Keithley 6482 Picoammeter/Voltage Source Manuals

Keithley 6482 Picoammeter/Voltage Source Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for Keithley 6482 Picoammeter/Voltage Source. We have 1 Keithley 6482 Picoammeter/Voltage Source manual available for free PDF download: Reference Manual

Keithley 6482 Reference Manual

Keithley 6482 Reference Manual (350 pages)

Dual-Channel Picoammeter / Voltage Source

Brand: Keithley | Category: Measuring Instruments | Size: 7 MB

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
4
1 Getting Started

14
- Introduction
  15
- General Information
  15
  - Extended Warranty
    15
  - Contact Information
    15
  - Inspection for Damage
    15
  - Shipment Contents
    16
  - Instruction Manual
    16
  - Repacking for Shipment
    16
  - Options and Accessories
    16
- Product Overview
  17
- Specifications
  18
- Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
  18
  - Front-Panel Summary
    18
  - Rear Panel Summary
    20
- Power-Up
  21
  - Line Voltage Selection
    21
  - Line Power Connection
    21
  - Power-Up Sequence
    21
  - System Identification
    22
  - Line Frequency Setting
    22
  - Fuse Replacement
    22
- Display
  23
  - Display Format
    23
  - DISPLAY CHANNEL SELECT Key
    23
  - DISPLAY TOGGLE Key
    23
  - Status and Error Messages
    23
  - Disabling the Front-Panel Display
    23
  - Remote Display Programming
    24
  - Front-Panel Tests
    24
- Default Settings
  25
  - Saving and Restoring User Setups
    25
  - Power-On Configuration
    25
  - Factory Default Settings
    25
  - Remote Setups
    27
- Menus
  28
  - Main Menu
    28
  - Rules to Navigate Menus
    29
  - Editing Voltage Bias Values
    30
  - Configuration Menus
    31
2 Connections

38
- Connection Precautions
  39
- Input and Output Connectors
  39
- Connector Terminals
  40
  - Input Connectors
    41
  - Analog Output Connectors
    41
  - Voltage Source Output Connectors
    41
- Output Enable
  42
- Connection Methods
  42
- Analog Output Connections
  45
  - Nonisolated Connections
    45
  - Isolated Connections
    46
  - Equivalent Circuits
    47
3 Basic Operation

50
- Operation Overview
  51
  - Measurement and Voltage Bias Capabilities
    51
  - Ranges
    51
  - Compliance
    51
  - Basic Circuit Configuration
    52
- Operation Considerations
  52
  - Warm-Up
    52
  - Autozero
    52
  - Source Delay
    53
  - Ground Connect Mode
    55
- Basic Measurement Procedure
  57
- Using the Analog Outputs
  60
4 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

62
- Range and Digits
  63
  - Measurement Range
    63
  - Digits
    64
  - Remote Range and Digits Programming
    65
  - Range and Digits Programming Example
    65
- Speed
  65
  - Setting Speed
    66
  - Remote Speed Programming
    66
- Filters
  67
  - Filter Stages
    67
  - Filter Configuration
    70
  - Filter Control
    70
  - Remote Filter Programming
    72
5 Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta

74
- Relative
  75
  - Front Panel Relative Offset
    75
  - Remote Relative Offset Programming
    76
- Measurement Math Functions
  77
  - Math Functions
    77
  - Front Panel Math Functions
    78
  - Remote Math Functions
    79
  - Math Function Programming Example
    79
- RATIO and DELTA
  79
6 Data Store

84
- Data Store Overview
  85
- Front-Panel Data Store
  85
  - Storing Readings
    85
  - Recalling Readings
    85
  - Buffer Statistics
    86
  - Timestamp Format
    87
  - Timestamp Accuracy
    87
  - Buffer Considerations
    87
- Remote Command Data Store
  88
  - Data Store Commands
    88
  - Data Store Programming Example
    89
7 Sweep Operation

90
- Sweep Types
  91
  - Linear Staircase Sweep
    91
  - Logarithmic Staircase Sweep
    91
  - Custom Sweep
    93
- Configuring and Running a Sweep
  94
  - Front-Panel Sweep Operation
    94
  - Performing Sweeps
    96
  - Remote Sweep Operation
    100
8 Triggering

