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Kipp & Zonen BREWER MK IV Instruction Manual

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Mk IV

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Summary of Contents for Kipp & Zonen BREWER MK IV

  • Page 1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL Mk IV...
  • Page 2 REVISION HISTORY DESCRIPTION DCN # DATE APPD Update 99-16-12 Update 07-16-10...
  • Page 4 MANUFACTURER'S GUARANTEE / WARRANTY If a warranty statement is not included in a purchasing contract, then the following warranty statement shall apply. NEW PRODUCT WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY KIPP & ZONEN B.V. hereby warrants to its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of purchase.
  • Page 6 Recommendations by Environment Canada Mark III Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometers are recommended by Environment Canada (EC) as the significantly superior model of Brewer instrument with which to measure ozone in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum. EC strongly discourages the use of other models of the Brewer instrument for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation or ozone in the UV because of the much poorer stray light performance of the single monochromator versions of the instrument.

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........................7 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION......................... 9 2.1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER ....................10 2.1.1 Mechanical Construction .....................11 2.2 SOLAR TRACKING ........................ 20 2.2.1 Zenith Positioning System ...................20 2.2.2 Azimuth Positioning System ..................20 2.3 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT ..................... 21 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP ......................23 3.1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER UNPACKING AND SETUP............
  • Page 9 APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING ..................91 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS ....................93 Setup and Calibration Tests......................93 AZ: Zero the Azimuth Tracker ....................94 DT: Photomultiplier Deadtime Test ..................94 HG: Mercury-Line Wavelength Calibration................96 Humidity Sensor Test ......................97 Inter-Comparison Calibration ....................100 RS: Slitmask Motor Run/Stop Test ..................100 SC: Scan Test on Direct Sun .....................101 SH Shutter-Motor (Slitmask Motor) Timing Test ..............102 SL: Standard Lamp Test .....................103...

  • Page 10: System Overview

    16-10-200716-10-2007 1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Brewer Spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument which measures Ultra Violet, or Visible, radiation in the solar spectrum. By examining the differential absorption of select wavelengths in the UVB portion of the spectrum, determinations of Total Column Ozone and Total Column Sulpher Dioxide are inferred.
  • Page 11 The Brewer Spectrophotometer is the core component of a complete Brewer System which is comprised of the following: Brewer Spectrophotometer Solar Tracking System IBM PC or compatible Computer operating Brewer Software Printer All of the above equipment is available from KIPP & ZONEN B.V.. The Brewer Spectrophotometer is supplied with a complete set of programs which control all aspects of data collection and some analysis.

  • Page 12: System Description

    16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Brewer MKIV Spectrophotometer is an optical instrument designed to measure ground-level intensities of attenuated solar radiation in either the UV or the Blue spectral region. The Brewer contains a modified Ebert f/6 spectrometer, utilizing a 1200 line / mm holographic diffraction grating, operated in the second order for UV and third order for the visible measurements.

  • Page 13: Spectrophotometer

    Figure 2.2: View of Brewer with Covers Removed SPECTROPHOTOMETER Table 2.1: Spectrophotometer Specifications Slit wavelengths: ‘ozone’ (nm): 303.2 (Hg slit) , 306.3, 310.1, 313.5, 316.8, 320.1 NO (nm): 426.4, 431.4, 437.3, 442.8, 448.1, 453.2 Mercury-calibration (O mode) 302.15 nm Resolution 0.6 nm in UV;...

  • Page 14: Mechanical Construction

    16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2.1.1 Mechanical Construction Refer to Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. The Brewer Spectrophotometer is housed in a weatherproof enclosure constructed from two pieces - a base, to which all optical and electronic assemblies are installed, and a removable cover. When the cover is fastened in place, a weatherproof seal is formed between the top edge of the base and the bottom of the cover.
  • Page 15 Jumper setting Minimum temperature 20°C 10°C The default setting is a minimum temperature of 20°C. Zenith Pointing System Refer to Figure 2.3 and Table 2.3 A right-angle zenith prism [ZP 1] directs incoming light from the sun, the sky, or the test lamps onto the optical axis of the instrument.
  • Page 16 16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Specifications of the Zenith Motor: Resolution: ±0.13° Accuracy (24 hours): ± 0.25° Angular range: 270° Table 2.2 Optical Components of Brewer Spectrophotometer Identification Description Fixed aperture, 11.18 mm AP 1 Entrance slit plate, dia: 26.37 mm, thk: 0.10 mm ES 1 Slit, length: 3.30 mm, width: 0.34 mm.
  • Page 17 Figure 2.4: Optical Elements of Brewer Spectrophotometer Lamp Assembly A quartz-halogen lamp [HL 1] provides a well-regulated light source which is used as a reference for sensitivity measurements. The lamp is powered by a constant current source of nominal value 1.5 A, held to within 0.5% over a temperature range of –20°...
  • Page 18 16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Figure 2.5: Top View of Spectrophotometer FOREOPTICS Refer to Figure 2.4 and Figure 2.5 The automated system drives stepper motors which control three elements in the foreoptics assembly - the Iris Diaphragm, Filterwheel #1, and Filterwheel #2. The associated driving and sensing electronics are integrated into the Main Electronics board.
  • Page 19 When the instrument is aligned to view sunlight, an image of the sun is focused at the centre of the iris. With the iris closed, about three solar diameters of skylight around the sun pass through the iris aperture into the spectrometer. With the iris open, about 10° of skylight enters the spectrometer.
  • Page 20 16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION At the exit of the spectrometer is a cylindrical mask which exposes only one wavelength slit at a time. The mask is positioned by a stepper motor which cycles through all five operating wavelengths, approximately once per second. Spectrometer Detailed Description Light enters the entrance slit and passes through a tilted lens [LE 5] which corrects for the coma and astigmatic aberrations inherent in an Ebert system.
  • Page 21 Micrometer A metric micrometer head, clamped to the spectrometer frame is used to adjust the grating rotation. The micrometer shaft is ground to a 60 degree cone which inserts into a bearings at one end of a floating pushrod.. A conical depression with a tetrahedral corner at the other end of the pushrod locates a 60-degree cone mounted on the end of the grating lever arm.
  • Page 22 16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Filter Wheel #3 Assembly (FW#3) Light emerging from the exit slits passes through Filter Wheel #3 which contains Spectral “Order” filters. When the Brewer is in the Ozone Mode, a UG-11/NiSO4 filter combination prevents radiation above 325nm from passing. In the NO2 mode of operation, a BG-12 filter blocks UV radiation.

