Keithley 6482 Reference Manual
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Keithley 6482 Reference Manual

Dual-channel picoammeter / voltage source
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Model 6482 Dual-Channel
Picoammeter / Voltage Source
Reference Manual
6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012
A
G R E A T E R
M E A S U R E
O F
C O N F I D E N C E

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  • Page 1 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012 G R E A T E R M E A S U R E C O N F I D E N C E...
  • Page 2 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual ©2007-2012, Keithley Instruments, Inc. All rights reserved. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Document Number: 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Section Topic Page Getting Started ..................1-1 Introduction ....................1-2 General information ..................1-2 Extended warranty ................1-2 Contact information ................1-2 Inspection for damage................1-2 Shipment contents ................1-3 Instruction manual................1-3 Repacking for shipment................ 1-3 Options and accessories ..............
  • Page 5 Table of Contents Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Current measurement connections ............2-5 Voltage source connections ..............2-6 Connection considerations ..............2-6 Ground connect mode connections............2-7 Analog output connections................2-8 Nonisolated connections ..............2-8 Isolated connections................
  • Page 6 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table of Contents Timestamp accuracy ................6-4 Buffer considerations................6-4 Remote command data store..............6-5 Data store commands ................6-5 Data store programming example ............6-6 Sweep Operation ..................7-1 Sweep types ....................
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Data storage enabled ................9-7 Limit test enabled ................. 9-7 Limit Testing ..................10-1 Types of limits ................... 10-2 Pass or fail information ............... 10-2 Data flow .................... 10-2 Limit test feeds ...................
  • Page 8 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table of Contents Sending and receiving data .............. 12-13 Baud rate..................12-14 Data bits and parity................12-14 Terminator ..................12-14 Flow control (signal handshaking) ............ 12-14 RS-232 connections ................. 12-14 Error messages ................
  • Page 9 Table of Contents Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Set or acquire relative value ............. 16-19 Enable and read relative result............16-20 CALCulate5..................... 16-20 Select RATIO calculation mode............16-20 Enable and read RATIO result............16-21 CALCulate6..................... 16-21 Select DELTA calculation mode ............
  • Page 10 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table of Contents Select timestamp format..............16-58 Trigger subsystem .................. 16-58 Initiate source/measure cycle ............16-58 Abort source/measure cycle............. 16-58 Program trigger model..............16-59 Calibration ..................... 17-1 Performance verification ................17-2 Verification test requirements..............
  • Page 11 Table of Contents Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual CALCulate5:DATA? and CALCulate6:DATA?........B-4 CALCulate7:DATA? ................B-4 TRACe:DATA?..................B-4 CALCulate8:DATA? ................B-4 IEEE-488 Bus Overview ............... C-1 Introduction ....................C-2 Bus description ..................C-3 Bus lines ....................C-4 Data lines ....................
  • Page 12 Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages.
  • Page 13 To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits - including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same.

  • Page 14: Getting Started

    Section 1 Getting Started In this section: Topic Page Introduction ..................General information ................Product overview ................Specifications ..................Front and rear panel familiarization............. Power-up..................... Display ....................1-10 Default settings ................... 1-12 Menus ....................1-15...

  • Page 15: Introduction

    Default settings • Menus If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local Keithley Instruments representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453). You can also contact us through our website at www.keithley.com.

  • Page 16: Shipment Contents

    The latest manual can be downloaded (in PDF format) from the website. Repacking for shipment If you need to return the Model 6482 for repair, carefully pack the instrument in its original packing carton or the equivalent, and follow these instructions: •...

  • Page 17: Product Overview

    (for example, Model 7001 Switch System). The Model 8501-1 is 1 m (3.3 ft) long; the Model 8501-2 is 2 m (6.6 ft) long. Model 8502 trigger link adapter: Connects any of the six trigger link lines of the Model 6482 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors.

  • Page 18: Specifications

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started Each Model 6482 channel has the following basic measurement and voltage bias capabilities: • Measure current from 1 fA to 20 mA. • Source bias voltage from 500 µV to 30 V.
  • Page 19 Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Measurement function keys: MSR1 Measure channel 1. MSR2 Measure channel 2. DELTA Difference function. RATIO Ratio function. Voltage bias source function keys: SRC1 Channel 1 voltage bias source.

  • Page 20: Rear Panel Summary

    Section 1: Getting Started Rear panel summary NOTE For additional information about connectors, see Connector terminals. The rear panel of the Model 6482 is shown in Figure 1-2. Figure 1-2 Rear panel WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

  • Page 21: Power-Up

    Line voltage selection The Model 6482 operates from a line voltage in the range of 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, 240 V (±10 percent) at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Before plugging in the instrument, make sure the line...

  • Page 22: System Identification

    Programming example 50 Hz operation: :SYST:LFR 50 Fuse replacement A rear-panel fuse protects the power line input of the Model 6482. If the line fuse needs to be replaced, replace it as described in Section 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 23: Display

    This section provides information about the Model 6482 display. Display format The Model 6482 display is used primarily to display measured readings and voltage bias source values. The measurement function readings are displayed on the top line and the voltage bias values are displayed on the bottom line.

  • Page 24: Remote Display Programming

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started Front-panel control The front-panel display circuitry is controlled from the DISABLE DISPLAY configuration menu, which is accessed by pressing the CONFIG key and then the CHANNEL SELECT or DISPLAY TOGGLE key.

  • Page 25: Default Settings

    Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Default settings This section covers factory default setups and saving and recalling user setups. By using appropriate menu selections, as described below you can save and restore various instrument setups, define the power-on configuration, or restore factory defaults.
  • Page 26 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started 3. Select BENCH or GPIB defaults (see Table 1-2 for specifics), and then press the ENTER key to complete the process. Table 1-2 Factory default settings Setting*...

  • Page 27: Remote Setups

    Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 1-2 (cont.) Factory default settings Setting* BENCH default GPIB default Power-on default No effect No effect Ranging (measure): Autorange Enabled Enabled Upper limit 20 mA 20 mA...

  • Page 28: Menus

    Top-level menu choices are indicated in bold. Indentation identifies each lower submenu level. When the remote operation interface selection (GPIB or RS-232) is changed, the Model 6482 performs a power-on reset. To check or change options of the selected interface, you must then re-enter the menu structure.

  • Page 29: Rules To Navigate Menus

    Top-level menu choices are indicated in bold. Indentation identifies each lower submenu level. When the remote operation interface selection (GPIB or RS-232) is changed, the Model 6482 performs a power-on reset. To check or change options of the selected interface, you must then re-enter the menu structure.

  • Page 30: Editing Voltage Bias Values

    SERIAL# TIMESTAMP NUMBERS * When changing interface selections, the Model 6482 performs a power-on reset. To check or change options of the selected interface, you must re-enter the menu structure. Editing voltage bias values Use the following keys to edit voltage bias values: •...

  • Page 31: Configuration Menus

    Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual • EDIT increments or decrements the source value. Note that pressing either of these keys will automatically enable the source edit mode. • RANGE selects the voltage bias source range (10 V or 30 V).
  • Page 32 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started Table 1-4 Measurement configuration menus Configuration menu item Description CONFIG > MSR1 Configure channel 1 measurement. CONFIG MSR1 BUTTON Current measurement. Conductance (I/V) measurement. Resistance (V/I) measurement.
  • Page 33 Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 1-6 Rel, filter, and range configuration menus Configuration menu item Description CONFIG > REL Program REL value. CONFIG > FILTER Configure filter. CONFIGURE FILTERING AVERAGE-MODE Select average mode filter.
  • Page 34 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started Table 1-8 Trigger configuration menu Configuration menu item Description CONFIG > TRIG Configure triggering. CONFIGURE TRIGGER ARM LAYER Configure trigger model arm layer. ARM-IN Select arm layer detection event.
  • Page 35 Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 1-9 Sweep, digits, speed, and data store configuration menus Configuration menu item Description CONFIG > SWEEP Configure sweeps of the selected channel* CONFIGURE SWEEPS TYPE Select sweep type.
  • Page 36 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 1: Getting Started Table 1-10 Output and display configuration menus Configuration menu item Description CONFIG > ON/OFF OUTPUT Configure output. CONFIG OUTPUT AUTO OFF Enable or disable auto-off mode. DISABLE Keep output on.
  • Page 37 Section 1: Getting Started Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 1-24 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 38: Connections

    Section 2 Connections In this section: Topic Page Connection precautions ..............Input and output connectors ............... Connector terminals ................Output enable ..................Connection methods ................Analog output connections..............

  • Page 39: Connection Precautions

    Section 2: Connections Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Connection precautions The following paragraphs summarize precautions that should be observed when making test connections to the Model 6482. WARNING Maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT analog common and chassis ground) is 200 V.

  • Page 40: Connector Terminals

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 2: Connections Connector terminals The electrical configuration of the input, analog output, and voltage source connectors are shown Figure 2-2 Table 2-1. Figure 2-2 Connector terminals Input (triaxial) WARNING Analog output...

  • Page 41: Input Connectors

    Section 2: Connections Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Input connectors The electrical configuration of each triaxial INPUT connector is shown in Figure 2-2. Connector terminals are designated as follows: • Inner (center) conductor of the connector (and triaxial cable): Input HI. This terminal connects to one terminal of the device under test (DUT).

  • Page 42: Output Enable

    Section 2: Connections Output enable An interlock switch can be used with the Model 6482 output enable line on the OUTPUT ENABLE connector to inhibit the voltage bias source outputs. When output enable is activated, the Model 6482 outputs will turn off when the lid of the test fixture is opened.

  • Page 43: Voltage Source Connections

    Voltage source connections Figure 2-4 shows the connecting scheme for using the Model 6482 as a voltage bias source. Note that the device under test (DUT) HI terminal is connected to the OUTPUT terminal of the voltage source (Channel 1 output), and the DUT LO terminal is connected to INPUT LO (analog common, which is the inner shield of the INPUT jack).

  • Page 44: Ground Connect Mode Connections

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 2: Connections Ground connect mode connections The VOLTAGE SOURCE output jack for either channel can either be connected to chassis ground or left floating, depending on the selected ground connect mode. See Section “Ground connect...

