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Summary of Contents for Kipp & Zonen CGR 4
- Page 1 CGR 4 Pyrgeometer Instruction Manual...
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Page 2: Important User Informtion
IMPORTANT USER INFORMATION Reading this entire manual is recommended for full understanding of the use of this product. Should you have any comments on this manual we will be pleased to receive them at: Kipp & Zonen B.V. Delftechpark 36, 2628 XH Delft P.O. -
Page 3: Declaration Of Conformity
Delftechpark 36, 2628 XH Delft P.O. Box 507, 2600 AM Delft The Netherlands Declare under our sole responsibility that the products Type: CGR 3 / CGR 4 Name: Pyrgeometer to which this declaration relates are in conformity with the following standards Imissions... -
Page 4: Table Of Contents
Traceability to World Radiometric Reference ............... 5.4. Recalibration ........................CGR models .......................... 6.1. CGR 4 ..........................6.2. CGR 4 performance specifications ..................6.3. CGR 4 general specifications ....................Frequently asked questions ....................Trouble shooting ........................Appendix I Radiometric terminology .................... -
Page 5: Introduction
If any questions should remain, please feel free to contact your Kipp & Zonen dealer or e-mail info@kippzonen.com For information about other Kipp & Zonen products or to check for any update of this manual, go to www.kippzonen.com CGR 4 Manual Page 5... -
Page 6: Installation And Operation
If this is not possible, the site should be chosen in such a way that any obstruction over the azimuth range should have an elevation not exceeding 10°. In particular, no sources of heat (such as ventilation / heating outlets) should be within the field of view. CGR 4 Manual Page 6... - Page 7 For easy levelling, first use the screw nearest to the spirit level. When the pyrgeometer is placed horizontally using the bubble level, or when it is mounted with its base directly on a horizontal plane, the thermopile is horizontal within 0.1°. CGR 4 Manual Page 7...
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Page 8: Installation For Measurement Of Radiation On Inclined Surfaces
A black shadow with radius = 0.1 H on the field below decreases the signal by 1% and 99% of the signal will originate from an area with radius 10 H. Figure 2: Upward long-wave radiation CGR 4 Manual Page 8... -
Page 9: Installation For Shaded Measurement Of Downward Long-Wave Radiation
In the CM 121 manual, installation instructions and correction factors are given. In practice the CGR 4 does not require shading from direct short-wave solar radiation because the dome-heating e ect, when suitably ventilated, is negligible due to the unique construction of the pyrgeometer. -
Page 10: Electrical Installation
Using the combination of a net pyrgeometer (two CGR 3 or CGR 4 instruments) and a CMA 6 or CMA 11 albedometer the net total radiation (energy balance) can be calculated with high accuracy from thefour component values. -
Page 11: Operation
=Downward atmospheric long-wave radiation [W/m²] =Net radiation (di erence between the downward [W/m²] longwave radiation emitted from the atmosphere and the upward irradiance of the CGR 4 detector) 5.67 • 10 • T =Upward irradiance of the CGR 4 detector [W/m²]... -
Page 12: Overcast Sky
(from -90 to -130 W/m²). Therefore, the calculated atmospheric long-wave radiation (L ) shows a relative small positive value. A clear sky condition is illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6: Clear sky condition CGR 4 Manual Page 12... -
Page 13: Measurements During A Sunny Day
The amount of solar infrared detected at the CGR 4 (and the CGR 3) is expected to be very low (0 to 3 W/m²) because of the filter cut-on at 4.5 µm. - Page 14 Figure 8: Non-linear sensitivity variation with irradiance of a CGR 4 pyrgeometer The temperature dependence of the sensitivity is a function of the individual CGR 4. For a given CGR 4 the response lies in the region between the curved lines in Figure 9. The temperature dependence of each CGR 4 pyrgeometer is characterised and supplied with the instrument.
