Appendix C: Glossary - Micron ClientPro XVI User Manual

Application: A software program that operates under an operating system to perform
a specific task.
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System. Programs that are permanently stored in the system
board's ROM chips providing functions such as the power-on self test. Also see
ROM.
Boot: To start the computer system and load the operating system.
Bus: The set of address or data lines used to transfer information between different
components within a computer (such as memory, the microprocessor, and the
expansion slots).
Cache: Provides fast, local storage for frequently accessed instructions and data to
provide the processor with the fastest stream of information possible, while keeping
main memory current.
Clock: A circuit that sends a consistent, periodic signal that is used to synchronize the
computer and to step information through the system.
Closed: A circuit that is complete. Usually accomplished by placing a jumper over two
pins on the system board or a peripheral card. Also see "Open" and "Jumper."
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. A logic circuit family that uses very
little power. Sometimes used to store information by applying constant, uninter-
rupted power through the use of an external battery.
Coprocessor: A microprocessor device that performs specialized computations (such
as floating-point arithmetic) much more efficiently than the microprocessor alone.
CPU: Central Processing Unit. The integrated circuit chip that performs the actual
computing functions of the computer. Other chips perform support functions like
storing data and controlling peripherals. Also see microprocessor.
Disk: See "Floppy Disk" and "Hard Disk."
DMA: Direct Memory Access. A method for transferring data directly to and from system
memory, bypassing the microprocessor.
DOS: See "Operating System."
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory. Memory that requires a periodic refresh
cycle to keep the stored information from being lost. Loss of power causes loss of
data in this memory.
Micron Electronics, Inc.

Appendix C: Glossary

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Glossary
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