  • Page 45: Analog Output Connections

    Section 2: Connections Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 2-6 Ground connect mode equivalent circuit Current flow (I) INPUT HI Channel 1 Channel 1 analog common V-source INPUT outer shield DUT 1 Chassis ground Chassis ground...

  • Page 46: Isolated Connections

    ±30 V above chassis ground, depending on the voltage bias source setting. Connecting the analog outputs to external equipment that does not allow analog output low to float up to ±30 V may result in damage to the Model 6482 voltage bias sources when the ground connect mode is enabled.

  • Page 47: Equivalent Circuits

    Section 2: Connections Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 2-8 Isolated analog output connections Analog devices 3B41-03 wideband isolated voltage input Center Triaxial conductor cable INPUT Measuring instrument Model 6482 WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
  • Page 48 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 2: Connections Figure 2-10 Analog output circuit with ground connect enabled Feedback ammeter Triaxial INPUT 20 mA Current flow (I) maximum To analog-to-digital converter Chassis ground VOLTAGE SOURCE ANALOG Output...
  • Page 49 Section 2: Connections Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 2-12 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 50: Basic Operation

    Section 3 Basic Operation In this section: Topic Page Operation overview ................Operation considerations ..............Basic measurement procedure ............Using the analog outputs ..............3-11...

  • Page 51: Operation Overview

    2 mA, and 20 mA. • Source voltage: Each Model 6482 channel can output DC voltage from ±500 µV to ±30 V. Each channel has two ranges: 10 V and 30 V. Both channel 1 and channel 2 are floating and independent of one another.

  • Page 52: Basic Circuit Configuration

    The following paragraphs discuss warm-up period, autozero, and source delay. Warm-up The Model 6482 must be turned on and allowed to warm up for at least one hour to achieve rated accuracies. For the latest specifications, visit the Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.com).

  • Page 53: Source Delay

    Section 3: Basic Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Front-panel autozero Set the autozero state from the front panel as follows: 1. Press the MENU key. 2. Select A/D-CTRL from the main menu, and then press the ENTER key.
  • Page 54 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 3: Basic Operation Output slew time Figure 3-2 demonstrates the effect of output slew time on overall settling. Total time after changing the source value before accurate measurements can be taken includes both the slew time and the measure circuit settling time.

  • Page 55: Ground Connect Mode

    Section 3: Basic Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual 2. Select AUTO-DELAY from the displayed choices, and then press the ENTER key. 3. Select ENABLE or DISABLE as appropriate, and then press the ENTER key. Remote command source delay...
  • Page 56 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 3: Basic Operation Figure 3-3 Ground connect enabled Triaxial INPUT To ammeter Chassis ground SOURCE OUTPUT Floating Output common Bias source Ground connect Note: One channel shown. relay closed Other channel is identical .

  • Page 57: Basic Measurement Procedure

    SRC1 or SRC2 key. The flashing digit for the source value in the Src1 or Src2 display field indicates that the Model 6482 is in the edit mode for that channel. If no editing operation is performed within six seconds, the edit mode times out and is cancelled.

  • Page 58: Remote Command Measurement Procedure

    When editing the source value, the source is updated immediately, allowing you to adjust the source value while the output is on. The source value cannot be changed while the Model 6482 is performing a sweep, which occurs with the output ON and after the SWEEP key is pressed.
  • Page 59 Section 3: Basic Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Basic measurement and voltage source commands Table 3-6 summarizes basic measurement and voltage source commands. See Section 16 more information on using these commands and many other commands that control these functions.

  • Page 60: Using The Analog Outputs

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 3: Basic Operation Using the analog outputs Each analog output provides a -10 V to +10 V DC output analogous to the input current. The analog output signal will nominally source a ±10 V proportional, but inverted, signal to the input current on all measurement ranges.
  • Page 61 Section 3: Basic Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 3-12 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 62: Range, Digits, Speed, And Filters

    Section 4 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters In this section: Topic Page Range and digits ................. Speed....................Filters ....................

  • Page 63: Range And Digits

    Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Range and digits This topic discusses available ranges, maximum readings, ranging limitations, manual and autoranging, and display resolution. Measurement range The selected measurement range affects the accuracy of the measurements and the maximum signal that can be measured.

  • Page 64: Digits

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Autorange limits Upper and lower autorange limits are included to support the autorange change mode. The upper limit must be greater than or equal to the lower limit, and the lower limit must be less than or equal to the upper limit.

  • Page 65: Remote Range And Digits Programming

    Set display digits (n = 4, 5, 6, or 7). :DISPlay:DIGits <n> Range and digits programming example Table 4-3 shows a programming example for controlling range and digits. The Model 6482 is set up as follows: • Channel 1 autorange: ON •...

  • Page 66: Setting Speed

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Setting speed Speed is set from the SPEED ACCURACY MENU and is structured as follows. Use Section “Rules to navigate menus,” to check and/or change the speed setting.

  • Page 67: Filters

    Filtering stabilizes noisy measurements caused by noisy input signals. However, the more filtering that is used, the slower the measurement process becomes. The Model 6482 uses two stages of filtering: Average and median. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is the result of the filtering processes.
  • Page 68 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Median filter The median filter is used to pass the median, or “middle-most,” reading from a group of readings that are arranged according to size. For example, assume the following readings:...
  • Page 69 Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Moving filter The moving average filter uses a first-in, first-out stack. When the stack (filter count) becomes full, the readings are averaged, yielding a filtered reading. For each subsequent reading placed into the stack, the oldest reading is discarded.

  • Page 70: Filter Configuration

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Advanced filter: The advanced filter is part of the moving filter. With the advanced filter enabled, a user-programmable noise “window” is used with the moving filter. The noise window, which is expressed as a percentage of range (0 to 105 percent), allows a faster response time to large signal step changes.
  • Page 71 Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 4-5 Filter configuration menu Menu item Description CONFIG > FILTER Configure filter. CONFIGURE FILTERING AVERAGE-MODE Select average mode filter. MOVING Moving average. REPEAT Repeat average.

  • Page 72: Remote Filter Programming

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Remote filter programming Filter commands Table 4-6 summarizes filter commands. See Section 16 for more details. Table 4-6 Filter commands Commands* Description Average filter: Set Channel 1 average filter count (n = count, 1 to 100).
  • Page 73 Section 4: Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Filter programming example Table 4-7 summarizes the command sequence to program channel 1 filter attributes as follows: • Average filter: Off • Median filter state: On •...

  • Page 74: Relative, Math, Ratio, And Delta

    Section 5 Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta In this section: Topic Page Relative ....................Measurement math functions.............. RATIO and DELTA ................

  • Page 75: Relative

    “Rules to navigate menus,” for details. 4. With the relative offset value displayed, press the ENTER key. The Model 6482 will return to the normal display with relative offset enabled. The reading will reflect the defined relative off- set value.

  • Page 76: Remote Relative Offset Programming

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta Using the relative offset feature in dual-channel mode The REL key does not function while the display is in the dual-channel, RATIO, or DELTA display modes.

  • Page 77: Measurement Math Functions

    Measurement math functions This section provides detailed information on the following math functions: I/V, V/I, MX + B, and electrical power (V x I). Math functions Each Model 6482 channel has built-in math functions to calculate the following: • • •...

  • Page 78: Front Panel Math Functions

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta MX + B This math function multiplies the measured current by an offset factor and adds an offset value as follows: Reading = MX + B...

  • Page 79: Remote Math Functions

    Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Remote math functions Table 5-4 summarizes commands to control the measurement math functions through a remote interface. See the :CALC1 and :CALC2 subsystems in Section 16 for detailed information.

  • Page 80: Ratio Functions

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta RATIO functions The Model 6482 has built-in RATIO functions to calculate the following: • MSR1/MSR2 • MSR2/MSR1 MSR1/MSR2 This function computes the ratio between the channel 1 measurement function (MSR1) and the...

  • Page 81: Front Panel Ratio And Delta Configuration

    Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Front panel RATIO and DELTA configuration Using Table 5-6 as a guide, configure RATIO and DELTA functions as follows: 1. Press the CONFIG key then the RATIO or DELTA key to select the function to be configured.

  • Page 82: Ratio And Delta Function Programming Example

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta RATIO and DELTA function programming example Table 5-8 summarizes commands that program the following RATIO and DELTA functions: • RATIO function: CALC3/CALC4 • DELTA function: CALC4-CALC3...
  • Page 83 Section 5: Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 5-10 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 84: Data Store

    Section 6 Data Store In this section: Topic Page Data store overview ................Front-panel data store................. Remote command data store..............

  • Page 85: Data Store Overview

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Data store overview The Model 6482 has a data store (buffer) to store from 1 to 3000 voltage bias source values and measurement readings for both channels. Each reading includes the buffer location number and a timestamp.

  • Page 86: Buffer Statistics

    With the data store in the recall mode, buffer statistics are displayed by using the DISPLAY TOGGLE key. Use the DISPLAY TOGGLE key to sequence through the statistics and return the Model 6482 to the normal data store recall state. Pressing the EXIT key at any time returns the instrument to the normal display state.

  • Page 87: Timestamp Format

    Section 6: Data Store Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Standard deviation This mode displays the standard deviation of buffered readings. The following equation is used to calculate standard deviation: ⎛ ⎛ ⎞ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟...

  • Page 88: Remote Command Data Store

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 6: Data Store Table 6-1 in this section for a summary of these commands (see Section “TRACe subsystem,” for more details). Using :READ? to store data Use :TRIG:COUN <n> to set the number of readings to be stored (n = Number of readings; 3000 maximum).

  • Page 89: Data Store Programming Example

    Section 6: Data Store Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Data store programming example Table 6-2 summarizes the commands for basic data store operation. These commands set up the Model 6482 as follows: • Number of points: 10 •...

  • Page 90: Sweep Operation

    Section 7 Sweep Operation In this section: Topic Page Sweep types ..................Configuring and running a sweep ............

  • Page 91: Sweep Types

    Section 7: Sweep Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Sweep types The Model 6482 can perform three basic sweep types: • Linear staircase sweep • Logarithmic staircase sweep • Custom sweep Linear staircase sweep As shown in...
  • Page 92 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 7: Sweep Operation Figure 7-2 Logarithmic staircase sweep (example 5-point sweep from 1 to 10 volts) Logarithmic Scale Delay Stop (10) Delay 5.6234 Volts Delay 3.1623 Delay points = 5 1.7783...