  • Page 23: Solar Tracking

    The major electronic subsystems of the instrument are: • Main power supply. • Main Electronics board - carries control program Flash EPROMs, and a serial communications interface which runs at 1200 baud (bits per second) and provides the following functions: •...

  • Page 24: Computer Equipment

    16-10-200716-10-2007 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION mounted on a Tripod assembly and is levelled by means of adjustments on each tripod leg. Between the Spectrophotometer and the Tracker is a control cable which carries positioning commands from the Brewer electronics. The positioning commands are input to a motor driver, which provides drive for a stepper motor.
  • Page 25 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 26: Brewer System Setup

    16-10-200716-10-2007 3. BREWER SYSTEM SETUP BREWER SYSTEM SETUP Prior to accepting a shipment from the carrier, the containers should be inspected for damage. If any dents or major scratches, cuts, etc. are evident, a damage claim should be filed with the carrier. Only after incoming inspection and operational tests of the Brewer are successfully completed, should the shipment be accepted.
  • Page 27 Figure 3.2 Brewer Equipment Setup Figure 3.3: Brewer Spectrophotometer / Tracker / Tripod MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 28: Spectrophotometer Unpacking And Setup

    16-10-200716-10-2007 3. BREWER SYSTEM SETUP SPECTROPHOTOMETER UNPACKING AND SETUP Open the Brewer crate and inspect the contents - at least the following items will be found: - Brewer Spectrophotometer - AC Power Cable, BA-W12 - Data Communications Cable, BA-W68 - RS422/RS232 Data Set and AC Power Converter - Manuals (Operator’s, Service, Final Test Record) - Basic Spares Kit, BA-C112 - Brewer System Diskettes (three diskettes)

  • Page 29: Mounting The Brewer

    Check the Safety Switch as follows, taking care not to break the nylon cord: Rotate the Tracker slowly until the black blocking mechanism mounted to the large circular disk is positioned within the Sensor, which is mounted beneath the Safety Switch, This is the “reference”...

  • Page 30: Brewer Operating Software

    16-10-200716-10-2007 3. BREWER SYSTEM SETUP BREWER OPERATING SOFTWARE Brewer Operating Software is provided on three 3.5” diskettes, with part numbers BA-E116, BA- E118, and BA-U07, and will be installed in step 2. below. Disk BA-E116 contains files in directories \ , \DOS , \BREWER, \UTIL, \UV-LAMP. \ directory -- these are batch files, those with .BA_ extensions to be used as examples, and those with .BAT extensions to be used to launch the BREWER and the NOBREWER software.

  • Page 31: Brewer / Computer Integration

    Using a text editor again, open the “ICF” file as found in step 5. Line item #24 (following MKIII entry) is the number of the COM: port to be used for communications with the Brewer - the number shown (1 or 2) must match the Computer COM: port number which will be used in this installation, and should be changed if it is not correct - - note that 1 and 2 are the only valid entries.
  • Page 32 16-10-200716-10-2007 3. BREWER SYSTEM SETUP Turn Computer equipment power ON, and launch the Brewer program. • the “Brewer” screen will appear, and a number of files will be “merged” the FR routine will load and the Micrometers will RESET. • the Data Set will indicate communications are occuring by periodic flashes of the TX •...

  • Page 33: Main Menu Computer Display

    10. SELECTING SITE : At the cm-> prompt type LL, and press Enter. a list of Site Names will appear. • • type the number of the desired Site and press ‘Enter’ twice. the Tracker position will update according to the information entered in step 9, and the •...

  • Page 34: Final Installation

    16-10-200716-10-2007 3. BREWER SYSTEM SETUP Issue each of the following commands in turn, followed by Enter, and wait for the Main Menu to return before going to the next command. routes all printing to the line printer confirms that the printer is ON prints the firmware error log prints instrument constants initializes and resets the Brewer...
  • Page 35 Mount the Tracker onto the Tripod, orienting it such that the “N” marking on the lower Tracker flange is pointing approximately toward geographic North. Remove Covers from the Tracker, and locate the Safety Switch - monitor the Switch during the following operation so it does not become activated, and the nylon cord does not become broken.

