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Functions
2.5 Distance Protection
Angular dependence is not needed in the majority of cases. Then the voltage-dependent section b is valid and
results in the characteristic a-b-c. When controlling with Uphe the voltages for phase-to-earth current are in-
serted in address 1912 Uph-e (I>>) and 1913 Uph-e (I>) for the voltage-dependent section b. When
controlling with Uphph the voltages for phase-to-phase are set in address 1914 Uph-ph (I>>) and 1915
Uph-ph (I>). The relevant settings are determined according to the pickup mode (see above).
The characteristic has to be set such that it is just below the minimum expected voltage at the maximum ex-
pected load current. If in doubt, check the pickup conditions in accordance with the U/I characteristic.
Angular dependence
If a distinction between short-circuit and load conditions is not always possible using the U/I characteristic,
which is independent of the phase angle, the angular dependent sections d-e can additionally be used. This is
required for long lines or line sections with intermediate infeed in combination with small source impedances.
Then the local measured voltage will only drop to a small extent in the event of a short-circuit at the line end or
in the back-up range of the distance protection so that the phase angle between current and voltage is required
as an additional criterion for fault detection.
The parameters Iphi> (address 1916) and Uph-e (Iphi>) (address 1917) or Uph-ph (Iphi>) (address
1918) determine the characteristic in the range of large angles ϕ
threshold angles themselves, which define the short-circuit angle range ϕ
1921 ϕ<. The short-circuit angle range ϕ
settings according to the pickup mode (see above) are relevant.
The characteristic for the load angle range has to be set in a way that is just below the minimum expected op-
erating voltage at the maximum expected load current. In the range of the short-circuit angles ϕ
ensured that load current may not cause pickup in this area. If reactive power has to be transferred via this line,
it must be ensured that the maximum reactive current at minimum operating voltage is not within the pickup
range, i.e. the short-circuit angle range ϕ
characteristic. An arithmetic short-circuit calculation is recommended for extensive networks.
The lower threshold angle ϕ> (address 1920) should be between the load angle and the short-circuit angle.
Therefore it must be set smaller than the line angle ϕ
should check that the angle is not exceeded during load conditions. If this is the case, for instance because the
reactive power has to be transferred via this line, it must be ensured that the parameters of the voltage-depen-
dent segment d, that is Iphi> and Uph-e (Iphi>) or Uph-ph (Iphi>) rule out a pickup as the result of
reactive power (see above).
The upper threshold angle ϕ< (address 1921) is not critical. 100° to 120° should be sufficient in all cases.
Angular dependence, i.e. increasing the sensitivity for a large short-circuit angle with sections d and e in the
characteristic, can be limited to the forward direction (line direction) using address 1919 EFFECT ϕ. In this
case, EFFECT ϕ is set to Forward. Otherwise EFFECT ϕ = forward&reverse is retained. This parameter
can only be changed in DIGSI at Display Additional Settings.
140
SC
is located between these two angles. Here, too, the required voltage
SC
. If in doubt, check the pickup conditions in accordance with the U/I/ϕ
SC
= arctan (X
L
L
, i.e. in the short-circuit angular range. The
, are set in address 1920 ϕ> and
SC
/R
) (approx. 10° to 20°). Subsequently, you
L
SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual
C53000-G1176-C169-5, Release date 02.2011
it must be
SC
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