  • Page 93: Custom Sweep

    Section 7: Sweep Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 7-1 Logarithmic sweep points Logarithmic Measure point step Bias level (volts) Point 1 Point 2 0.25 1.7783 Point 3 0.50 3.1623 Point 4 0.75 5.6234 Point 5 When this sweep is triggered to start, the output will go from the bias level to the start source level (1 V) and sweep through the symmetrical logarithmic points.

  • Page 94: Configuring And Running A Sweep

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 7: Sweep Operation Figure 7-4 shows a custom sweep example with different pulse widths. In this example, the first two points are configured with the same source value so that the duration of the first pulse is effectively doubled.
  • Page 95 SOURCE-RANGING: Use this menu item to control voltage bias source ranging: – BEST-FIXED – With this option, the Model 6482 will select a single fixed source range that will accommodate all of the source levels in the sweep. For example, if the minimum and maximum source levels in the sweep are 1 V and 30 V, the 30 V source range will be used.

  • Page 96: Performing Sweeps

    Section 8 for details on trigger count. Performing sweeps Procedures for the various sweep types are covered below. The following procedure assumes that the Model 6482 is already connected to the device NOTE under test (DUT) as explained in Section Performing a linear staircase sweep Step 1.
  • Page 97 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual NOTE The Model 6482 limits the number of sweeps (sweep-count) according to the number of steps required for each sweep. The maximum number of finite sweeps that can be performed is determined as follows: Maximum finite sweep count = 3000 / # points in sweep.
  • Page 98 Section 7: Sweep Operation NOTE The Model 6482 limits the number of sweeps (sweep-count) according to the number of steps required for each sweep. The maximum number of finite sweeps that can be performed is determined as follows: Maximum finite sweep count = 3000 / # points in sweep.
  • Page 99 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual NOTE The Model 6482 limits the number of sweeps (sweep-count) according to the number of steps required for each sweep. The maximum number of finite sweeps that can be performed is determined as follows: Maximum finite sweep count = 3000 / # points in sweep.

  • Page 100: Remote Sweep Operation

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 7: Sweep Operation Remote sweep operation Staircase sweep commands Table 7-2 summarizes remote commands used for linear and logarithmic staircase sweep operation. See Section “Configure sweeps,” for more details on these commands.
  • Page 101 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Staircase sweep programming example As an example of linear staircase sweep operation, assume the Model 6482 will be used to generate the reverse-biased V-I characteristics of a device under test (DUT). For the purposes of...
  • Page 102 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 7: Sweep Operation Custom sweep commands Table 7-4 summarizes remote commands used for custom sweep operation. See Section “Configure list,” for more details on these commands. Table 7-4 Custom sweep commands...
  • Page 103 Section 7: Sweep Operation Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 7-14 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 104: Triggering

    Section 8 Triggering In this section: Topic Page Front-panel operation of the trigger model.......... Trigger link ..................Configuring triggering................8-12 Remote operation of the trigger model ..........8-14...

  • Page 105: Front-Panel Operation Of The Trigger Model

    Idle The Model 6482 is in idle mode when it is not operating in the arm layer or trigger layer of the trigger model. When in idle mode, the ARM indicator is off. To take the Model 6482 out of idle mode, turn the output ON.

  • Page 106: Event Detection

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 8: Triggering Figure 8-1 Front-panel operation of the trigger model Turn output ON Idle Idle Bypass ONCE arm event detector IMMEDIATE NEVER GPIB Another layer counter TIMER MANUAL Arm event...

  • Page 107: Trigger Layer

    Section 8: Triggering Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Arm layer Bypass arm event detector: As shown in Figure 8-1, there is a bypass for the arm event detector. This bypass can only be used if TLINK or STEST is the selected arm-in event. The bypass serves to allow operation to bypass waiting for an event.

  • Page 108: Trigger Delay

    30 source-delay-measure actions. The maximum buffer size for the Model 6482 is 3000 readings. The product of the two counter values cannot exceed 3000. For example, if you set an arm count of two (2), the maximum trigger count will be 1500 (3000 / 2 = 1500).

  • Page 109: Bench Defaults

    Event detection bypasses = NEVER (both layers) When the output is turned ON, the Model 6482 will run in a continuous loop around the trigger model. After each measure action, operation will continue at the top of the trigger model. The Model 6482 can be returned to an idle state by turning the output OFF.

  • Page 110: Input Trigger Requirements

    10 μs minumum Output trigger specifications The Model 6482 can be programmed to output a trigger after various trigger model actions. See “Front-panel operation of the trigger model.” The output trigger provides a TTL-compatible output pulse that can be used to trigger other instruments. The specifications for this trigger pulse are...

  • Page 111: External Triggering Example

    (DUT) connected to that channel. This test system is shown in Figure 8-5, which uses a Model 6482 to measure 10 DUTs switched by a Model 7011 multiplexer card in a Model 7001/7002 Switch System. Figure 8-5...
  • Page 112 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 8: Triggering Figure 8-6 Trigger link connections Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System WARNING: WARNING: WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERA NO INTERNAL OPERA TO R SER V ICABLE PART S, S ER VICE BY QU ALIFIED PERSONNE...
  • Page 113 Operation 1. To store the readings in the Model 6482 buffer, press the STORE key and set the buffer size to 10. When the ENTER key is pressed, the asterisk (*) indicator will turn on to indicate the buffer is enabled.
  • Page 114 A) Turning the Model 6482 output on places it at point A in the flow chart, where it waits for an external trigger. B) Pressing the STEP key takes the Model 7001/7002 out of the idle state and places operation at point B in the flow chart.

  • Page 115: Configuring Triggering

    Section 8: Triggering Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Configuring triggering Triggering is configured from the CONFIGURE TRIGGER menu. This menu is structured as follows. Front-panel operation of the trigger model, for details on the programmable aspects NOTE of triggering.
  • Page 116 – COUNT: Specify the trigger count. • HALT: Use to return the Model 6482 to the idle state. HALT does not turn off the output. The programmed source level will still be available at the OUTPUT terminals. The following actions will take the Model 6482 out of an idle state: –...

  • Page 117: Remote Operation Of The Trigger Model

    • *TRG or GET • *RST • *RCL SDC, DCL, or :ABORt place the Model 6482 in the idle state. For fastest response, use NOTE SDC or DCL to return to the idle state. 8-14 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 118: Event Detection

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 8: Triggering Figure 8-9 Remote operation of the trigger model Note: The following commands place the Model 6482 into an See Note idle state: DCL, SDC, ABORt, *RST, SYSTem:PREset, and*RCL...

  • Page 119: Arm Layer

    MANual: Event detection occurs when the TRIG key is pressed. The Model 6482 must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key. Press the LOCAL key or send GTL over the bus to take the Model 6482 out of remote operation.

  • Page 120: Trigger Delay

    (SDM) cycle. The delay action is discussed in the following topic. Source, delay, and measure actions The SDM cycle of the Model 6482 consists of three actions: Source, delay, and measure: SOURCE action: Any programmed output voltage level changes are performed.

  • Page 121: Output Triggers

    10-point sweeps will then be performed (a total of 30 source-delay-measure actions). The maximum buffer size for the Model 6482 is 3000 readings. The product of the finite values of the two counters cannot exceed 3000. For example, if you set an arm count of two, the maximum trigger count will be 3000 (3000 / 2 = 1500).

  • Page 122: Operation Summary

    On the second pass, three measurements will be performed at the 2 V source level. After the last measurement, the Model 6482 returns to the idle state. Note that the product of the arm count (finite value) and trigger count determines the number of measurements that are performed.

  • Page 123: Remote Trigger Example

    Section 8: Triggering Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Remote trigger example Table 8-2 summarizes the command sequence for basic trigger operation. These commands set up Model 6482 triggering as follows: • Arm layer source: Bus •...

  • Page 124: Measurement Concepts

    Section 9 Measurement Concepts In this section: Topic Page Source-delay-measure cycle .............. Sweep waveforms................Bias source operating boundaries ............Data flow .....................

  • Page 125: Source-Delay-Measure Cycle

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Source-delay-measure cycle Overview Model 6482 voltage bias and measurements operation for each channel can consist of a series of source-delay-measure (SDM) cycles (Figure 9-1). During each SDM cycle, the following occurs: 1.

  • Page 126: Delay Phase

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 9: Measurement Concepts NOTE Section 8 for trigger model details. Delay phase The delay phase of the source-delay-measure (SDM) cycle allows the source to settle before the measurement is performed. The delay period depends on how the source delay is configured. The source delay can be set manually from 0000.0000 s to 9999.9980 s.

  • Page 127: Typical Sweep Applications

    Section 9: Measurement Concepts Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 9-3 Basic sweep waveform types Stop Start Bias Linear staircase sweep Stop Start Logarithmic scale shown for staircase steps. Bias Logarithmic staircase sweep Last point First point...

  • Page 128: Loading Effects

    Figure 9-5 shows operation examples for resistive loads that are 1 kΩ and 400 Ω, respectively. For these examples, one bias source (of the Model 6482) is programmed to source 10 V with a fixed current limit of 20 mA.

  • Page 129: Data Flow

    Section 9: Measurement Concepts Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 9-5 Loading effects Current limit load line 20 mA Output current (I) Operating 10 mA point Voltage source load line 10 V Output voltage (V) I = V / R = 10 V/1 kΩ...

  • Page 130: Basic Readings

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 9: Measurement Concepts Basic readings With data store and limit tests disabled (Figure 9-6A), the Model 6482 displays the selected measurement function readings (MSR1, MSR2, RATIO, or DELTA); no data storage or limit test is performed when those two functions are disabled.
  • Page 131 Section 9: Measurement Concepts Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 9-6 Data flow front panel MSR1 MSR2 Display readings RATIO Displayed readings depend on selected DELTA function. A. Data store and limit tests disabled MSR1 MSR2...
  • Page 132 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 9: Measurement Concepts Figure 9-7 CALC block data flow READ?, FETC? DATA? CALC1:DATA? CALC3:DATA? Bypass if CALC1 disabled SENS1 CALC1 CALC3 (Sample (R,G,P,M) (REL) buffer) CHANNEL 1 CALC6 CALC5 CALC7...
  • Page 133 Section 9: Measurement Concepts Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 9-10 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 134: Limit Testing

    Section 10 Limit Testing In this section: Topic Page Types of limits ..................10-2 Operation overview ................10-3 Configuring and performing limit tests..........10-5 Remote limit testing ................10-7...