  • Page 36: Brewer Commands

    16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS BREWER COMMANDS RESERVED KEYS: HOME, DEL, CTRL+BREAK HOME This key can be pressed to terminate an observation or operation prematurely. It should only be used if the message " press HOME key to abort " is displayed on the screen. There may be a delay between the time when the DEL key is pressed, and the Main Menu appears, as some aborted activities take longer to terminate.
  • Page 37 One or more ‘ENTERs’ (when they are prompted for) is generally required for the execution of a single command, whereas on the entry of multiple commands, the subsequent ‘Enters’ are automatically performed by the software. File Name Conventions - JJJ -- indicates a Julian Day. YY --- indicates a year nnn -- indicates a Brewer Instrument Number Monitor Voltages Printout...
  • Page 38 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS Lamp Scan on Slit #1 CI is used to perform a wavelength scan from 286.5 nm to 366 nm on one of the two internal test lamps. Filter Wheels are set to positions 1 and 0, and the Iris is open. The increment of the scan is user selectable with choices of 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5nm.
  • Page 39 Disk Recording DI causes data to be recorded in the directory as specified in the OP_ST.FIL found in the Brewer program directory. Data recording may be turned off if the data disk is nearly full, if the data disk specified is not installed, or if the NR command has been sent. If recording is turned off, the screen will display “DISK TURNED OFF”...
  • Page 40 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS End of Day At the end of each solar day (solar midnight) it is desirable to summarise, sort, and print out the results of the tests and observations taken the previous day. This may be achieved by using the ED command.
  • Page 41 FMSUM Focus Moon Data Summary FMSUM results in the daily Summary (S) file being read and a printout of the ‘summary’ results of the day’s FM measurements being made. An entry is also made to the FMOAVG.nnn file. The FMSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command. Micrometer Reset FR performs a reset of the wavelength adjust micrometer, and the ‘order selection’...
  • Page 42 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS HGSUM Mercury Lamp Summary HGSUM reads the daily Data (B) file and prints out the ‘summary’ results of the day’s HG calibrations. In addition an entry is made in the HGOAVG.nnn file. The HGSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command. See also Appendix A for an explanation of the HGOAVG.nnn file.
  • Page 43 Change to Ozone Mode The O3 command changes the operating mode of the Instrument from the NO to the O mode. The change involves rotating Filter Wheel #3 such that the NISO +UG-11 order filter is moved into the optical path and the BG-12 filter is moved out. In addition, the micrometer is moved such that the Ozone wavelengths pass through the exit slits.
  • Page 44 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS Slit Mask Run/Stop Test A malfunction in the slit mask motor circuit or in the slit mask itself can result in improper counting and consequently incorrect data. The RS test produces a report on the operation of the Slit Mask Motor by taking measurements in the “Running”...
  • Page 45 compensate for any offsets that may occur. These corrections are saved and used by the software in future pointing calculations. See also Section 7. Scheduled Operation SK allows an operating schedule, created by the SE command to be run for the current day. At the end of the schedule, the program returns to the main menu and must be restarted the next day.
  • Page 46 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS SUM Summary Data File SUM reads the daily raw data (BJJJYY.nnn) file and generates a new (SJJJYY.nnn) file which contains only data summary information. In addition, Umkehr data is processed and put into a separate (UJJJYY.nnn) file. The SUM command, and the various summary printout commands are generally performed at local midnight as part of the ED command.
  • Page 47 Timed UX scan UA performs an Extended UV scan in 0.5nm increments and stores the data to a UVJJJYY.nnn file. This is a ‘timed’ routine in that it starts on the next half hour after the command is given. On execution of the command, the prism is rotated to the UV dome, FW#2 is moved to the 1 position, FW#1 is moved to the 3 position, the iris is opened, and the tracker is pointed at the sun.
  • Page 48 16-10-200716-10-2007 4. BREWER COMMANDS Extended UV Wavelength Scan UX causes the irradiance over the 286.5nm to 363nm range to be measured in 0.5nm increments in ascending wavelength. The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome, FW#2 is set to the 1 position, FW#1 is set to the 0 position, the iris is opened, and the tracker is pointed toward the sun.
  • Page 49 ZSSUM NO Zenith Sky Summary ZSSUM prints out a calculation of the stratospheric and tropospheric amounts of NO in m- atmosphere-cm (Dobson Units) for morning and evening twilight periods if measurement data is available between Zenith Angles 84.5 and 96.5 degrees. MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 50: Routine Operations And Minor Maintenance

    16-10-200716-10-2007 5. ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENACE ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE This section is written for the Brewer Operator, and is meant to be a guide in determining if the Brewer is functioning correctly. It is assumed that the Operator has attended training by KIPP & ZONEN personnel at the time of installation.
  • Page 51 - specifies constants for the Brewer Brewer Number - adjust using the NO command - determines Site specific information Location Saskatoon - change location with LL command - change Site information with LF command - if the Brewer is fitted with a moisture sensor option, this Absolute 2.7 g/m3 field indicates the amount of moisture in one unit volume...
  • Page 52 16-10-200716-10-2007 5. ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE A typical screen is shown below. The lower part of the screen indicates in real time what tasks the Brewer is performing, and there is a Status Box which shows some important status information including: the latest DUV measurement the running average O values...