104
- Front-Panel Operation of the Trigger Model
  105
  - Idle
    105
  - Event Detection
    106
- Trigger Layer
  107
  - Trigger Delay
    108
  - Source, Delay, and Measure Actions
    108
  - Counters
    108
  - Output Triggers
    108
  - Bench Defaults
    109
  - Operation Summary
    109
- Trigger Link
  109
  - Input Trigger Requirements
    110
  - Output Trigger Specifications
    110
  - External Triggering Example
    111
- Configuring Triggering
  115
  - CONFIGURE TRIGGER Menu
    115
- Remote Operation of the Trigger Model
  117
  - Trigger Model
    117
  - Idle and Initiate
    117
  - Event Detection
    118
  - Arm Layer
    119
  - Trigger Layer
    119
  - Trigger Delay
    120
  - Source, Delay, and Measure Actions
    120
  - Counters
    120
  - Output Triggers
    121
  - GPIB Defaults
    121
  - Operation Summary
    122
  - Remote Trigger Commands
    122
  - Remote Trigger Example
    123
9 Measurement Concepts

124
- Source-Delay-Measure Cycle
  125
  - Overview
    125
  - Triggering
    125
  - Delay Phase
    126
  - Measurement Time
    126
- Sweep Waveforms
  126
  - Staircase Sweeps
    126
  - Custom Sweep
    126
  - SDM Cycle During Sweeps
    126
  - Typical Sweep Applications
    127
  - Sweep Data Storage
    127
- Bias Source Operating Boundaries
  127
  - Limit Lines
    127
  - Loading Effects
    128
- Data Flow
  129
  - Basic Readings
    130
  - Data Storage Enabled
    130
  - Limit Test Enabled
    130
10 Limit Testing

134
- Types of Limits
  135
  - Pass or Fail Information
    135
  - Data Flow
    135
  - Limit Test Feeds
    135
  - Limit 1 and 2 Tests (Compliance)
    136
  - Limit 3 to 6 Tests
    136
  - Limit Tests
    136
- Operation Overview
  136
  - Output Enable Connector
    138
- Configuring and Performing Limit Tests
  138
  - Configuring Limit Tests
    138
  - Performing Limit Tests
    139
- Remote Limit Testing
  140
  - Limit Commands
    140
  - Limit Test Programming Example
    141
11 Output Enable and Output Configuration

142
- Output Enable
  143
  - Ground
    143
  - Input (SOT) Line
    143
  - Output Enable (/OE)
    144
- Front-Panel Output Configuration
  145
  - Configure OUTPUT Menu
    145
- Remote Output Configuration
  145
  - Output Configuration Commands
    145
  - Output Configuration Programming Example
    146
12 Remote Operations

148
- Remote Versus Local Operation
  149
  - Local-To-Remote Transition
    149
  - Remote-To-Local Transition
    149
- Selecting an Interface
  149
- GPIB Operation
  150
  - GPIB Standards
    150
  - GPIB Connections
    150
  - Primary Address
    152
- General Bus Commands
  152
  - REN (Remote Enable)
    152
  - IFC (Interface Clear)
    153
  - LLO (Local Lockout)
    153
  - GTL (Go to Local)
    153
  - DCL (Device Clear)
    153
  - SDC (Selective Device Clear)
    153
  - GET (Group Execute Trigger)
    153
  - SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
    154
- Front-Panel GPIB Operation
  154
  - Error and Status Messages
    154
  - GPIB Status Indicators
    154
  - LOCAL Key
    155
- Programming Syntax
  155
  - Command Words
    155
  - Query Commands
    157
  - Case Sensitivity
    157
  - Long-Form and Short-Form Versions
    157
  - Short-Form Rules
    158
  - Program Messages
    158
  - Response Messages
    160
  - Message Exchange Protocol
    160
- RS-232 Interface Operation
  160
  - Sending and Receiving Data
    160
  - Baud Rate
    161
  - Data Bits and Parity
    161
  - Terminator
    161
  - Flow Control (Signal Handshaking)
    161
  - RS-232 Connections
    161
  - Error Messages
    162
13 Status Structure