  • Page 135: Types Of Limits

    Appendix B for an overview on how limit testing fits into the overall data flow through the Model 6482. Limit test feeds You can use the following feeds (data sources) for the software limit tests (Limit 3 to Limit 6): MSR1, MSR2, RATIO, and DELTA.

  • Page 136: Limit 1 And 2 Tests (Compliance)

    The testing process will start when an SOT signal SOT (start-of-test) strobe pulse is received by the Model 6482. Note that if the trigger model is not set to accept an SOT signal, testing will start when the LIMIT key is pressed. Pressing the LIMIT key a second time terminates the testing process.
  • Page 137 Section 10: Limit Testing Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 10-2 Limit testing model Start Turn the output ON and press the LIMIT key Wait for SOT pulse * If the trigger model is not set to accept an SOT signal, (if enabled)* testing will start when the LIMIT key is pressed.

  • Page 138: Output Enable Connector

    After the tests pass, the PASS message is displayed. Note that the pass condition can also be determined with the :CALC7:LIM<n>FAIL? query over a remote interface. If the Model 6482 is configured to test another DUT package, operation loops back to the top of the flow chart and waits for the start-of-test (SOT) pulse.

  • Page 139: Performing Limit Tests

    Step 1. Configure test system. As previously explained in Section 2, your test system could be as simple as connecting one or two DUTs to the Model 6482. Adding a scanner to the test system allows you to test multiple devices.

  • Page 140: Remote Limit Testing

    FEED (MSR1, MSR2, RATIO, or DELTA). Step 4. Turn output on. Press the ON/OFF key to turn the output on (blue OUTPUT indicator turns on). The Model 6482 will output the programmed bias voltage level. Step 5. Start testing process.

  • Page 141: Limit Test Programming Example

    Section 10: Limit Testing Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Limit test programming example Diode current test is an example that readily lends itself to pass or fail analysis. This test verifies the forward currents at various voltages. The test is performed by sourcing a specified voltage level and then measuring the current.

  • Page 142: Output Enable And Output Configuration

    Section 11 Output Enable and Output Configuration In this section: Topic Page Output enable ..................11-2 Front-panel output configuration ............11-4 Remote output configuration ............... 11-4...

  • Page 143: Output Enable

    Output enable The OUTPUT ENABLE connector provides the output enable line for use with a test fixture switch. When properly used, the voltage source outputs of the Model 6482 will turn OFF when the lid of the test fixture is opened.

  • Page 144: Output Enable (/Oe)

    When output enable is activated (see “Front-panel output configuration,” page Section 11-4), the output of the Model 6482 cannot be turned on unless the output enable line is pulled low through a switch to ground as shown in Figure 11-2A. If the lid of the test fixture opens...

  • Page 145: Front-Panel Output Configuration

    With ENABLE and AFTER-TRIG-COUNT, the output will remain on until the trigger count expires. When disabled, the OUTPUT stays on as long as the Model 6482 is operating within the trigger model (ARM indicator on). With the OUTPUT enabled, pressing the ON/OFF key will disable the OUTPUT and disable automatic output off.

  • Page 146: Output Configuration Programming Example

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 11: Output Enable and Output Configuration NOTE Output enable and source clear commands are global and affect both channels simultaneously. Table 11-1 Output configuration commands Command Description Enable or disable output enable (state = ON or OFF).
  • Page 147 Section 11: Output Enable and Output Configuration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 11-6 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 148: Remote Operations

    Section 12 Remote Operations In this section: Topic Page Remote versus local operation ............12-2 Selecting an interface ................12-2 GPIB operation ..................12-3 General bus commands............... 12-5 Front-panel GPIB operation..............12-7 Programming syntax................12-8 RS-232 interface operation..............12-13...

  • Page 149: Remote Versus Local Operation

    Local-to-remote transition When changing from local-to-remote operation, the following takes place: • The Model 6482 stops taking readings and is placed into the idle layer of the trigger model. • All menus are exited. • All pending front-panel commands are aborted.

  • Page 150: Gpib Operation

    This defines a standard set of commands to control every programmable aspect of an instrument. GPIB connections To connect the Model 6482 to the GPIB bus, use a cable equipped with standard IEEE-488 connectors, as shown in Figure 12-1.
  • Page 151 488 cables. Available shielded cables from Keithley are Models 7007-1 and 7007-2. To connect the Model 6482 to the IEEE-488 bus, follow these steps: 1. Align the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will fit only one way.

  • Page 152: Primary Address

    Serial polls the Model 6482. REN (remote enable) The remote enable command is sent to the Model 6482 by the controller to set up the instrument for remote operation. Generally, the instrument should be placed in the remote mode before you attempt to program it over the bus.

  • Page 153: Ifc (Interface Clear)

    GET (group execute trigger) GET is a GPIB trigger that is used as an arm event to control operation. The Model 6482 reacts to this trigger if it is the programmed arm control source. The following command selects the GPIB...

  • Page 154: Spe, Spd (Serial Polling)

    LSTN This indicator is on when the Model 6482 is in the listener active state, which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA (my listen address) command. LSTN is off when the instrument is in the listener idle state. Place the instrument in the listener idle state by sending UNL (unlisten), addressing it to talk, or sending IFC (interface clear) command over the bus.

  • Page 155: Local Key

    Section 12: Remote Operations Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual stays on until the serial poll byte is read or all the conditions that caused SRQ have been cleared. Section 13 for more information. LOCAL key The LOCAL key cancels the remote state and restores local operation of the instrument.
  • Page 156 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 12: Remote Operations Angle brackets < >: Angle brackets (< >) are used to denote a parameter type. Do not include the brackets in the program message. For example: The <b> indicates a Boolean-type parameter is :OUTPut2 <b>...

  • Page 157: Query Commands

    Section 12: Remote Operations Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual <NDN> Nondecimal numeric: This parameter is used to send values in the binary, octal, or hexadecimal format. The prefix designates the format type: #Bxx...x #B specifies the binary format.

  • Page 158: Short-Form Rules

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 12: Remote Operations Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists.
  • Page 159 Section 12: Remote Operations Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual When the above message is sent, the first command word is recognized as the root command (:STAT). When the next colon is detected, the path pointer moves down to the next command level and executes the command.

  • Page 160: Response Messages

    Sending a response message After sending a query command, the response message is placed in the output queue. When the Model 6482 is addressed to talk, the response message is sent from the output queue to the computer. Multiple response messages...

  • Page 161: Baud Rate

    When you choose a baud rate, make sure the programming terminal or printer that you are connecting to the Model 6482 can support the baud rate you selected. Both the Model 6482 and the other device must be configured for the same baud rate.

  • Page 162: Error Messages

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 12: Remote Operations serial port uses the transmit (TXD), receive (RXD), and signal ground (GND) lines of the RS-232 standard. Figure 12-4 shows the rear panel connector for the RS-232 interface, and Table 12-2 shows the pinout for the connector.
  • Page 163 Section 12: Remote Operations Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 12-16 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 164: Status Structure

    Section 13 Status Structure In this section: Topic Page Overview ..................... 13-2 Clearing registers and queues ............13-3 Programming and reading registers ............ 13-4 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ..........13-6 Status register sets ................13-9 Queues ....................13-16...

  • Page 165: Overview

    Queues The Model 6482 uses an output queue and an error queue. The response messages to query commands are placed in the output queue. As various programming errors and status messages occur, they are placed in the error queue. When a queue contains data, it sets the appropriate summary bit of the status byte register.

  • Page 166: Clearing Registers And Queues

    Clearing registers and queues When the Model 6482 is turned on, the bits of all registers in the status structure are cleared (reset to 0), and the two queues are empty. Commands to reset the event and event enable registers,...

  • Page 167: Programming And Reading Registers

    Section 13: Status Structure Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual NOTE SYSTem:PRESet and *RST have no effect on status structure registers and queues. Table 13-1 Common and SCPI commands to reset registers and clear queues Commands Description...

  • Page 168: Reading Registers

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 13: Status Structure Figure 13-2 16-bit status register Bit position Binary value Decimal Weights A. Bits 0 through 7 Bit position B13 B12 Binary value Decimal 32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512...

  • Page 169: Status Byte And Service Request (Srq)

    Section 13: Status Structure Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual For nondecimal formats, one of the following headers will accompany the returned value to indicate which format is selected: #B = Header for binary values #H = Header for hexadecimal values...

  • Page 170: Status Byte Register

    Depending on how it is used, bit B6 of the Status Byte Register is either the Request for Service (RQS) bit or the Master Summary Status (MSS) bit: • When using the serial poll sequence of the Model 6482 to obtain the status byte (serial poll byte), bit B6 is the RQS bit. See “Serial polling and SRQ”...

  • Page 171: Service Request Enable Register

    Typically, SRQs are managed by the serial poll sequence of the Model 6482. If an SRQ does not occur, bit B6 (RQS) of the status byte register will remain cleared, and the program will simply proceed normally after the serial poll is performed.

  • Page 172: Status Register Sets

    As shown in Figure 13-1, there are four status register sets in the status structure of the Model 6482: Standard Event Status, Operation Event Status, Measurement Event Status, and Questionable Event Status. Appendix A for details on which register bits are set by specific error and status NOTE conditions.
  • Page 173 Bit B6, User Request (URQ): Set bit indicates that the LOCAL key on the Model 6482 front panel was pressed. • Bit B7, Power ON (PON): Set bit indicates that the Model 6482 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register was read. 13-10...
  • Page 174 Bit B5, Waiting for Trigger Event (Trig): Set bit indicates that the Model 6482 is in the trigger layer waiting for a TLINK trigger event to occur. • Bit B6, Waiting for Arm Event (Arm): Set bit indicates that the Model 6482 is in the arm layer waiting for an arm event to occur. •...
  • Page 175 Section 13: Status Structure Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Measurement event register The used bits of the measurement event register (Figure 13-6) are described as follows: • Bit B0, Limit 1 Summary (L1): Set bit indicates Limit 1 summary information is available in...
  • Page 176 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 13: Status Structure Figure 13-6 Measurement event status Measurement — Condition STAT:MEAS:COND? (B15) (B14) (B13) (B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Register Measurement —...
  • Page 177 Section 13: Status Structure Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Questionable event register The used bits of the questionable event register (Figure 13-7) are described as follows: • Bits B0 through B7: Not used. • Bit B8, Calibration Summary (Cal): Set bit indicates that an invalid calibration constant was detected during the power-up sequence.