  • Page 53: Weekly Tasks

    3. RS TEST: RUN / STOP ratios for wavelength 0 and 2-6 should be 1.000 +/- 0.003 If larger deviations are found, then confirm them to be repeatable before taking any corrective action. 4. DT TEST: The two summary values should be within a few (5) nanoseconds of the values given in the Final Test Record.
  • Page 54 16-10-200716-10-2007 5. ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE Desiccant Changes Moisture is one of the worst enemies of the Brewer and can cause damage to the Optics which often can be corrected only by returning the Brewer to the factory for parts replacement and recalibration.
  • Page 55 Figure 5.2. Tracker Drive Mechanism Zenith Drive The middle gear on the zenith drive has a hole to allow a small drop of low temperature rated light oil to be applied approximately once a year. The Zenith drive gears can be cleaned with a lint-free cloth at the same time. Cover Latches In very moist climates, the internal mechanism of the cover latches can become rusted and become very difficult to turn.
  • Page 56 16-10-200716-10-2007 5. ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE The constant should normally not be changed without further investigation, but the mechanism may be cleaned with a lint-free cloth and isopropyl alcohol The micrometer should normally not require lubrication, and the only lubricant KIPP & ZONEN uses in the Spectrometer is High Temperature Miller Stephenson KRYTOX GPL 200 Grease Standard Lamp and Mercury Lamp The two internal test lamps (Standard Lamp and Mercury Lamp) have an estimated lifetime of...
  • Page 57 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 58: Uv Stability Check - Qs

    16-10-200716-10-2007 6. UV STABILITY CHECK - QS UV STABILITY CHECK - QS Objective: To verify the instrument stability for UV measurements. Recommended Frequency of Check: Approximately once every two weeks. Limitation: The UV calibration check procedure assumes KIPP & ZONEN ’S portable UV lamp assembly, BA- C126, is to be used.
  • Page 59 Set the multi-meter to DC VOLTS. The meter should display 3 decimal places. Note that on the Fluke multi-meter the yellow button must be held while turning on the meter in order to display three decimal places. Allow the lamp to warm up for about 10 minutes. Periodically adjust the voltage to maintain a stable level of 12.000 +/- 0.003 volts.
  • Page 60 16-10-200716-10-2007 6. UV STABILITY CHECK - QS General Instructions: Three lamps should be scanned bi-weekly. If all three lamps give approximately the same results, then the test is complete. If one lamp gives results that are different from the other two, then a fourth lamp should be chosen and the scan run yet another time.
  • Page 61 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 62: Solar And Lunar Siting - Si, Sim

    16-10-200716-10-2007 7. SOLAR AND LUNAR SITING - SI, SIM SOLAR AND LUNAR SITING - SI, SIM Accurate measurements depend on the instrument being aligned very accurately to the Sun (or Moon). Not only is this important for the direct measurements, but for reasons of polarisation and consistency, it applies to all measurements.
  • Page 63 Return to the Computer and follow the instructions for saving the new siting information. Before saving new values, recheck that the Date and Time are correct. For accurate Tracking to take place the Tracker must be quite level. Levelling can be checked by alternating the times of day when siting is done - check the siting in the early morning on one day, and in the late afternoon on another.

  • Page 64: Brewer Schedules - Se, Skc, Sk

    16-10-200716-10-2007 8. BREWER SCHEDULES – SE, SKC, SK BREWER SCHEDULES - SE, SKC, SK A most important feature of the Brewer is its capability to run for longs periods of time in an unattended state. The Brewer system is able to achieve this Automatic operation the use of Schedules Operation. A schedule is simply a file containing a list of instructions which the Brewer software executes.
  • Page 65 Approximate run times for the following measurements are shown below: HG (without B1) 7-9 min. SL (without B2) 9 min 3 min 4 min 8 min 6 min Indeterminate must be aborted with HOME key or new schedule entry 11 min Writing Schedules: Determine the Scientific Objectives, and draw up a table of Solar Zenith Angle vs.

