Siemens SENTRON Instructions Manual
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Siemens SENTRON Instructions Manual

Residual current protective devices
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SENTRON
Residual Current
Protective Devices
Technology primer

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Summary of Contents for Siemens SENTRON

  • Page 1 SENTRON Residual Current Protective Devices Technology primer...
  • Page 3 Preface Whether for protecting, switching, monitoring or measuring – low-voltage circuit protection devices from Siemens perform a wide range of functions for all applications in the area of electrical installation technology. They are suitable for use in residential buildings, non-residential buildings or industrial applications and thus allow you to maintain control over all electrical circuits.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Contents Overview Introduction Protection through residual current protective devices Additional protection (previously „Protection against direct contact“) with I ≤ 30 mA Δn Fault protection (protection against indirect contact) Fire protection Residual current protective devices Types of residual current protective devices 4.1.1 Type AC 4.1.2...
  • Page 5 4.5.2 Auxiliary switch 4.5.3 Additional components Notes on installation and use General notes 5.1.1 Selection of protective devices 5.1.2 Use of residual current protective devices Choosing the right residual current protective device 5.2.1 Type A, Type F or Type B/ Typ B+? 5.2.2 What protection goal must be achieved? 5.2.3...

  • Page 6: Overview

    Overview Overview Residual current operated circuit 5SM3 / 5SV breaker (RCCB) • Type AC, Type A and Type F • I = 16 … 125 A • I = 10 mA … 1 A ∆n • 2-pole (1+N) and 4-pole (3+N) •...
  • Page 7 RC unit for combination with a 5SM2 miniature circuit breaker • For mounting on a miniature circuit breaker • Combined electric shock and line protection • Type AC, Type A and Type F • I = 0.3 … 100 A •...

  • Page 8: Introduction

    Introduction Introduction When dealing with electricity, safety has top priority. Every electrician must be particularly conscientious when safety is concerned and must apply the required protective measures correctly. In consumer’s installations, residual current pro- tective devices must be given unreserved preference over alternative protective devices.

  • Page 9: Additional Protection (Previously „Protection Against Direct Contact") With I

    Protection through residual current protective devices Additional protection (previously „Protection against direct contact“) with I ≤ 30 mA Δn Additional protection is understood to mean protection which takes effect if there is direct contact of a human body with a part normally live during operation in the event of basic and/or fault protection failing.
  • Page 10 Protection through residual current protective devices The resistance of the human body depends on the current path and the contact resistance of the skin. Measurements have shown e.g. approximately 1,000 Ω for the fl ow of current from hand to hand or from hand to foot. Under these assumptions, a touch voltage of 230 V results in a dangerous shock current of 230 mA.
  • Page 11 The tripping curve of residual current protective devices with a rated residual cur- rent of I ≤ 10 mA is in zone 2 below the release limit. Medically damaging effects Δn and muscle cramps do not usually occur (see figure 2). They are therefore suitable for sensitive areas, such as bathrooms.

  • Page 12: Fault Protection (Protection Against Indirect Contact)

    Protection through residual current protective devices In the generally applicable standard for protection against electric shock (DIN VDE 0100-410:2007-06, the use of residual current protective devices with a rated residual current of ≤ 30 mA is required as additional protection for •...

  • Page 13: Fire Protection

    Indirect contact Figure 3: Protection against indirect contact Fire protection DIN VDE 0100-482 requires measures for the prevention of fi res which can be caused by insulation faults in “locations exposed to fi re hazards”. This stipulates that cables and conductors in TN and TT systems must be protected by means of residual current protective devices with a rated residual current of I ≤...

  • Page 14: Residual Current Protective Devices

    Residual current protective devices Residual current protective devices Types of residual current protective devices Residual current protective devices are distinguished from one another in respect of their suitability for detecting different forms of residual current (table 1). According to the function of RCCBs in various types Current Type AC Type A Type F Type B...
  • Page 15 Suitable RCD type Circuit Load current Residual current Table 2: Possible residual current waveforms and suitable residual current protective devices...