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Page 15: Maintenance
(humid) air. The pyrgeometer sensitivity changes with time and with exposure to radiation. Calibration every two years is advised. Further information about Kipp & Zonen recalibration services can be found in Appendix V. CGR 4 Manual Page 15... -
Page 16: Principle Components Of Pyrgeometers
The rise of temperature is easily a ected by wind, rain and thermal radiation losses to the environment ('cold' sky). Therefore the CGR 4 detector is shielded by a silicon meniscus dome (the entry-level CGR 3 has a flat silicon window to reduce cost). A drying cartridge (desiccator) in the radiometer housing is filled with silica gel and prevents dew on the inner sides of the domes, which can cool down considerably... -
Page 17: Detector
The solar radiation absorbed by the window is conducted away very e ectively by a unique construction in the CGR 4. Even in full sunlight the window heating e ect is very low compared to that of other pyrgeometers on the market. This allows accurate daytime measurements without the need for a shading disk. -
Page 18: Housing
The shield of the cable is connected to the metal body of the connector and preferably should be connected to ground at the readout equipment. Cables come pre-wired to the connector plug in a range of lengths. CGR 4 Manual Page 18... -
Page 19: Pyrgeometer Physical Properties
8 to 14 µm with a temperature of 14°C and outside this wavelength range a blackbody of -60°C. Under clear sky conditions in a reverse direction, outer Figure 12: Atmospheric radiation space can be observed in the same spectral range. CGR 4 Manual Page 19... -
Page 20: Sensitivity
+20°C. The CGR 4 has passive electrical compensation circuits to minimise this e ect. Each CGR 4 pyrgeometer is supplied with an individual test certificate stating the temperature dependency in the range from -20°C to +50°C, at 10°C intervals. The CGR series pyrgeometers are fitted as standard with an internal temperature sensor to allow sensitivity corrections to be applied if desired. -
Page 21: Window Heating O Set
0.3°C, compared with up to 3°C for other types of pyrgeometers. In CGR 4 the window heating o set is less than 4 W/m². This allows accurate daytime measurements, even in full sunlight, without the need for a tracking shading disk. -
Page 22: Operating Temperature
field of view of 180° in all directions (i.e. a hemisphere). CGR 4 achieves this. The inherent field of view of the instrument should not be confused with the clear field of view of the installation location. -
Page 23: Environmental
‘absolute truth’. The confidence level is 95%, which means that 95% of the datapoints lie within the given uncertainty interval representing the absolute value. Kipp & Zonen empirically determine uncertainty figures based on many years of field measurements. CGR 4 Manual Page 23... -
Page 24: Calibration
‘sensitivity’ (Sensitivity). The sensitivity figure of a particular pyrgeometer is unique. In the case of the CGR 4 it is determined outdoors by comparison against a reference CGR 4 pyrgeometer. The reference pyrgeometer is calibrated outdoors regularly at the World Radiation Centre (WRC) at Davos, Switzerland. -
Page 25: Cgr Models
6. CGR models The CGR series comprises 2 models, CGR 3 and CGR 4. The mechanical construction of the CGR 3 di ers from the CGR 4 in that it has a flat silicon window, smaller housing dimensions and no drying cartridge (the housing is completely sealed). -
Page 26: Cgr 4 Performance Specifications
6.2. CGR 4 performance specifications CGR 4 Manual Page 26... -
Page 27: Cgr 4 General Specifications
6.3. CGR 4 general specifications CGR 4 Manual Page 27... -
Page 28: Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary entry point for humidity? - The drying cartridge seal and the silicon glue of the dome are not fully airtight. CGR 4 Manual Page 28... -
Page 29: Trouble Shooting
If water or ice is deposited on the dome, clean it. Probably water droplets will evaporate in less than one hour under sunlight. Any visible damage or malfunction should be reported to your distributor, who will suggest appropriate action. CGR 4 Manual Page 29... -
Page 30: Appendix I Radiometric Terminology
Radiation with wavelengths > 280 nm and < 4 µm Thermopile Thermal detector made up of many thermocouple junctions World Meteorological Organisation World Radiation Center (in Davos, Switzerland) Zenith angle Angle from zenith (0°, vertical) CGR 4 Manual Page 30... -
Page 31: Appendix Ii 10K Thermistor Specifications
YSI Thermistor 44031 - Resistance versus Temperature in °C Ω Thermistor (10 k @ 25ºC) β • (ln(R))+γ •(ln(R)) α + Temperature -273.15 ºC Ω Resistance α : 1.03 • 10 β : 2.38 • 10 γ : 1.59 • 10 CGR 4 Manual Page 31... -
Page 32: Appendix Iii Pt-100 Specifications
Pt-100 - Resistance versus Temperature in ºC and ºF Ω Pt-100 (100 @ 0ºC) - α + α β • • ºC Temperature β • Ω Resistance α β : 3.9083 : -5.8019 • • CGR 4 Manual Page 32... -
Page 33: Appendix Iv List Of World And Regional Radiation Centres
Appendix IV List of World and Regional Radiation Centres World Radiation Centre The World Radiation Centre capable of pyrgeometer calibration is located at: Physikalisch-Meterologisches Observatorium Dorfstrasse 33 CH-7260 Davos Dorf Switzerland Website: www.pmodwrc.ch CGR series Manual Page 33... -
Page 34: Appendix V Recalibration Service
Appendix V Recalibration service Pyranometers, Albedometers, Pyrgeometers, UV-Radiometers & Sunshine Duration Sensors Kipp & Zonen solar radiation measurement instruments comply with the most demanding international standards. In order to maintain the specified performance of these instruments, Kipp & Zonen recommends calibration of their instruments every two years. - Page 35 Our customer support remains at your disposal for any maintenance or repair, calibration, supplies and spares. Für Servicearbeiten und Kalibrierung, Verbrauchsmaterial und Ersatzteile steht Ihnen unsere Customer Support Abteilung zur Verfügung. Notre service 'Support Clientèle' reste à votre entière disposition pour tout problème de maintenance, réparation ou d'étalonnage ainsi que pour les accessoires et pièces de rechange.