  • Page 178: Condition Registers

    A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reflect the present operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while the Model 6482 is in the idle state, bit B10 (idle) of the operation condition register will be set. When the instrument is taken out of the idle state, bit B10 clears.

  • Page 179: Queues

    STAT:MEAS:COND? Read Measurement Event Register. STAT:MEAS? Queues The Model 6482 uses two queues, which are first-in, first-out (FIFO) registers: • Output Queue: Used to hold reading and response messages. • Error Queue: Used to hold error and status messages. For a listing of error and status...

  • Page 180: Output Queue

    An empty output queue clears the MAV bit in the status byte register. A message is read from the output queue by addressing the Model 6482 to talk after the appropriate query is sent.
  • Page 181 Section 13: Status Structure Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 13-9 Error queue commands Command Description Comment STATus subsystem: STATus Read error queue: Note 1 :QUEue Read and clear oldest error and status (code and message).

  • Page 182: Common Commands

    Section 14 Common Commands In this section: Topic Page Command summary................14-2 Command reference ................14-2...

  • Page 183: Command Summary

    Places an ASCII “1” into the output queue when all pending *OPC? selected device operations have been completed. Option query Queries the Model 6482 for a list of installed options. *OPT? Recall command Returns the Model 6482 to the user-saved setup.

  • Page 184: Opc? - Operation Complete Query

    *OPC? required to test for “1” in output queue. *OPT? — Option query This command returns a list of installed options. When *OPT? is sent, the Model 6482 returns a list of any installed options. *SAV <NRf> — Save setup This command saves the present setup in memory.

  • Page 185: Rst - Reset

    Model 6482. It has the same effect as a group execute trigger (GET). Use the *TRG command as an event to control operation. The Model 6482 reacts to this trigger if BUS is the programmed arm control source. The control source is programmed from the TRIGger subsystem.

  • Page 186: Tst? - Self-Test Query

    This command runs a self test and reads the result. Use this query command to perform a checksum test on ROM. The command places the coded result (0 or 1) in the output queue. When the Model 6482 is addressed to talk, the coded result is sent from the output queue to the computer.
  • Page 187 Section 14: Common Commands Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 14-6 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 188: Scpi Measurement Commands

    Section 15 SCPI Measurement Commands In this section: Topic Page Command summary................15-2 Configuring measurement function ............. 15-2 Acquiring readings ................15-2...

  • Page 189: Command Summary

    This command configures the instrument to measure DC current. The :READ? command is then typically used to trigger a specified number of measurements. “READ?,” page Section 15-4. When this command is sent, the Model 6482 will be configured as follows: • Select current function. •...

  • Page 190: Acquiring Readings

    CURR2 for channel 2 readings. Appendix B for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various operation blocks of the Model 6482. It clarifies the types of readings that are acquired by the commands to read data. DATA[:LATest]?

  • Page 191: Read

    Appendix B for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various NOTE operation blocks of the Model 6482. It clarifies the type of readings that are acquired by the various commands to read data. MEASure[:CURRent[:DC]]? Parameters...
  • Page 192 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 15: SCPI Measurement Commands When :READ? is executed, its operations will then be performed. In general, another :ABORt is performed, then an :INITiate, and finally a FETCh? to acquire the readings. See “READ?,”...
  • Page 193 Section 15: SCPI Measurement Commands Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 15-6 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 194: Scpi Command Reference

    Section 16 SCPI Command Reference In this section: Topic Page Reference tables ................. 16-2 Calculate subsystems................16-16 CALCulate[1] and CALCulate2............16-17 CALCulate3 and CALCulate4.............. 16-19 CALCulate5 ..................16-20 CALCulate6 ..................16-21 CALCulate7 ..................16-22 CALCulate8 ..................16-24 DISPlay subsystem ................16-25 FORMat subsystem................

  • Page 195: Reference Tables

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Reference tables Table 16-1 through Table 16-10 summarize the commands for each SCPI subsystem. The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized.
  • Page 196 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-1 CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Subsystem to control CALC1 (channel 1) math: :CALCulate[1] Select math format (MXB[1], COND[1], MXB[1] :FORMat <name>...
  • Page 197 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-1 (cont.) CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Subsystem to control CALC5 (RATIO): :CALCulate5 Select ratio math; C3C4 (CALC3/CALC4); C3C4 :FORMat <name> C4C3 (CALC4/CALC3).
  • Page 198 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-1 (cont.) CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Clear test results: :CLEar Clear latest limit test result. [:IMMediate] Enable or disable clearing of test results when :AUTO <b>...
  • Page 199 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-3 FORMat command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI :FORMat Select data format for reading status event registers ASCii :SREGister <name> (ASCii, HEXadecimal, OCTal or BINary).
  • Page 200 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-5 SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Sense 1 subsystem to control channel 1 measurement: [:SENSe[1]] Path to configure current: :CURRent[:DC] Configure measurement range:...
  • Page 201 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-5 (cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Sense 2 subsystem to control channel 2 measurement: :SENSe2 Path to configure current: :CURRent[:DC] Configure measurement range:...
  • Page 202 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-6 SOURce command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Path to control channel 1 source: :SOURce[1] Path to clear source: :CLEar Turn selected source off.
  • Page 203 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-6 (cont.) SOURce command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Path to configure channel 1 source (continued): :SOURce[1] :VOLTage Specify start level for V-sweep; -30 to 30.
  • Page 204 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-6 (cont.) SOURce command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Path to control channel 2 source: :SOURce2 Path to clear source: :CLEar Turn selected source off.
  • Page 205 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-6 (cont.) SOURce command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Path to configure channel 2 source (continued): :SOURce2 :VOLTage Specify start level for V-sweep; -30 to 30.
  • Page 206 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-7 STATus command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Note 1 :STATus Control measurement event registers: :MEASurement Read the event register. Note 2 [:EVENt]? Program the enable register.
  • Page 207 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 16-8 SYSTem command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI :SYSTem Return to :SYSTem:PRESet defaults. :PRESet Select power-on setup (RST, PRESet or SAV 0-4). :POSetup <name>...
  • Page 208 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Table 16-10 TRIGger command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI Initiate source and measure cycle(s). :INITiate[:IMMediate] Reset trigger system. Goes to idle state. :ABORt Path to program Arm Layer:...

  • Page 209: Calculate Subsystems

    Appendix B for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various CALC NOTE operation blocks of the Model 6482. It clarifies the type of readings that are acquired by the various commands to read data. 16-16 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev.

  • Page 210: Calculate[1] And Calculate2

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference CALCulate[1] and CALCulate2 The CALC1 and CALC2 commands control math functions for channel 1 and channel 2 respectively. They perform the remote equivalents to the front panel CONFIG MSR1 and CONFIG MSR2 configuration menus.

  • Page 211: Enable And Read Math Function Result

    Model 6482 is triggered to perform the programmed source and measure operations. After the Model 6482 returns to idle, you can read the result of the selected math function using the :CALC1:DATA? or :CALC2:DATA? command. (See below).

  • Page 212: Calculate3 And Calculate4

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference An invalid NAN (not a number) result of +9.91e37 indicates that CALC1 or CALC2 is disabled or that a division by zero error has occurred. See :STATe.

  • Page 213: Enable And Read Relative Result

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual difference between the feed reading (see FEED <name> above) and the offset value: CALC3 or CALC4 reading = feed reading - null offset ACQuire :CALCulate3:NULL:ACQuire Acquire channel 1 REL value...

  • Page 214: Enable And Read Ratio Result

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Enable and read RATIO result STATe <b> :CALCulate5:STATe <b> Control RATIO Parameters <b> = 1 or ON Enable RATIO 0 or OFF Disable RATIO Query :STATe?

  • Page 215: Calculate7

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual DATA? :CALCulate6:DATA? Read DELTA result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC5 ratio calculation. When enabled, the CALC5 reading will be ratio value determined by FORMat (above).

  • Page 216: Configure And Control Limit Tests

    These commands are used to specify the condition that will cause the Limit 1 and Limit 2 tests to fail. With IN specified, the test will fail when the Model 6482 goes into compliance (fixed 20 mA current limit for each voltage source). With OUT specified, the test will fail when the Model 6482 comes out of compliance.

  • Page 217: Clear Test Results

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual FAIL? :CALCulate7:LIMit[1]:FAIL? Read Limit 1 (channel 1) test result :CALCulate7:LIMit2:FAIL? Read Limit 2 (channel 2) test result :CALCulate7:LIMitx:FAIL? Read Limit x test result (x = 3-6)

  • Page 218: Acquire Statistic

    To avoid this situation, send the :calc8:data? command and then wait for the MAV (message available) bit in the status byte register to set before addressing the Model 6482 to talk. See Section 3.
  • Page 219 As reported by the message, all front panel controls (except LOCAL and OUTPUT OFF) are disabled. Normal display operation can be resumed by using the :ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 6482 into local. MODE <name>...

  • Page 220: Read Display

    These query commands are used to read what is currently being displayed on the top and bottom displays. After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 6482 to talk, the displayed data (message or reading) will be sent to the computer.

  • Page 221: Format Subsystem

    READ?, FETCh?, MEASure?, TRACe:DATA?, CALCx:DATA? over the GPIB. All other queries are returned in the ASCII format. NOTE Regardless of which data format for output strings is selected, the Model 6482 will only respond to input commands using the ASCII format. ASCII format The ASCII data format is in a direct readable form for the operator.

  • Page 222: Data Elements

    (and terminator) should be acquired in one piece. The header (#0) can be read separately before the rest of the string. The Model 6482 terminates the binary data string with LF + EOI. If your program is set to NOTE terminate on CR and/or LF, data transfer may terminate prematurely because one or more data bytes has a CR or LF value.
  • Page 223 STATus: A status word is available to provide status information concerning Model 6482 operation. The 24-bit status word is sent in a decimal form and must be converted by the user to the binary equivalent to determine the state of each bit in the word.
  • Page 224 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Bit 8 (LIMIT_A): Encoded limit test summary bit. See grading and sorting modes “Limit test bits” below. Bit 9 (LIMIT_B): Encoded limit test summary bit. See below.