  • Page 16: Type Ac

    Residual current protective devices 4.1.1 Type AC Type AC residual current protective devices are suitable only for detecting sinusoidal AC residual currents (see circuits 1 to 3 in table 1). This device type is not authorized in every country (e.g. Germany as per DIN VDE 0100-530) for residual current protection and cannot carry the VDE mark of conformity.

  • Page 17: Type B

    4.1.5 Type B+ The same conditions apply for Type B+ residual current protective devices as for Type B residual current protective devices. It is only that the frequency range for the detection of residual currents is extend to 20 kHz: The device will trip within this frequency range below 420 mA.
  • Page 18 Residual current protective devices CBRs and MRCDs are especially intended for applications with higher rated currents (> 125 A). • PRCDs are portable residual current protective devices which are integrated, for example, in connectors or in multiple socket outlets. • SRCDs are, according to DIN VDE 0662, non-portable residual current protective devices which are integrated in a socket outlet or form a single unit with a socket outlet.

  • Page 19: Basic Design And Method Of Operation

    Basic design and method of operation 4.3.1 RCCB Type A A residual current operated circuit breaker of Type A essentially consists of the following function groups: • Summation current transformer for residual current detection • Tripping circuit with components for evaluation and holding magnet release for converting the electrical measured variable into a mechanical latch release •...
  • Page 20 Residual current protective devices In accordance with the device standard EN 61008-1 (VDE 0664-10), the device must disconnect within 300 ms at the rated residual current. In accordance with the product standard applicable in Germany, Type A and Type F residual current operated circuit breakers must function independently of supply voltage and auxiliary voltage in all function groups (detection, evaluation, disconnection) in order to achieve a consistently high level of reliability of the device protection...

  • Page 21: Siquence Universal Current-Sensitive Rccb Type B And Type B

    This allows the spring to pull the armature from the pole face. The armature triggers the separation of the contacts by means of the breaker mechanism. The transformer need only generate the small amount of energy needed to cancel out the holding flux, which trips the latch release of the energy store in the breaker mechanism by means of the falling armature, and not the large amount of energy needed to open the contacts.

  • Page 22: Features And Application Areas

    Residual current protective devices Features and application areas 4.4.1 RCCB RCCBs are residual current protective devices without integrated protection against overcurrent (overload and/or short circuit). A corresponding overcurrent protective device must therefore be assigned to them for overcurrent protection. The expected operational current of the circuit can be used as a basis for assessing the level of overload protection needed.

  • Page 23: Rcbo (Type Ac/Type A, Type F)

    4.4.2 RCBO Type AC , Type A and Type F Residual current operated circuit breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBOs) include residual current detection and overcurrent protection in one device and thus enable a combination of electric-shock protection, fire protection and line protection in one device.
  • Page 24 Residual current protective devices Installation with a central RCCB Figure 8 shows a frequent type of installation with a central RCCB, downstream of which several miniature circuit breakers are connected for each phase conductor. Counter Figure 8: Installation with a central RCCB and miniature circuit breakers for feeders The RCCB provides electric-shock protection and fire protection as well as the additional protection with I ≤...
  • Page 25 Installation with RCBOs Figure 9 contains an example of a future-oriented installation, which meets all the requirements of the installation regulations and planning stipulations. kW/h RCBO Figure 9: Example of an installation with RCBOs Each individual socket-outlet circuit now has its own RCBO, which provides com- plete fault, fire and line protection as well as additional protection against direct contact.

