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Appendices
Ultra DMA
Ultra DMA (or, more accurately, Ultra DMA/33) is a protocol for trans-
ferring data at 33.3MB/s between a hard disk drive through the
computer's data path (or bus) to the computer's random access memory
(RAM). The transfer data is twice as fast as the previous Direct Ac-
cess Memory (DMA) interface. The latest Ultra DMA has advanced to
Ultra DMA/66 and Ultra DMA/100.
16.6MB/s x2 = 33MB/s
16.6MB/s x4 = 66MB/s
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
USB is a 4-pin serial peripheral bus that is capable of cascading low/
medium speed peripherals (less than 10Mbit/s) such as keyboard,
mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and modem.
VCM (Virtual Channel Memory)
NEC's Virtual Channel Memory (VCM) is a new DRAM core archi-
tecture that dramatically improves the memory system's ability to ser-
vice multimedia requirements. VCM increases memory bus efficiency
and performance of any DRAM technology by providing a set of fast
static registers between the memory core and I/O pins. Using VCM
technology results in reduced data access latency and reduced power
consumption.
VRM (Voltage regulator Module)
This is a small module installed on a mainboard to regulate the volt-
age fed to the processor on board. Voltage regulator can be built on
board in various way. VRM is a socketed type of regulator module
which is easier to change when needed.
Zero Wait State
When memory is operating at its fastest speed in its course of fetching
and yielding data, it allows no "no-op" cycle and is called in a zero
wait state. On the other hand, a memory is in a wait state , after it gets
a command to fetch data, it waits for one , two or more cycles to as-
sure that the expected data is in the buffer.
ZIP file
Zip file is a compressed file with a reduced file size.
Zoom
To zoom is to make a window or screen larger or smaller in a Graphi-
cal User Interface of a computer system. Usually, to "zoom in" means
to enlarge, and to "zoom out" means to reduce size.
100
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