  • Page 225: Calc Data Elements

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual SOURce3 <name> :FORMat:SOURce3 <name> Set SOUR3 and TTL response formats Parameters <name> = ASCii ASCII format HEXadecimal Hexadecimal format OCTal Octal format BINary Binary format Query...

  • Page 226: Byte Order

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Query :TRACe? Query elements in data string Description This command is used to specify the elements to be recalled from the data store buffer (see “TRACe subsystem,” page Section 16-56).

  • Page 227: Status Register Format

    These commands are used to turn the channel 1 and channel 1 source outputs on or off. Turning a source off places the Model 6482 in the idle state. The only exception to this is when source auto clear is enabled. In this mode, the source turns on during each source phase of the SDM cycle and then turns off after each measurement.

  • Page 228: Output Enable Control

    The SENSe subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the Model 6482. SENSe[1] controls channel 1 measurement functions, and :SENSe2 controls channel 2 functions. Some of the commands are global, where a single command affects both channels.

  • Page 229: Select Autorange

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Query :RANGe? Query measurement range :RANGe? DEFault Query *RST default range :RANGe? MINimum Query lowest range (returns 0) :RANGe? MAXimum Query highest range Description These commands are used to manually select the measurement range for channel 1 and channel 2.

  • Page 230: Set Measurement Speed

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference ULIMit <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO:ULIMit <n>Set autoranging upper limit for channel 1 :SENSe2:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO:ULIMit <n>Set autoranging upper limit for channel 2 Parameters <n> = -21e-3 to 21e-3 Upper limit...

  • Page 231: Configure And Control Filters

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Configure and control filters NOTE Detailed information on the average and median filters are provided in Section “Filters.” All filter commands are global and commands affect both channels simultaneously.
  • Page 232 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference ADVanced:NTOLerance <n> [:SENSe[1]]:AVERage:ADVanced:NTOLerance <n>Set filter noise window :SENSe2:AVERage:ADVanced:NTOLerance <n>Set filter noise window Parameters <n> = 0 to 105 Specify filter noise tolerance in % DEfault MINimum...

  • Page 233: Source Subsystem

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Description This command is used to enable or disable the median filter. When enabled, current readings are filtered according to the specified rank. When disabled, the median filter stage is bypassed.

  • Page 234: Select Range

    SWEep: In this mode, the source will perform a voltage sweep. See “Configure sweeps,” page Section 16-44, for commands to define the sweep. The sourcing mode will default to FIXed whenever the Model 6482 goes to the local state. NOTE Select range RANGe <n>...

  • Page 235: Set Amplitude For Fixed Source

    Autorange will be disabled if a fixed range is selected. See the previous com- mand. Both *RST and :SYSTem:PREset enables source autorange. When the Model 6482 goes into the local state, source autorange disables. Set amplitude for fixed source [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] <n>...

  • Page 236: Set Delay

    These commands perform the same as the [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] commands except that the source amplitude is not updated immediately. With this command, the amplitude is updated when the Model 6482 is triggered to perform a source and measure operation. For example, if the instrument is waiting in the trigger layer for an external trigger, the amplitude of the source will not update until that external trigger is received by the Model 6482.

  • Page 237: Select Ground Connect Mode

    These commands are used to select the source ranging mode for sweeps using the channel 1 and channel 2 voltage sources. With BEST selected, the Model 6482 will select a single fixed source range that will accommodate all the source levels in the sweep. For front-panel operation, this is the BEST FIXED option.
  • Page 238 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference SPACing <name> :SOURce[1]:SWEep:SPACing <name>Select scale for source 1 sweep :SOURce2:SWEep:SPACing <name>Select scale for source 2 sweep Parameters <name> = LINear Linear scale LOGarithmic Logarithmic scale Query...
  • Page 239 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual CENTer <n> SPAN <n> :SOURce[1]:VOLTage:CENTer <n>Specify center point of source 1 sweep :SOURce[1]:VOLTage:SPAN <n>Specify span of source 1 sweep :SOURce2:VOLTage:CENTer <n>Specify center point of source 2 sweep :SOURce2:VOLTage:SPAN <n>...
  • Page 240 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference To avoid a setting conflicts error, make sure the step size is greater than the start value and less than the stop value. The number of source and measure points in a linear sweep can be calculated as...

  • Page 241: Configure List

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual DIRection <name> :SOURce[1]:SWEep:DIRection <name>Set direction of source 1 sweep :SOURce2:SWEep:DIRection <name>Set direction of source 2 sweep Parameters <name> = UP Run sweep from start to stop...

  • Page 242: Sweep And List Program Examples

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference POINts? :SOURce[1]:LIST:VOLTage:POINts?Query length of source 1 list :SOURce2:LIST:VOLTage:POINts?Query length of source 2 list Description These commands are used to determine the length of the specified source list.

  • Page 243: Status Subsystem

    0.75 5.6234 10.0000 STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem is used to control the status registers of the Model 6482. The commands in this subsystem are summarized in Table 16-7. These registers and the overall status structure are fully explained in...

  • Page 244: Read Condition Registers

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Read condition registers CONDition? :STATus:MEASurement:CONDition?Read Measurement Condition :STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition?Read Questionable Register :STATus:OPERation:CONDition?Read Operation Condition Description These query commands are used to read the contents of the condition registers.

  • Page 245: System Subsystem

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual DISable <list> :STATus:QUEue:DISable <list> Disable messages for error queue Parameters <list> = (numlist) where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the error queue.

  • Page 246: Control Autozero

    Read all errors (codes and messages) Description This query command is similar to the [:NEXT]? command except that all messages in the error queue are sent to the computer when the Model 6482 is addressed to talk. All messages are removed from the queue. COUNt?

  • Page 247: Simulate Key Presses

    Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual CODE[:NEXT]? :SYSTem:ERRor:CODE[:NEXT]?Read oldest error (code only) Description This command is identical to the [:NEXT]? command, except only the code is returned. The message itself is not returned. The error is cleared from the queue.

  • Page 248: Read Version Of Scpi Standard

    The queue for the :KEY? query command can only hold one key-press. When :KEY? is sent over the bus, and the Model 6482 is addressed to talk, the key- press code number for the last key pressed (either physically or with :KEY) is sent to the computer.

  • Page 249: Reset Timestamp

    Appendix B for a detailed explanation on how data flows through the various NOTE operation blocks of the Model 6482. It clarifies the types of readings that are acquired by the various commands to read data. CLEar :TRACe:CLEar Clear buffer Description This action command is used to clear the buffer of readings.

  • Page 250: Configure And Control Buffer

    This command is used to select the buffer control. When NEXT is selected, the asterisk (*) indicator turns on to indicate that the buffer is enabled. The storage process starts when Model 6482 is taken out of idle to perform source-measure operations.

  • Page 251: Select Timestamp Format

    Description This command is used to initiate source and measure operation by taking the Model 6482 out of idle. The :READ? and :MEASure? commands also perform an initiation. Command processing will halt until the trigger model returns to the idle state, with the following exceptions: •...

  • Page 252: Program Trigger Model

    For example, assume the arm count is set to 2 and the trigger counter is set to 10, the Model 6482 is configured to perform 10 source-measure operations twice for a total of 20 source-measure operations.
  • Page 253 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual SOURce <name> :ARM[:SEQuence[1]][LAYer[1]]:SOURce <name>Specify arm event control source :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:SOURce <name>Specify trigger event control source Parameters <name> = IMMediate Pass operation through immediately TLINk Select Trigger Link trigger as event...
  • Page 254 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 16: SCPI Command Reference DIRection <name> :ARM[:SEQuence[1]][LAYer[1]][:TCONfigure]:DIRection <name>Control arm bypass :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]][:TCONfigure]:DIRection <name>Control trigger bypass Parameters <name> = SOURce Enable control source bypass ACCeptor Disable control source bypass Query :DIRection? Query state of bypass...
  • Page 255 Section 16: SCPI Command Reference Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Description This command is used to select input lines for the Trigger Link. For normal operation, Trigger Link input and output (“OLINe”) should not share the same line.

  • Page 256: Calibration

    Section 17 Calibration In this section: Topic Page Performance verification ..............17-2 Verification test requirements .............. 17-2 Recommended test equipment............17-3 Verification limits.................. 17-4 Restoring factory defaults..............17-4 Performing the verification test procedures ......... 17-4 Current measurement accuracy ............17-5 Voltage bias accuracy................

  • Page 257: Performance Verification

    Product specifications that are listed as 18 ºC to 28 ºC assume adjustment has been NOTE done at 23 ºC. If the Model 6482 is adjusted at a different temperature, the specifications apply to ±5 ºC of that adjustment temperature.

  • Page 258: Warm-Up Period

    Line power The Model 6482 requires a line voltage of 100 V, 120 V, 200 V, or 240 V (depending on rear panel line frequency setting) and a line frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Verification tests must be performed within this range.

  • Page 259: Verification Limits

    As an example of how verification limits are calculated, assume you are testing the 2 mA range with a 1.9 mA input current. Using the Model 6482 one-year accuracy specification of ±(0.1 % of reading + 2 µA offset), the calculated reading limits are: Limits = 1.9 mA ±...

  • Page 260: Test Considerations

    1. With the power off, connect the Model 6430 to the channel 1 INPUT triaxial connector through the preamp as shown in Figure 17-1. 2. Turn on the Model 6482 and the Model 6430, and allow them to warm up for at least one hour. 3. Restore front-panel bench defaults as outlined in Restoring factory defaults.
  • Page 261 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual 15. Set the Model 5700A output to 19.0000 μA, and turn the output on. 16. Verify that the Model 6482 current reading is within the limits for the 20 μA range as shown in Table 17-2.
  • Page 262 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration Table 17-2 Current measurement verification limits Reading limits* Connections Model 6482 range Model 6430 current Model 5700A current 1 year, 18° C to 28° C (65° F to 82° F)

  • Page 263: Voltage Bias Accuracy

    Restoring factory defaults. 4. Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function, and then select autorange. 5. On the Model 6482, press the SCR1 key, and then select the 10 V bias range on channel 1 with the RANGE key. 6. Set the channel 1 source voltage to +10.000 V as follows: •...
  • Page 264 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration 8. Verify the bias voltage output is within the limits for the 10 V range shown in Table 17-3. 9. Repeat steps 6 and 8 for an output voltage of -10.000 V.