  • Page 26: Siquence Universal Current-Sensitive Rccb Type B And Type B

    DC residual currents. Due to pre-magnetization of the transformer, DC residual currents can even result in the inability of Type A residual current protective devices to detect AC residual currents. For these reasons, Siemens introduced the universal current-sensitive Type B residual current operated circuit breaker, which is also used for smooth DC residual currents, in 1994, the first manufacturer to do so.
  • Page 27 Frequency response characteristics of the SIQUENCE Type B current-sensitive RCCB 10.000 1.000 1.000 10.000 Frequency (Hz) Note: The lines illustrated are typical patterns. Deviations up to the limit values of the standard are possible. Figure 10: Type B frequency-dependent tripping current To protect against fi res caused by ground-fault currents, the use of residual current protective devices with a rated residual current of up to 300 mA has pro- ven itself to be effective.
  • Page 28 Residual current protective devices The dimensioning of the SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive Type B RCCB‘s frequency response takes these boundary conditions into account, and represents a solid compromise between fire protection and operational safety. Since the in- fluence of existing capacitive leakage currents on the tripping of the RCCB is clearly limited, the RCCB can be used in a significantly larger number of applications.
  • Page 29 Frequency response characteristics of the SIQUENCE current-sensitive Type B+ RCCB 10.000 10000 Tripping values for rated residual current 30 mA Tripping values for rated residual current 300 mA Upper limit according to DIN V VDE V 0664-110 and DIN V VDE V 0664-210 for 30 mA Upper limit according to DIN V VDE V 0664-110 and DIN V VDE V 0664-210 for 300 mA 1.000 1000...

  • Page 30: Siquence Universal Current-Sensitive Rcbo Type B Und Type B

    Residual current protective devices Rated residual current Maximum permissible grounding resistance at touch voltage 50 V 25 V 30 mA 120 Ω 60 Ω 300 mA 60 Ω * 8 Ω * 500 mA 10 Ω 5 Ω * The value may be up to 120 Ω at 50 V and 60 Ω at 25 V for Type B+ Table 3: Recommended maximum grounding resistances for SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive Type B and Type B+ RCCBs 4.4.4 SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive RCBO...

  • Page 31: Rc Units For Installation On Miniature Circuit Breakers

    4.4.5 RC units for installation on miniature circuit breakers RC units are suitable for installation on miniature circuit breakers in accordance with EN 61009-1 (VDE 0664-20):2000-09, appendix G. The customer can combine these RC units with an appropriate miniature circuit breaker to generate the same functionality as the factory-built RCBOs.

  • Page 32: Type K Super-Resistant

    Residual current protective devices This ensures that heating is possible in this case as well. The protective function of the RCCB continues to remain absolutely independent of the supply voltage as required by the product standard. 4.4.7 Type super-resistant Leakage currents and residual currents arising from the operation of electrical equipment cannot be distinguished.
  • Page 33 1.000 300 mA Δn 30 mA Δn 30 mA Δn 1.000 / mA Δ Figure 12: Break time t as a function of the tripping current I Δ Figure 12 shows the tripping range of the different versions of residual current protective devices.

  • Page 34: Type S Selective

    Residual current protective devices 4.4.8 Type selective In order to achieve selective tripping in the case of seriesconnected residual current protective devices in the event of a fault scenario, both the rated residual current I and the tripping time of the devices must be staggered. The different Δn permissible break times of the standard and selective residual current protective devices can be taken from fi gure 13.

  • Page 35: Versions For 50 To 400 Hz

    4.4.9 Versions for 50 to 400 Hz Because of the principle according to which they function, residual current pro- tective devices in their standard version are designed for maximum efficiency in a 50/60 Hz network. The device specifications and tripping conditions also relate to this frequency.

  • Page 36: Additional Components For Residual Current Operated Circuit Breakers

    Residual current protective devices Additional components for residual current operated circuit breakers 4.5.1 Remote-controlled operating mechanism (RC) Favored locations for remote-controlled operating mechanisms are spacious or not continually manned work areas, such as watertreatment plants or radio stations as well as automated plants for energy and operations management. The use of a remote-controlled operating mechanism allows the user direct and immediate access to the installation even in remote or hard-to-access locations.

  • Page 37: Auxiliary Switch

    4.5.2 Auxiliary switch Auxiliary switches can usually be retrofitted on the residual current operated circuit breaker by the customer. They indicate the circuit breaker’s switching state. Three variants are possible (1 NO/1 NC; 2 NCs; 2 NOs). 4.5.3 Additional components Depending on the residual current protective devices version, the following additional components can be retrofitted where required: •...