  • Page 66: Appendix Abrewer Data Files

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES AVERAGE FILES: ???AVG.NNN AND OZOAVGYY.NNN The Brewer is a ‘statistical’ instrument, and instantaneous deviations from the norm are not uncommon. The purpose of average files is to provide a daily value for a specific measurement or test result.
  • Page 67 FMOAVG.nnn - Focused Moon Average 05791 425.9 +4.8 3152.5 -0.2 189001.4 05891 403.1 +5.3 2909.1 1788953 Julian Day (jjjyy) daily mean ozone standard deviation of daily mean ozone Ozone ETC daily mean SO standard deviation of daily mean SO number of good observations number of total observations.
  • Page 68 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES HGOAVG.nnn -Mercury Lamp Scan Log 08391 2592 08491 2330 08591 2483 Julian Day (jjjyy) maximum lamp intensity of the days scans high Brewer temperature of the days scans number of scans. MIOAVG.nnn - Micrometer Log A new entry is generated each time the FR routine is run.
  • Page 69 OPAVG.nnn - Operating Constants Log Used to keep a record of changes to the operating constants used in the Brewer. Updated during the ED or when the CF or IC routine is used. The first column of the file is the routine that generated the entry in the operating constants log (IC, CF or ED).
  • Page 70 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES RSOAVG.nnn/RSNAVG.nnn - Run / Stop Log Used to monitor the operation of the slitmask. The values of columns 2,4,5,6,7,8, and 9 should be 1±0.003 08391 1.0006 1.1667 1.0003 .9995 1.0005 .9999 .9991 .9997 08491 1.0020 .9024 .9989...
  • Page 71 UVOAVG.nnn - UV Average file 20898 2073.4 uvr13398.159 20998 3559.2 uvr13398.159 1. Julian day and year 2. daily weighted Diffey UV, Joules/m 3. length of day; hours between the first and last scan in the UV data file 4. the number of scans in the UV file 5.
  • Page 72 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES Comment Block – B file Comments may be generated by the user with the CO command, and may also be automatically generated by some routines. EXAMPLE Name Comment header 13:20:14 Time comment was logged User: text Comment source: comment text Direct Sun, Focused Moon, or Zenith Sky Data –...
  • Page 73 6920 double ratio #2 MS(9) value MS(10) 404.4 value MS(11) st'd dev. Single ratio #1 st'd dev. Single ratio #2 st'd dev. Single ratio #3 st'd dev. Single ratio #4 st'd dev. Double ratio #1 st'd dev. Double ratio #2 st'd dev.
  • Page 74 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES These lines are repeated for a total of 7 sets of data per SL test. This data is then averaged in the following summary. Example Name Summary Summary header 12:19:09 Time Month Year 104.612 mean zenith angle during measurement 3.777 mean airmass...
  • Page 75 625382 raw counts wavelength #0 dark count 97706 raw counts wavelength #1 294523 raw counts wavelength #2 759956 raw counts wavelength #3 1087648 raw counts wavelength #4 962462 raw counts wavelength #5 Ratio 105525 Single ratio #1 MS(4) 5722 Single ratio #2 MS(5) 1572 Single ratio #3 MS(6) -574...
  • Page 76 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES DUVJJJYY.NNN: PRODUCED FROM UV SCANS BY AB_UVDAT.EXE This file is only created by manually running the program AB_UVDAT.EXE. See Appendix C for details. First column - decimal hours from 00:00 (GMT) Row 1 column 2 - daily weighted (Erythema) UV (J/m Row 1 column 3 - daily weighted (Diffey) UV (J/m Remainder of column 2 - scan weighted (Erythema) UV (mW/m2) Remainder of column 3 - scan weighted (Diffey) UV (mW/m2)
  • Page 77 UMKEHR FILES: UJJJYY.NNN As part of the End-of-Day process the Umkehr data in the B file is transferred into a U file which contains both morning and evening data if it has been collected. This file is used as the input data for Umkehr processing (see Appendix E).
  • Page 78 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES XLJJJYY.NNN - EXTENDED LAMP SCAN Example Name Integration time is 0.2294 Integration time seconds per cycle dt 3.4E-08 dead time cy 1 number of slit mask cycles le 154 Increments in the 290-325 nm region ln 608 lamp serial number di 5...
  • Page 79 A/D VALUES: The AP (Analog Printout) command generates the printout shown below. A/D values are not stored in files (except HV and +5v and SL current), but they are very important in assessing the health of the Brewer, so they are included here for reference. When the AP printout is displayed on the screen only the first 18 entries are shown (channels 0 to 17).
  • Page 80 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES PO VALUES: The PO (Print Out) command generates a printout of Brewer constants. A Typical example is shown below: MKIV BREWER INSTRUMENT #162 ---------------------------- 09-18-1999 13:31:16 ****************************************************************************** * Ozone Values ****************************************************************************** Wavelength(nm) * 306.289 310.045 313.506 316.813...
  • Page 81 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 82: Appendix Bconfiguration Files

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES DCFJJJ.NNN - DISPERSION CONSTANTS Example Name 2841.969 intercept for slit 1 0.07708953 slope for slit 1 -7.53908e-07 quadratic for slit 1 2881.748 intercept for slit 2 0.07640633 slope for slit 2 -7.774226e-07 quadratic for slit 2 2918.904...
  • Page 83 ICFJJJYY.NNN - INSTRUMENT CONSTANTS The operating state file controls many of the operating parameters of the Brewer. The left column lists the actual value written in the OP_ST.nnn file. The middle column is the BASIC variable name used in the Brewer software to contain this value, and the right column is a description of the value's meaning.
  • Page 84 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES Computer buffer delay (larger numbers for faster computers) filter wheel #1 position Ozone filterwheel #1 position Filterwheel #2 position UV filterwheel #2 position Steps from zenith sensor to the hard stop 2232 Zenith UV position June 1/99 Release Date LAMPLLL.IRX - LAMP IRRADIANCE FILE...
  • Page 85 24 1 A/D board 25 1 UVB port 26 1 Filterwheel #3 drive motor 27 1 Q10% New or old temperature circuit. Set to 1 for a new temperature circuit and 0 for an old circuit. 28 0 Q11% Second film polarizer 29 0 Q12% Set to 1 to enable NOBREW operation...
  • Page 86 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES DCFJJJ.nnn - Dispersion constants The Dispersion Constants are used to calculate the ozone wavelength of the exit slits. Example Name Disp Header 2856.96 intercept for slit 1 7.674577E-02 slope for slit 1 -7.251786E-07 quadratic for slit 1 2896.561 intercept for slit 2 7.600413E-02...
  • Page 87 UVRJJJYY.nnn First column: wavelength in Angstrom. Second column is responsivity in counts/mW/m /nm. ZSFJJJYY.NNN (ZSFVAL)- ZENITH SKY CONSTANTS Zenith Sky constants are used in the ZS ozone calculations, and are Location/Brewer dependent. They are derived by making a comparison of near simultaneous DS and ZS measurements over a wide range of mu and ozone values (usually many months).