  • Page 265: Analog Output Accuracy

    1 ANALOG OUT connector, as shown in Figure 17-5. 2. Turn on the Model 6482, Model 6430, and the Model 2001 DMM. Allow them to warm up for at least one hour. 3. Restore front-panel bench defaults, as outlined in Restoring factory defaults.
  • Page 266 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration Figure 17-5 Connections for channel 1 analog output verification Model 7078-TRX-GND 3-slot male triax to BNC adapter (guard removed) IN/OUT HIGH connector Remote preamp Mainframe/ preamp cable WARNING: WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
  • Page 267 Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 17-6 Connections for channel 2 analog output verification Model 7078-TRX-GND 3-slot male triax to BNC adapter (guard removed) IN/OUT HIGH connector Remote preamp Mainframe/ preamp cable WARNING: WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

  • Page 268: Adjustment

    Line power The Model 6482 requires a line voltage of 100 V, 120 V, 200 V, or 240 V (depending on line voltage setting) at a line frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The instrument must be calibrated while operating from a line voltage within this range.

  • Page 269: Calibration Adjustment Cycle

    NOTE uncertainty for certain output values. The Model 6482 may not meet factory calibration accuracy specifications on these ranges, unless further steps are taken to characterize the corresponding source ranges using more accurate equipment. Factory calibration uses a transfer standard technique that yields uncertainties better than 4:1 for all calibration points.

  • Page 270: Calibration Menu

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration Calibration menu Table 17-6 summarizes the main calibration menu selections. To enter the calibration menu, press the MENU key, select CAL, then press the ENTER key. Use the EDIT keys to move the cursor and scroll through menu selections.

  • Page 271: Changing The Password

    Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Changing the password The default password (KI006482) may be changed from the front-panel or over a remote interface, as discussed below. Changing the password from the front-panel Follow these steps to change the password from the front-panel: 1.

  • Page 272: Viewing Calibration Dates And Calibration Count

    Step 1. Prepare the Model 6482 for calibration adjustment 1. Turn on the Model 6482 and the calibration equipment, and allow them to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration. 2. Press the MENU key, select CAL, and then press the ENTER key. Select UNLOCK, and then press the ENTER key.
  • Page 273 Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual 3. Use the EDIT keys to select the letter or number, and use the arrow keys to choose the position. Press EDIT for letters; for numbers. Enter the present password on the display.
  • Page 274 DMM INPUT LO to the inner shield of the INPUT CHANNEL 1 connector. 2. Select the DMM DC volts function, and then enable autorange. 3. From the normal display, press the Model 6482 SRC1 key, then set the channel 1 voltage bias source to the 10 V range using the RANGE key.
  • Page 275 Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual 18. Repeat steps 4 through 15 for the 30 V bias voltage range. Table 17-8 Voltage bias calibration values Voltage bias range Calibration voltages 10 V +10.0000 V 0.0000 V...
  • Page 276 DMM INPUT LO to the inner shield of the INPUT CHANNEL 2 connector. 2. Select the DMM DC volts function, and enable autorange. 3. From normal display, press the Model 6482 SRC2 key, and then set the channel 2 voltage bias source to the 10 V range using the RANGE key.
  • Page 277 2. Select the Model 6430 V/R amperes function, set the Model 6430 output to +1.90000 nA, and then turn on the output. 3. Press the Model 6482 MSR1 key, and then set channel 1 to the 2 nA current range using the RANGE key.
  • Page 278 17. Select the Model 5700A V/R amperes function and set the Model 5700A output to +19.0000 μA, and then turn on the output. 18. Press the Model 6482 MSR1 key, and then set channel 1 to the 20 μA current range using the keys (the 20 μA range has the following format: +00.0000 μA).
  • Page 279 23. Set the Model 5700A current to +19.0000 μA. 24. Use the EDIT keys to adjust the Model 6482 display value to match the Model 5700A current. 25. Press the ENTER key. The instrument will prompt for the zero current: I (0) = +00.00000 uA...
  • Page 280 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration Figure 17-9 Channel 1 current calibration connections (2 nA to 2 μA ranges) Model 7078-TRX-GND 3-slot male triax to BNC adapter (guard removed) IN/OUT HIGH connector Mainframe/preamp cable...
  • Page 281 2. Select the Model 6430 V/R amperes function, set the Model 6430 output to +1.90000 nA, and then turn on the output. 3. Press the Model 6482 MSR2 key, and then set channel 1 to the 2 nA current range using the RANGE key.
  • Page 282 17. Select the Model 5700A V/R amperes function and set the Model 5700A output to +19.0000 μA, and then turn on the output. 18. Press the Model 6482 MSR2 key, and then set channel 1 to the 20 μA current range using the keys (the 20 μA range has the following format: +00.0000 μA).
  • Page 283 Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure 17-11 Channel 2 current calibration connections (2 nA to 2 μA ranges) Model 7078-TRX-GND 3-slot male triax to BNC adapter (guard removed) IN/OUT HIGH connector Mainframe/preamp cable...
  • Page 284 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration Figure 17-12 Channel 2 current calibration connections (20 μA to 20 mA ranges) Model BG-18 Dual banana to BNC coaxial adapter. Connect output LO to shield. Model 4801...

  • Page 285: Remote Calibration

    Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Step 7. Enter calibration adjustment dates and save calibration NOTE For temporary calibration without saving new calibration constants, proceed to Step 8. Lock out calibration. 1. From the CALIBRATION menu, select SAVE, and then press the ENTER key. The instrument...

  • Page 286: Remote Calibration Procedure

    1. With the power off, connect the Model 6482 to the controller IEEE-488 interface or RS-232 port using a shielded interface cable. 2. Turn on the Model 6482 and the test equipment, and allow them to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.
  • Page 287 Section 17: Calibration Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table 17-11 summarizes the various calibration steps and associated commands, which are covered in more detail throughout the procedure. Table 17-11 Remote calibration step summary Calibrated function Calibration command*...
  • Page 288 Follow these steps to calibrate the channel 1 voltage bias source. Table 17-12 summarizes channel 1 calibration voltages and commands. 1. Connect the DMM to the Model 6482 channel 1 OUTPUT and INPUT LO terminals, as shown Figure 17-7. 2. Select the DMM DC voltage function and then enable autorange.
  • Page 289 Follow these steps to calibrate the channel 2 voltage bias source. Table 17-13 summarizes channel 1 calibration voltages and commands. 1. Connect the DMM to the Model 6482 channel 2 OUTPUT and INPUT LO terminals, as shown Figure 17-8. 2. Select the DMM DC voltage function, and enable autorange.
  • Page 290 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 17: Calibration 7. Send the following command to output 0 V: :SOUR2:VOLT 0 8. Note and record the DMM reading, and then send that value as the parameter for the following command: :CAL:PROT:SOUR2 <DMM_Reading>...
  • Page 291 :CAL:PROT:SENS1 0 -19.0000 mA :CAL:PROT:SENS1 -1.9e-2 1. Connect the Model 6430 to the Model 6482 channel 1 INPUT connector, as shown in Figure 17-9. 2. Select the Model 6430 V/R amperes function and set the output current to 1.90000 nA, and then turn on the Model 6430 output.
  • Page 292 • Send the appropriate calibration current values with the :CAL:PROT:SENS1 <Current> command. 10. Connect the Model 5700A to the Model 6482 channel 1 INPUT connector, as shown in Figure 17-10. 11. Select the Model 5700A V/R amperes function and set the output current to 1.90000 μA, and then turn on the Model 5700A output.
  • Page 293 • Send the appropriate calibration current values with the :CAL:PROT:SENS1 <Current> command. 10. Connect the Model 5700A to the Model 6482 channel 2 INPUT connector, as shown in Figure 17-10. 11. Select the Model 5700A V/R amperes function and set the output current to 1.90000 μA, and then turn on the Model 5700A output.

  • Page 294: Routine Maintenance

    Section 18 Routine Maintenance In this section: Topic Page Introduction ..................18-2 Setting the line voltage and replacing the line fuse......18-2...

  • Page 295: Introduction

    The Model 6482 operates from a line voltage in the range of 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, and 240 V (±10 percent) at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Before plugging in the instrument, make sure the line...
  • Page 296 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Section 18: Routine Maintenance Figure 18-1 Model 6482 rear panel line fuse Model 6482 WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIAL NO. INPUT MADE IN IEEE-488 RATINGS MAX.
  • Page 297 Section 18: Routine Maintenance Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 18-4 Return to Section Topics 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 298: Status And Error Messages

    Appendix A Status and Error Messages In this appendix: Topic Page Introduction ..................Status and error messages ............Eliminating common SCPI errors ..........

  • Page 299: Introduction

    Negative (-) numbers are used for SCPI-defined messages, and positive (+) numbers are used for Keithley-defined messages. Note that error and status conditions will also set specific bits in various status registers, as summarized in Table A-1.
  • Page 300 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix A: Status and Error Messages Table A-1 Status and error messages Number Error message Event Status register -440 Query UNTERMINATED after Standard Event indefinite response -430 Query DEADLOCKED Standard Event...
  • Page 301 Appendix A: Status and Error Messages Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table A-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Error message Event Status register -178 Expression data not allowed Standard Event -171 Invalid expression Standard Event...
  • Page 302 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix A: Status and Error Messages Table A-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Error message Event Status register +000 No error Measurement events: +100 Limit 1 failed Measurement Event +101...
  • Page 303 Appendix A: Status and Error Messages Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Table A-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Error message Event Status register Calibration errors: +500 Date of calibration not set Standard Event +501 Next date of calibration not set...

  • Page 304: Eliminating Common Scpi Errors

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix A: Status and Error Messages Table A-1 (cont.) Status and error messages Number Error message Event Status register +822 Too small for sense range Standard Event +824 Cannot exceed compliance range...
  • Page 305 Valid query following an invalid command: This situation can occur when you send multiple commands or queries (program message units) within one command string (program message). When the Model 6482 detects an error in a program message unit, it discards all further program message units until the end of the string; for example: :SENS1:DATE?;...