  • Page 38: Notes On Installation And Use

    Notes on installation and use Notes on installation and use General notes 5.1.1 Selection of protective devices When selecting a suitable protective device for the protective measure „automatic disconnection of the power supply“ in accordance with DIN VDE 0100-410 for fault protection the conditions of disconnection depending on the supply system must be taken into account.
  • Page 39 Suitable protective devices are to be selected on this basis. Table 5 provides an overview. TN system TT system 230 V 230 V Trip currents I ≥ of overcurrent protective Protective devices for device ensuring the The necessary trip currents required dis- ≥...

  • Page 40: Use Of Residual Current Protective Devices

    Notes on installation and use 5.1.2 Use of residual current protective devices Residual current protective devices can be combined with any other protective devices. Even if other protective measures are already installed in an existing system, residual current protection can still be used for this system or parts of it.
  • Page 41 If a residual current protective device for other protection tasks (fault protection, fire protection) is connected upstream of an RCD for additional protection (rated residual current ≤ 30 mA), this second RCD should always have a selective tripping characteristic (e.g. Type As shown in table 5, selective and standard residual current protective devices achieve the maximum permissible tripping times in both power supply systems.

  • Page 42: Choosing The Right Residual Current Protective Device

    Notes on installation and use Choosing the right residual current protective device Figure 15 can help users to select a suitable residual current protective device. Design Selection criterion RCCB RCBO RC unit Type Equipment, circuit as per table 1 Version Network, equipment, ambient conditions SIGRES 500 V 50-400 Hz...

  • Page 43: Type A, Type F Or Type B/ Typ B

    Details are explained below. 5.2.1 Type A, Type F or Type B/Type B+? The correct type of residual current protective device for each application can be selected with the help of table 2 (in accordance with EN 50178/VDE 0160 “Electronic equipment for use in power installations” and DIN VDE 0100-530 Section 531.3.1).

  • Page 44: What Electrical Interference Occurs And How Is It Handled

    Notes on installation and use At frequencies higher than 100 Hz, protection in the event of indirect touching must be provided and account must be taken of the frequency response of the residual current operated circuit breaker, the maximum permissible touch voltage (e.g.

  • Page 45: High Load Currents

    For problem-free use of residual current protective devices in practical applica- tions, the stationary leakage current should be ≤ 0.3 * I Δn • Dynamic leakage currents Dynamic leakage currents are transient currents to ground or the PE conductor. They occur in the range from a few μs to a few ms, especially when devices with filter circuits are switched.

  • Page 46: Overvoltages And Surge Current Load

    Notes on installation and use 5.2.3.3 Overvoltages and surge current load During thunderstorms, atmospheric overvoltages in the form of traveling waves can penetrate the installation via the supply system and inadvertently trip residual current protective devices. To prevent these spurious tripping operations, our residual current protective devices must pass a test with the standardized 8/20 μs surge current wave (see figure 16).

  • Page 47: Special Features Regarding The Use Of Siquence Universal Current-Sensitive Residual Current Protective Devices (Type B And Type B+)

    Special features regarding the use of SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive residual current protective devices (Type B and Type B+) 5.3.1 Applications Typical applications that are vulnerable to smooth DC residual currents: • Frequency converters with a three-phase connection • Medical equipment such as X-ray equipment or CT machines •...
  • Page 48 Notes on installation and use Fault locations in section 1 (upstream of the FC) Line-frequency AC residual currents occur between the RCCB and the frequency converter (see figure 18). Protection against these purely sinusoidal 50 Hz residual currents is provided by all RCCBs (types AC, A, F and B). The section at risk is dis- connected when the tripping value in the range 0.5 to I is reached.
  • Page 49 Types AC, A and F residual current protective devices are unable to offer protection in these cases. The device does not trip because the DC residual current does not cause any change over time in the transformer induction of the RCCB which operates according to the induction principle.
  • Page 50 Notes on installation and use Fault locations in section 3 (downstream of the FC) AC residual currents which deviate from the line frequency and the sinusoidal wa- veform occur between the outgoing terminal of the frequency converter and the motor. These currents represent a frequency spectrum with different frequency components (see figure 21).
  • Page 51 Figure 22 shows a typical example of the frequency components that can fl ow across a fault impedance of 1 kΩ in the area of fault location 3 (see fi gure 21). The clock frequency accounts for a smaller percentage of the total residual current as the motor frequency increases, while the motor frequency accounts for a correspondingly higher percentage.

