Understanding J-Ex8200 Switch Fiber-Optic Cable Signal Loss, Attenuation, And Dispersion; Signal Loss In Multimode And Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable; Attenuation And Dispersion In Fiber-Optic Cable - Dell PowerConnect J-EX8216 Hardware Manual

Dell PowerConnect J-Series J-EX8216 Ethernet Switch Hardware Guide
Understanding J-EX8200 Switch Fiber-Optic Cable Signal Loss, Attenuation, and
Dispersion

Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable

Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable

78
To determine the power budget and power margin needed for fiber-optic connections,
you need to understand how signal loss, attenuation, and dispersion affect transmission.
J-EX8200 Ethernet Switches use various types of network cable, including multimode
and single-mode fiber-optic cable.
Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable on page 78
Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable on page 78
Multimode fiber is large enough in diameter to allow rays of light to reflect internally
(bounce off the walls of the fiber). Interfaces with multimode optics typically use LEDs
as light sources. However, LEDs are not coherent light sources. They spray varying
wavelengths of light into the multimode fiber, which reflects the light at different angles.
Light rays travel in jagged lines through a multimode fiber, causing signal dispersion.
When light traveling in the fiber core radiates into the fiber cladding (layers of lower
refractive index material in close contact with a core material of higher refractive index),
higher-order mode loss (HOL) occurs. Together, these factors reduce the transmission
distance of multimode fiber compared to that of single-mode fiber.
Single-mode fiber is so small in diameter that rays of light reflect internally through one
layer only. Interfaces with single-mode optics use lasers as light sources. Lasers generate
a single wavelength of light, which travels in a straight line through the single-mode fiber.
Compared to multimode fiber, single-mode fiber has a higher bandwidth and can carry
signals for longer distances. It is consequently more expensive.
For information about the maximum transmission distance and supported wavelength
range for the types of single-mode and multimode fiber-optic cables that are connected
to line cards on the J-EX8200 switches, see "Optical Interface Support in J-EX8200
Switches" on page 51. Exceeding the maximum transmission distances can result in
significant signal loss, which causes unreliable transmission.
An optical data link functions correctly provided that modulated light reaching the receiver
has enough power to be demodulated correctly. Attenuation is the reduction in strength
of the light signal during transmission. Passive media components such as cables, cable
splices, and connectors cause attenuation. Although attenuation is significantly lower
for optical fiber than for other media, it still occurs in both multimode and single-mode
transmission. An efficient optical data link must transmit enough light to overcome
attenuation.
Dispersion is the spreading of the signal over time. The following two types of dispersion
can affect signal transmission through an optical data link:
Chromatic dispersion, which is the spreading of the signal over time caused by the
different speeds of light rays.