  • Page 88: Appendix Cuv Processing

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING LAMP DATA ANALYSIS The integration technique used in UV.RTN, UVSUM.RTN and AB_UVDAT is one of histogram summation with the following properties. The raw counts in the UV file are converted throughout to counts per second and corrected for instrument dead time.

  • Page 89: Lamp Irradiance Files

    To use RESIV.EXE, it should reside in a directory containing the XL scans and the Lamp irradiance files. The program is launched by typing “RESIV”. At the prompt, the instrument number is entered. All lamp files and XL scans matching that instrument are read into a list. The list shows all scans - any scans that do not have a lamp file available are marked with a ‘!’...

  • Page 90: Uv Data Analysis Programs

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING UV DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAMS AB_UVDAT.EXE processes multiple UVJJJYY.nnn files in a similar fashion to the UV.RTN and the UVSUM.RTN except that integrated results are tabulated along with data from the individual wavelengths. AB_UVDAT, UVSUM.RTN and UV.RTN have a UVA correction built into the weighting curves. Calculated results represent both the UVB and UVA regions (290-400nm).
  • Page 91 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 92: Appendix Dnobrewer

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX D NOBREWER APPENDIX D NOBREWER It is often useful to be able to operate the Brewer software without having a Brewer connected to the Computer. A batch file, C:\NOBREW.BAT, has been developed which sets a number of operating parameters to make the software think that Brewer communications are taking place.
  • Page 93 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 94: Appendix Eumkehr Processing

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING Umkehr profiles show the vertical distribution of Ozone in the Atmosphere from ground level to 50 km. Umkehr Ozone Profile Ozone Density (trillions of molecules/cubic centimeter) Using the UM.RTN, the Brewer Spectrophotometer takes Umkehr measurements through a series of Zenith Sky samples of multiple wavelengths between solar zenith angles of 60 and 91 in the...
  • Page 95 The main programs for processing and analysis are: PREPRO.EXE -- a preprocessing program TOMKEHR.EXE -- the Umkehr analysis program RUNPRE.BAT -- a batch file used to launch PREPRO.EXE RUNUMK.BAT -- a batch file used to launch TOMKEHR.EXE The proper execution of PREPRO.EXE and TOMKEHR.EXE requires that the following files also be present: UJJJYY.nnn -- Brewer Umkehr data file to be analyzed...

  • Page 96: Appendix Ffactory Tests

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS SETUP AND CALIBRATION TESTS The tests and calibration techniques described here are essentially those performed by the factory before the Brewer Spectrophotometer is shipped. [Refer to the Final Test Record for the set of test results, graphs, and derived constants for a specific instrument.] Some of these tests (HV, SH) would only be performed by the user after repair or replacement of one or more of the instrument's optical or mechanical components.

  • Page 97: Az: Zero The Azimuth Tracker

    AZ: Zero the Azimuth Tracker The AZ command orients the Azimuth Tracker to its zero-step position. This routine is activated automatically following a system reset (RE command). The operator should use this command if there is concern that the azimuth drive has lost track of where it is for such reasons as temporary power loss to the Tracker or other physical disturbance.
  • Page 98 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS As a first approximation set the true (unknown) count-rates equal to the observed count-rates: ′ F ← ′ F ← Compute an estimate for deadtime: + ′ ′ τ ← ⋅ + ′ ′ Revise the estimates for the true count-rates: ⋅...

  • Page 99: Hg: Mercury-Line Wavelength Calibration

    Following each block of measurements the deadtime mean and deadtime standard deviation (in nanoseconds) are calculated and printed. The high- and low-intensity deadtime means should agree (within an acceptance tolerance of two standard deviations), and should lie in the range 35 to 50 nanoseconds.

  • Page 100: Humidity Sensor Test

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS This report indicates that at 19:01:12 (C.U.T.: Co-ordinated Universal Time, also known as GMT), a maximum spectral-matching correlation coefficient of 0‘987 was obtained for an (interpolated) mercury calibration point of 298.47. The operational setting of the micrometer is arrived at by subtracting the 'offset' retrieved from the instrument Constants File (the offset is 12 in this case) from 298.47, then truncating the result.
  • Page 101 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Calculated Values at 5V: Radiometric response for 0 to 100%RH: Vout @0%=0.868 @75.3%=3.050 Vout = Vsupply * (0.1736 to 0.7533) NaCl solution is 75.3%, the measured relative humidity is MgCl solution is 32.8%, the measured relative humidity is LiCl solution is 11.3%, the measured relative humidity using is Dry nitrogen solution is 0%, the measured relative humidity is The HV test determines the optimum high-voltage setting for the PMT.
  • Page 102 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS 16883 8442 869.5 27775 12421 879.5 40973 15486 891.5 55779 22772 901.6 71077 22477 911.6 86191 28730 923.6 99579 35206 933.6 111900 27140 943.7 122532 40844 955.7 131484 39644 965.7 138978 37143 975.7 144932 34161 985.7 149962 36371...