164
- Overview
  165
  - Status Byte and SRQ
    165
  - Status Register Sets
    165
  - Queues
    165
- Clearing Registers and Queues
  166
- Programming and Reading Registers
  167
  - Programming Enable Registers
    167
  - Reading Registers
    168
- Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ)
  169
  - Status Byte Register
    170
  - Service Request Enable Register
    171
  - Serial Polling and SRQ
    171
  - Status Byte and Service Request Commands
    171
- Status Register Sets
  172
  - Register Bit Descriptions
    172
  - Condition Registers
    178
  - Event Registers
    178
  - Event Enable Registers
    178
- Queues
  179
  - Output Queue
    180
  - Error Queue
    180
14 Common Commands

182
- Command Summary
  183
- Command Reference
  183
  - IDN? - Identification Query
    183
  - OPC - Operation Complete
    183
  - OPC? - Operation Complete Query
    184
  - OPT? - Option Query
    184
  - SAV <Nrf> - Save Setup
    184
  - RCL <Nrf> - Recall Setup
    184
  - RST - Reset
    185
  - TRG - Trigger
    185
  - TST? - Self-Test Query
    186
  - WAI - Wait-To-Continue
    186
15 SCPI Measurement Commands

188
- Command Summary
  189
- Configuring Measurement Function
  189
  - Configure:current[:DC]
    189
- Acquiring Readings
  190
  - Fetch
    190
  - Data[:Latest]
    190
  - Read
    191
  - Measure[:Current[:DC]]
    191
16 SCPI Command Reference

194
- Reference Tables
  195
- Calculate Subsystems
  209
- Calculate[1] and Calculate2
  210
  - Select Math Function
    210
  - Set MX + B Parameters
    210
  - Enable and Read Math Function Result
    211
- Calculate3 and Calculate4
  212
  - Select Input Path
    212
- Set or Acquire Relative Value
  212
- Enable and Read Relative Result
  213
- Calculate5
  213
  - Select RATIO Calculation Mode
    213
  - Enable and Read RATIO Result
    214
- Calculate6
  214
  - Select DELTA Calculation Mode
    214
  - Enable and Read DELTA Result
    214
- Calculate7
  215
  - Select Input Path
    215
  - Read Limits Data
    215
  - Configure and Control Limit Tests
    216
  - Clear Test Results
    217
- Calculate8
  217
  - Select Statistic
    217
  - Acquire Statistic
    218
- Display Subsystem
  218
  - Control Display
    218
  - Read Display
    220
  - Define :TEXT Messages
    220
- Format Subsystem
  221
  - Data Format
    221
  - Data Elements
    222
  - CALC Data Elements
    225
  - Trace Data Elements
    225
  - Byte Order
    226
  - Status Register Format
    227
  - Turn Source on or off
    227
  - Output Enable Control
    228
- Sense Subsystem
  228
  - Select Measurement Range
    228
  - Select Autorange
    229
  - Set Measurement Speed
    230
  - Configure and Control Filters
    231
- Source Subsystem
  233
  - Source[1] and Source2
    233
  - Control Source Output On-Off
    233
  - Select Sourcing Mode
    233
  - Select Range
    234
  - Set Amplitude for Fixed Source
    235
  - Set Delay
    236
  - Select Ground Connect Mode
    237
  - Configure Sweeps
    237
  - Configure List
    241
  - Sweep and List Program Examples
    242
- Status Subsystem
  243
  - Read Event Registers
    243
  - Program Event Enable Registers
    243
  - Read Condition Registers
    244
  - Select Default Conditions
    244
  - Error Queue
    244
- System Subsystem
  245
  - Default Conditions
    245
  - Control Autozero
    246
  - Select Power Line Frequency Setting
    246
  - Error Queue
    246
  - Simulate Key Presses
    247
  - Read Version of SCPI Standard
    248
  - RS-232 Interface
    248
  - Reset Timestamp
    249
- Trace Subsystem
  249
  - Read and Clear Buffer
    249
  - Configure and Control Buffer
    250
    