  • Page 52: Configuration

    Notes on installation and use 5.3.3 Configuration Type B / Type B+ universal current-sensitive residual current protective devices must be used if smooth or nearly smooth DC residual currents can occur in the event of a fault when electronic equipment is operated (input circuits 8 to 13 in table 2).

  • Page 53: Causes Of Excessive Leakage Currents And Possibilities Of Reducing Them

    5.3.4 Causes of excessive leakage currents and possibilities of reducing them Causes of leakage currents Consequences EMC (input) filter capacitances between Highly dynamic and static phase conductor and PE conductor leakage currents Conductor capacities Mainly static leakage currents Making/breaking asymmetries Highly dynamic leakage currents possible Summation of leakage currents due to...
  • Page 54 Notes on installation and use • Connect existing cable shield according to the manufacturer‘s information regarding the frequency converter. • Avoid the use of manually operated switchgear for normal switching in order to reduce the duration of making and breaking asymmetries to a minimum. •...

  • Page 55: Back-Up Protection

    Back-up protection Short circuit and residual currents can be up to several hundred amperes, depen- ding on the network and system configuration. Thus, for instance, in the event of an insulation fault to the grounded exposed conductive parts of electrical equip- ment with a correspondingly low resistance, a short circuit-like current flows via the residual current protective device.
  • Page 56 Notes on installation and use In the case of Siemens residual current protective devices, rated switching capacity and rated residual switching capacity are not differentiated and nor are rated con- ditional short-circuit current and rated conditional residual short-circuit current. The reason for this is that the values for the residual and short-circuit currents can be identical in the relevant cases.

  • Page 57: Protection Against Thermal Overload

    The rated switching capacity of RCBOs is considerably higher than that for residual current operated circuit breakers as the MCB component, which is specially provided for short-circuit protection, performs short-circuit clearing. Should this switching capacity not be adequate, a back-up protection shall also be provided here in accordance with the manufacturer‘s information.

  • Page 58: Troubleshooting

    Notes on installation and use Troubleshooting If a residual current protective device trips, the fi rst troubleshooting step should be to follow the procedure outlined in the diagram below (fi gure 24). Reclose RCCB if installation unchanged RCCB has tripped; insulation fault in the installation Temporary fault.

  • Page 59: 4-Pole Residual Current Operated Circuit Breakers In A 3-Pole Network

    Residual current monitoring devices (RCM) 4-pole residual current operated circuit breakers in a 3-pole network The 4-pole (3+N) version of the residual current operated circuit breakers can also be operated in 3-pole systems. In this case, the 3-pole connection must be at terminals 1, 3, 5 and 2, 4, 6.
  • Page 60 Residual current monitoring devices (RCM) Continuous residual current monitoring can already detect and signal faults before the protective device responds. Sudden system disconnection can frequently be avoided this way. For that reason, residual current monitoring devices are prima- rily used in systems in which a signal, but not a disconnection, should be carried out in the event of a fault.

  • Page 61: Outlook

    Outlook RCMs as additional fire protection In accordance with DIN VDE 0100-530, RCMs coupled with switchgear with an isolating function can be used as an alternative to fire protection if residual current protective devices (RCDs) cannot be used for fire protection, because the operating current of the circuit to be protected is greater than the greatest rated current of the residual current protective devices (RCDs).

  • Page 62: Source Specified

    Source specified 8. Source specified The following sources, among others, were used to create this technical primer and can be used to obtain additional information: – DIN 18015-1:2013-09 – DIN 18015-2:2000-08 – DIN EN 50178 (DIN VDE 0160) – DIN EN 60947-2 (VDE 0660-101) –...