  • Page 306: Data Flow

    Appendix B Data Flow In this appendix: Topic Page Introduction ..................CALCulate[1]:DATA? and CALCulate2:DATA? ..... CALCulate[1]:DATA? and CALCulate2:DATA? ..... CALCulate3:DATA? and CALCulate4:DATA? ....... CALCulate5:DATA? and CALCulate6:DATA? ....... CALCulate7:DATA? ..............TRACe:DATA? ................CALCulate8:DATA? ..............

  • Page 307: Introduction

    Appendix B: Data Flow Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Introduction Data flow for remote operation is summarized by the block diagram shown in Figure B-1. Refer to this block diagram for the following discussion. Figure B-1...

  • Page 308: Sens1 And Sens2

    After all source and measure operations are completed, the Model 6482 returns to the idle state. The data stored in the sample buffer will remain there until data from another source-measure cycle overwrites the buffer. Data in the sample buffer is lost if the Model goes to the local state (REM indicator off).

  • Page 309: Calculate5:Data? And Calculate6:Data

    Appendix B: Data Flow Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Note that CALC3 and CALC4 can also be fed to the CALC7 block for limit testing, and to the data store buffer for :TRACe:DATA? CALC8:DATA? buffer statistics.

  • Page 310: Introduction

    Appendix C IEEE-488 Bus Overview In this appendix: Topic Page Introduction ..................Bus description ................. Bus lines .................... Bus commands ................Interface function codes C-12 ..............
  • Page 311 Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Introduction The IEEE-488 bus is a communication system between two or more electronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller.
  • Page 312 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Bus description The IEEE-488 bus, which is also frequently referred to as the GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines.

  • Page 313: Bus Lines

    Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure C-1 IEEE-488 bus configuration To Other Devices Device 1 Able to Talk, Listen, and Control (Computer) Data Bus Device 2 Able to Talk and Listen...

  • Page 314: Bus Management Lines

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Bus management lines The five bus management lines help to ensure proper interface control and management. These lines are used to send the uniline commands. ATN (Attention): The ATN line is one of the more important management lines. The state of this line determines how information on the data bus is to be interpreted.

  • Page 315: Bus Commands

    Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure C-2 IEEE-488 handshake sequence Data Source Source Valid Acceptor All Ready NRFD All Accepted NDAC Acceptor Bus commands The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE-488 interface.

  • Page 316: Uniline Commands

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Table C-1 IEEE-488 bus command summary Command State of type Command ATN line Comments Uniline REN (Remote Enable) Set up devices for remote operation. EOI (End Or Identify) Marks end of transmission.

  • Page 317: Addressed Multiline Commands

    #H40. Talk commands are used to address devices to talk. SCG (Secondary Command Group): Commands in this group provide additional addressing capabilities. Many devices (including the Model 6482) do not use these commands. Unaddress commands The two unaddress commands are used by the controller to remove any talkers or listeners from the bus.

  • Page 318: Scpi Commands

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset. The IEEE-488 bus treats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmitted.

  • Page 319: Typical Command Sequences

    Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure C-3 Command codes Typical command sequences For the various multiline commands, a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands.
  • Page 320 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Table C-3 Typical addressed multiline command sequence Data bus Step Command ATN state ASCII Decimal Set low LAG* Stays low Stays low Returns high *Assumes primary address = 25.

  • Page 321: Ieee Command Groups

    The interface function codes, which are part of the IEEE-488 standards, define an instrument's ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual. The interface function codes for the Model 6482 are listed in Table C-6.
  • Page 322 DC (Device Clear Function): DC1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared (initialized). DT (Device Trigger Function): DT1 defines the ability of the Model 6482 to have readings triggered. C (Controller Function): The instrument does not have controller capabilities (C0).
  • Page 323 Appendix C: IEEE-488 Bus Overview Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. Section Topics C-14 Return to 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 324: Measurement Considerations

    Appendix D Measurement Considerations In this appendix: Topic Page Low current measurements ............General measurement considerations .........

  • Page 325: Low Current Measurements

    Table D-1 summarizes minimum recommended source resistance values for various measurement ranges for the Model 6482 ammeters. Note Section Topics Return to 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...

  • Page 326: Generated Currents

    Source capacitance The source capacitance of the device under test (DUT) will also affect the noise performance of the Model 6482 ammeters. In general, as source capacitance increases, the noise gain also increases. The elements of interest for this discussion are the capacitance (C...
  • Page 327 As long as the internal and external offsets remain stable for a reasonable period of time, the relative feature of the Model 6482 can be used to zero out offset current. With the source current ) set to zero, the ammeter will only measure and display the offset current reading. When REL is enabled, the display will zero.

  • Page 328: Voltage Burden

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix D: Measurement Considerations • Use low noise cables. These cables are specially designed to minimize charge generation and use graphite to reduce friction. • Use the shortest cables possible, and secure them (for example, taping or tying) to a non- vibrating surface to keep them from moving.

  • Page 329: General Measurement Considerations

    Appendix D: Measurement Considerations Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Figure D-1 Voltage burden Model 6482 = < 1mV – V General measurement considerations The following measurement considerations apply to all precision measurements. Ground loops Ground loops that occur in multiple-instrument test setups can create error signals that cause erratic or erroneous measurements.

  • Page 330: Light

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix D: Measurement Considerations Figure D-3 Eliminating ground loops Instrument 1 Instrument 2 Instrument 3 Power Line Ground Light Some components, such as semiconductor junctions and MOS capacitors on semiconductor wafers, are excellent light detectors. Consequently, these components must be tested in a light- free environment.

  • Page 331: Electromagnetic Interference (Emi

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Electromagnetic interference (EMI) The electromagnetic interference characteristics of the Model 6482 comply with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements of the European Union as denoted by the CE mark. However, it is still possible for sensitive measurements to be affected by external sources. In these instances, special precautions may be required in the measurement setup.

  • Page 332: Gpib 488.1 Protocol

    Appendix E GPIB 488.1 Protocol In this appendix: Topic Page Introduction ..................Selecting the 488.1 protocol ............Protocol differences .................

  • Page 333: Selecting The 488.1 Protocol

    Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Introduction The Model 6482 supports two GPIB protocols: SCPI and 488.1. The 488.1 protocol is included to significantly increase speed over the GPIB. When using the 488.1 protocol, throughput is enhanced up to 10 times for data sent to the Model 6482 (command messages) and up to 20 times for data returned by the Model 6482 (response messages).

  • Page 334: Using Scpi-Based Programs

    Interface Clear (IFC) must be performed to reset the query. • When sending a command or query, do not attempt to read data from the Model 6482 until the terminator has been sent (usually Line Feed with EOI). Otherwise, a DCL or IFC must be sent to reset the input parser.

  • Page 335: General Operation Notes

    GPIB operation. • If the instrument is in REMote, the GTL command may not put the Model 6482 into the local mode. Only the front panel LOCAL key is guaranteed to operate, if not in local lockout (LLO). GTL will still disable LLO.

  • Page 336: Example Programs

    Appendix F Example Programs In this appendix: Topic Page Introduction ..................Basic measurement program ............Data store program ................Linear sweep program ..............Limit test program ................

  • Page 337: Limit Test Program

    Appendix F: Example Programs Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Introduction This section provides listings of pseudo-code for example programs throughout this manual. These programs include: • Basic measurement program from Section • Data store program from Section •...
  • Page 338 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix F: Example Programs Data store program The program listing below performs data storage as covered in Section 6, and it also demonstrates how to use SRQs to determine when storage is complete. This program sets up the following operating modes: •...
  • Page 339 Appendix F: Example Programs Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Linear sweep program The program listing below performs a linear sweep as covered in Section 7. This program sets up the following operating modes: • Source and measure channel: channel 2 •...
  • Page 340 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Appendix F: Example Programs Limit test program The program listing below performs a limits test as covered in Section 10. This program sets up the following operating modes: • Source and measure channel: channel 1 •...
  • Page 341 Appendix F: Example Programs Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. Section Topics Return to 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...
  • Page 342 ........16-17 ............. 5-3 CALCulate3 ........16-19 reset registers and clear queues ... 13-4 CALCulate4 ........16-19 SCPI signal-oriented measurement 15-1 CALCulate5 ........16-20 source delay ........3-6 CALCulate6 ........16-21 speed ..........4-5 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...
  • Page 343 Index Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual srq enable register ......13-9 IEEE-488 ......12-3 12-4 staircase sweep ......7-11 input ..........1-7 status byte and SRQ ......13-8 line power ......... 1-7 trigger ..........8-19 output ..........2-4 voltage source ........3-10...
  • Page 344 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Index disabling .........1-10 stages ..........4-6 Format ..........1-10 flow control ........... 12-14 format subsystem ......... 16-28 format ..........1-10 front panel ..........1-5 menus ..........1-23 front panel calibration ......17-17 readings .......6-3...
  • Page 345 Index Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual front panel procedure ....... 3-8 function configuration menu ..... 5-5 key presses math functions ........5-4 simulating ........16-54 menus ..........1-19 keys programming example ....3-10 channel select ........1-10 range ..........
  • Page 346 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Index output .............11-2 storing ..........6-2 control ..........3-8 rear panel ........1-7 18-3 menus ..........1-23 recommended calibration equipment ... 17-14 slew time ..........3-5 recommended test equipment ....17-3 recommended verification equipment ..
  • Page 347 Index Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual eliminating common errors ....A-7 aquire ........... 16-25 measurement commands ....15-1 select ..........16-24 reference tables ......16-2 status and error messages .. 1-10 12-7 status byte and srq ....... 13-2...
  • Page 348 Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual Index from the front panel ...... 17-15 through a remote interface ... 17-15 verification limits ........17-4 example limits calculation ....17-4 verification test requirements ....17-2 environmental conditions ....17-2 line power ........17-3 warm-up period ......17-3...
  • Page 349 Index Model 6482 Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source Reference Manual This page left blank intentionally. 6482-901-01 Rev. A / August 2012...
  • Page 350 M E A S U R E C O N F I D E N C E Keithley Instruments, Inc. Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY • www.keithley.com 12/06...

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