    Select Timestamp Format
    251
  - Trigger Subsystem
    251
    
    Initiate Source/Measure Cycle
    251
    
    Abort Source/Measure Cycle
    251
    
    Program Trigger Model
    252
- Calibration
  
  256
  - Performance Verification
    257
  - Verification Test Requirements
    257
    
    Environmental Conditions
    257
    
    Warm-Up Period
    258
    
    Line Power
    258
  - Recommended Test Equipment
    258
  - Verification Limits
    259
    
    Example Limits Calculation
    259
  - Restoring Factory Defaults
    259
  - Performing the Verification Test Procedures
    259
    
    Test Summary
    259
    
    Test Considerations
    260
  - Current Measurement Accuracy
    260
  - Voltage Bias Accuracy
    263
  - Analog Output Accuracy
    265
  - Adjustment
    268
  - Environmental Conditions
    268
    
    Temperature and Relative Humidity
    268
    
    Warm-Up Period
    268
    
    Line Power
    268
  - Adjustment Considerations
    268
    
    Calibration Adjustment Cycle
    269
    
    Recommended Calibration Adjustment Equipment
    269
  - Calibration Menu
    270
  - Unlocking Calibration
    270
    
    Unlocking Calibration from the Front-Panel
    270
    
    Unlocking Calibration through a Remote Interface
    270
  - Changing the Password
    271
    
    Changing the Password from the Front-Panel
    271
    
    Changing the Password through a Remote Interface
    271
  - Resetting the Calibration Password
    271
  - Viewing Calibration Dates and Calibration Count
    272
  - Calibration Adjustment Errors
    272
    
    Front-Panel Error Reporting
    272
    
    Remote Error Reporting
    272
  - Aborting Calibration Steps
    272
  - Front-Panel Calibration
    272
  - Remote Calibration
    285
    
    Remote Calibration Command Summary
    285
    
    Remote Calibration Procedure
    286
18 Routine Maintenance

294
- Introduction
  295
- Setting the Line Voltage and Replacing the Line Fuse
  295
- Status and Error Messages
  
  298
  - Introduction
    299
  - Status and Error Messages
    299
  - Eliminating Common SCPI Errors
    304
- Data Flow
  
  306
  - Introduction
    307
    
    SENS1 and SENS2
    308
    
    Calculate[1]:Data? and Calculate2:Data
    308
    
    Calculate3:Data? and Calculate4:Data
    308
  - Calculate5:Data? and Calculate6:Data
    309
  - Calculate7:Data
    309
  - Trace:data
    309
  - Calculate8:Data
    309
100 C IEEE-488 Bus Overview

310
- Introduction
  310
- Bus Lines
  313
  - Data Lines
    313
  - Bus Management Lines
    314
  - Handshake Lines
    314
- Bus Commands
  315
  - Uniline Commands
    316
  - Universal Multiline Commands
    316
  - Addressed Multiline Commands
    317
  - Address Commands
    317
  - Unaddress Commands
    317
  - Common Commands
    317
  - SCPI Commands
    318
  - Command Codes
    318
  - Typical Command Sequences
    319
  - IEEE Command Groups
    321
- Interface Function Codes
  321
Measurement Considerations

324
- Low Current Measurements
  325
  - Leakage Currents
    325
  - Noise and Source Impedance
    325
  - Generated Currents
    326
  - Voltage Burden
    328
- General Measurement Considerations
  329
  - Ground Loops
    329
  - Light
    330
  - Electrostatic Interference
    330
  - Magnetic Fields
    330
  - Electromagnetic Interference (EMI
    331
GPIB 488.1 Protocol

332
- Introduction
  332
- Selecting the 488.1 Protocol
  333
- Protocol Differences
  333
  - Message Exchange Protocol (MEP
    333
  - Using SCPI-Based Programs
    334
  - Bus Hold-Off
    334
  - Trigger-On-Talk
    334
  - Message Available
    334
  - General Operation Notes
    335
Example Programs

336
- Introduction
  336
- Basic Measurement Program
  336
- Data Store Program
  336
- Linear Sweep Program
  336
- Limit Test Program
  337

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