  • Page 103: Inter-Comparison Calibration

    Inter-Comparison Calibration The Instrument Inter-Comparison Calibration determines the absorption coefficients and extraterrestrial constants for the measurement of O and SO . These constants are instrument dependent and must be determined for all instruments prior to O or SO measurements. The uncalibrated instrument is compared to a certified Brewer reference by the analysis of a large number of time-coincident direct-sun O observations made by the two instruments.

  • Page 104: Sc: Scan Test On Direct Sun

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Type RS. This test runs for approximately 10 minutes, including a five-minute warmup time for the standard lamp. No further operator interaction is required. Results will be printed in a format similar to the following: Table F.3: Typical Slitmask Test Results POSITION...

  • Page 105: Sh Shutter-Motor (Slitmask Motor) Timing Test

    For the example below the optimal wavelength calibration value is determined at micrometer step number 283. Opt. setting Sun Scans Linear (Sun Scans) y = -0.0864x + 25.143 micrometer step # SH Shutter-Motor (Slitmask Motor) Timing Test The SH test determines the optimum value for the timing constant used in the control of the slitmask motor.

  • Page 106: Standard Lamp Test

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Dark Count versus Slitmask Delay should be plotted and compared to the plot shown in the Final Test Record. The optimum slitmask delay time is that which minimizes the dark count - typically this delay constant would lie within the range 10 to 16. For the table above the optimum delay constant is 14.

  • Page 107: Sr: Azimuth Tracker Steps-Per-Revolution Calibration

    The third line of data shows the standard deviation for each of the quantities in the line above (there is no ASCII symbol for '±', hence the leading '+' sign). The single-ratios MS(4) through MS(7) should remain reasonably constant from test to test; the allowable drifts in the SO (MS(8)) and O (MS(9)) double-ratios are about ±1.5%.

  • Page 108: Thermal Tests

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS The Stray Light Rejection is calulated by: peak count rate background count rate Counts per second are calculated from raw counts. − raw counts dark counts counts / sec × 01147 cycles The counts must be corrected for the PMT dead time. This correction is insignificant for background counts but can reach as high as 8% for peak values.
  • Page 109 gradually lowered by approximately 1.2 °C per hour, taking approximately 50 hours in total. A typical command sequence send to the Brewer during this test period is PDFR(HP)HGSLSLDTRSAPW2TE100. The HP command is left out for single monochromator brewers. After the Brewer has performed the above test sequence over the whole temperature range, the data is first analysed for operational failures and discrepancies.

  • Page 110: Appendix Gpreliminary Data Reduction

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION This section describes how the Brewer software processes the raw photon-count data to determine ozone (O ) and sulphur dioxide (SO ) column amounts. Seven of the two-character menu commands (SL, SC, DS, ZB, ZC, ZP, M) access a common suite of data reduction algorithms, as shown in figure G-1.

  • Page 111: Compensating For Deadtime

    COMPENSATING FOR DEADTIME Poisson statistics are assumed so that for any observation at a true count rate F0 (counts/second) the observed rate F will be − ⋅ ← ⋅ where T1 is the deadtime of the photon-counting system (as determined by the deadtime test, DT, run as part of the Brewer setup procedures).

  • Page 112: Computing Single And Double Ratios

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION These airmass calculations are imbedded within the "equation of time" computations. A second path-lengthening factor, M2, is also calculated. This airmass corresponds to a layer height of 22 km. COMPUTING SINGLE AND DOUBLE RATIOS At this point the count rates Fi have been corrected and compensated for deadtime, temperature, and (if applicable) Rayleigh scattering.

  • Page 113: Determining O And So From Zenith-Sky Data

    The SO2 determination is slightly more complicated because of the correction needed due to O3 : − ← − ⋅ ⋅ where A2 is the ratio of the SO absorption coefficient to the O absorption coefficient of the SO wavelength combination; A2 is nominally set equal to 2.44 A3 is the differential O absorption coefficient for the SO wavelength combination...

  • Page 114: Appendix Hcomputer / Brewer Interface (Teletype)