  • Page 63: Appendix

    Appendix Appendix A.1 Key terms and definitions (according to DIN VDE 0100-200) Phase conductors (symbol L1, L2, L3) Conductors that connect current sources to current-using equipment but that do not originate at the center point or neutral point. Neutral conductor (symbol N) Conductor that is connected to the center point or neutral point and that is suitab- le for transmitting electricity.
  • Page 64 Appendix Exposed conductive part (of electrical equipment) Touchable, conductive part of the electrical equipment that is not normally live but that may be live in the event of a fault. Electric shock Pathophysiological effect caused by an electric current flowing through the body of a person or animal.
  • Page 65 Ground Conductive mass of ground whose electric potential is set to zero at all points according to agreement. Ground electrode Conductive part or parts that make good contact with ground and form an electrical connection with it. Total grounding resistance Resistance between the main ground terminal/busbar and ground.
  • Page 66 Appendix A.2.1 TN system All exposed conductive parts in the system must be connected by protective con- ductors to the grounded point of the supply network, which must be grounded on or in the vicinity of the associated transformer or generator. The various versions of TN system are shown in figures A1, A2, and A3.
  • Page 67 Figure A3: TN-C system Permissible protective measures in TN systems: • Overcurrent protective devices • Residual current protective devices (but not in the TN-C system) A.2.2 TT system All exposed conductive parts protected by the same protective device must be connected to a common ground electrode by means of protective conductors (see figure A4).
  • Page 68 Appendix Permissible protective measures: • Residual current protective devices • Overcurrent protective devices Where residual current protective devices are used different maximum permissible grounding resistances are specified for Type AC and Type A as a function of the rated residual current to meet the disconnection conditions (see table A1). Rated residual Maximum permissible grounding resistance current I...
  • Page 69 A.2.3 IT system Live parts in IT systems (see figure A5) must either be insulated to ground or designed with a sufficiently high impedance. The exposed conductive parts must be grounded individually, or in groups, or with a common ground. Figure A5: IT system Permissible protective measures: •...
  • Page 70 Appendix A.2.4 Summary Residual current protective devices can be used in all network AC or three-phase systems (TN, TT, or IT system, see fi gure A6). The protection afforded by residual current protective devices is superior to that offered by other approved protective devices, because in addition to fault protection (protection in case of indirect contact) when residual current protective devices with I ≤...
  • Page 71 A.3 Key terms and definitions for specifying the switching capacity Rated switching capacity I of the RCCB (EN 61008-1): Prospective rms value of the short-circuit current which a residual current operated circuit breaker can make, carry and break under defined conditions. Rated switching capacity I of an RCBO (EN 61009-1): The rated switching capacity of an RCBO is the limit short-circuit breaking capacity specified by the manufacturer.
  • Page 72 Appendix Installation standards for electrical installations with residual current protective devices Standard Application Required Recommended Siemens RCCB (DIN VDE ... [mA] (taking into consideration possible Δn or BGI ...) nature of the residual currents in the equipment) Type Type SIQUENCE...
  • Page 73 Standard Application Required Recommended Siemens RCCB (DIN VDE ... [mA] Recommended Siemens RCCB Δn or BGI ...) (taking into consideration possible nature of the residual currents in the equipment) Type Type SIQUENCE SIGRES Type B/ B+ 0100-710 Medical premises with a TN-S system, depending 10 ...

  • Page 74: List Of Figures And Tables

    List of figures and tables List of figures and tables Page 9 Figure 1: Protection against direct contact Page 10 Figure 2: Effects of 50/60 Hz alternating current on the human body Page 13 Figure 3: Protection against indirect contact Page 14 Table 1: Classification of residual current protective devices into...
  • Page 75 Page 46 Figure 16: Surge current characteristic 8/20 μs Page 47 Figure 17: Circuit with a SIQUENCE universal current-sensitive RCCB and a frequency converter Page 48 Figure 18: Residual current waveform at fault location 1 Figure 19: Residual current waveform at fault location 2 Page 49 Figure 20: Pre-magnetization due to DC residual current...
  • Page 76 Subject to change without prior notice. The information in this document contains general descriptions of the technical options available, which may not apply in all cases. The required technical options should therefore be specified in the contract. © Siemens AG 2016 www.siemens.com/rcds...

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