 2 Go to the Stage Control section and then click Reset Stage. The motorized accessory will now reset itself. Solution 3 If solution 2 is not successful, go to the Spectral Preview tab in the Scan and Instrument Setup dialog, for all motor directions/positions in turn type 1, then press enter, once all positions have been set to 1 and all accessory movements are complete, disconnect the accessory from its electrical...
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Add or Remove Programs. Then remove the Philips ToUcom Pro Camera, the Raman Instrument and then Spectrum Software (in that order). You should also delete files C:\pel_apps\, C:\pel_data, C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\PerkinElmer\SecuritySystem, C:\Windows\pel_apps.ini and C:\Windows\pe_sopb.ini using Windows Explorer. To install the new version of Spectrum software follow the instructions in Installing Spectrum Software on page 46.
(8:30 a.m. – 7 p.m. EST ) (+1) 203-925-4602 (outside the USA) Customer Care Canada: 800-561-4646 Customer Care EU: 0800 40 858 (Brussels) 0800 90 66 42 (Monza) If you are located outside of these regions, please call your local PerkinElmer sales office for more information.
Customer Care department in your region. http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/Environmental-directives.htm Products from other manufacturers may also form a part of your PerkinElmer system. These other manufacturers are directly responsible for the collection and processing of their own waste products under the terms of the WEEE Directive. Please contact these manufacturers directly before discarding any of their products.
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