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX G COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) APPENDIX H COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) The TT command gives an operator direct control of various Brewer functions by allowing low level commands to be sent directly from the Computer keyboard. With this feature, most useful as a troubleshooting tool, all motors can be moved, lamps turned on, and data sampled.
  • Page 115 *Note: if the configuration variable USE.B3.FOR.LAMPS is set to YES then the lamps are both turned on with B,3. If the configuration variable is set to NO then the state of the lamps are not altered and the command is essentially ignored. Example Turn the standard lamp on and the mercury lamp off, update lamp state variables in the background.
  • Page 116 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) Parameters The following table gives the permissible values for <m>. <m> Motor symbolic form of <m> Zenith prism ZENITH Azimuth Tracker AZIMUTH Iris IRIS Filterwheel 1 FILTER.WHEEL.1 Filterwheel 2 FILTER.WHEEL.2 Filterwheel 3 FILTER.WHEEL 3 Micrometer 2 MICROMETER.2...
  • Page 117 6. LOGFINISH Resets the log to act as though the newest entry in the log has already been reported. Syntax LOGFINISH Example see LOGENTRY 7. LOGSTART Resets the log iterator to the oldest entry in the log. Syntax LOGSTART Example see LOGENTRY 8.
  • Page 118 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) Syntax Response <c0>,<c1>,<c2>,...,<cn> Each count number returned is in the form of a decimal value using ASCII characters. Each number occupies exactly nine characters and the value is right-justified and padded with spaces. The last value in the list does not have a comma or space but a carriage return as expected.
  • Page 119 Slitmask position meaning Hg calibration: 302.1 nm Dark Count λ1 306.2 nm λ2 310.0 nm λ3 313.5 nm λ4 316.8 nm λ5 320.0 nm λ2 & λ4 for Deadtime test Example R; O If the above had been called before any other R command then a single zero is returned indicating that there were no scans taken.
  • Page 120 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) Example 2, 4, 2, 4, 0, 1, Reports that the R command was R,2,4,4 and was interrupted during the third scan. 13. SAVE Stores the current set of RAM configuration parameters in Flash memory. Syntax SAVE Response...
  • Page 121 Example T[sent to Brewer] 1996 302 13:10:22 All log items reported[returned by Brewer] The previous command string (which in this case was a call to determine the lamp state) was returned. 16. USECONFIG Restarts software using the configuration in RAM. Syntax USECONFIG 17.
  • Page 122 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) The <name>s <name> format of <value> Effective meaning of <value> integer value (0- next warm start This is the Brewer ID used to manage multidrop BREWER.ID 65536) or USECONFIG protocol. Copied to NVRAM on initialization. number of seconds before the PMT window CLOSE.TIME Float seconds...
  • Page 123 seconds in a window. Should be an integral PMT.WINDOW.TIME float seconds Immediate multiple of PMT resolution time. the length of time allowed for initialization of all unsigned integer RESET.TIME.OUT on reset motors. This should be larger than the largest seconds value of MOTOR.TIME.OUT.
  • Page 124 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) 19. OPERATIONAL INFORMATION A variety of operational status values define the current state of the Brewer. Commands exist to set and read each of these. They share a common syntax so the complete set are listed in the table below: Syntax ?<name>...
  • Page 125 MOTOR.POS [<motorId>] stepss current motor position MOTOR.LOST Boolean current motor position unknown exactly [<motorId>] MOTOR.LIMIT.LOW Boolean low travel limit sensor activated [<motorId>] MOTOR.LIMIT.HIGH Boolean high travel limit sensor activated [<motorId>] MOTOR.REF.LOW Boolean lower reference sensor (#1) activated [<motorId>] MOTOR.REF.HIGH Boolean upper reference sensor (#2) activated [<motorId>] position of the reference position on the...
  • Page 126 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX H COMPUTER / BREWER INTERFACE (TELETYPE) Examples ?MOTOR.POS[IRIS] reports the current position in half-step units of the iris motor. !SUPPLY.VOLTAGE.HIGH[+5V] 5.00 resets the upper voltage watermark to the nominal value for the +5 volt supply. Motor positions for instrument control Motor # &...
  • Page 127 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

  • Page 128: Appendix Ifirmware Log

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX I FIRMWARE LOG APPENDIX I FIRMWARE LOG The firmware log is read using the RL command. Many of the possible firmware log messages have the description “Please notify KIPP & ZONEN <info.holland@kippzonen.com> of the circumstances in which this message was generated.” These log entries indicate a bug in the firmware.
  • Page 129 A command used only by one mode was entered in another mode. A command was sent to the Brewer that was not valid in the current operating mode. This error may indicate a firmware problem: If the error persists please notify KIPP & ZONEN <info.holland@kippzonen.com>...
  • Page 130 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX I FIRMWARE LOG Config signature did not write properly. The configuration was not correctly written to Flash memory. Possibly the Flash memory chip has failed. If the problem persists replace the main electronics board. Contact KIPP & ZONEN to have the board repaired. Flash config checksum error.
  • Page 131 Motor <number>: Motor lost. The motor controller and the instrument controller are out of step. This error will be corrected next time the moter is moved. If this error persists for the given motor, please notify KIPP & ZONEN <info.holland@kippzonen.com> of the circumstances in which this message was generated.
  • Page 132 16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX I FIRMWARE LOG This warning would normally be generated by an operator using tele-type mode. If this error is seen during normal operation please contact KIPP & ZONEN with the circumstances in which this message was generated. PMT counter failure The two independent counters on the PMT did not match count rates (differed by more than 2).
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  • Page 134: Appendix Jbrewcmd.exe

    16-10-200716-10-2007 APPENDIX J BREWCMD.EXE APPENDIX J BREWCMD.EXE The BrewCMD is a low level utility program to facilitate sending commands to and displaying responses from the Brewer. Hence it can be used for simple operation tasks. There are two versions of BrewCMD available: 1.
  • Page 135 MKIV OPERATOR'S MANUAL...

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