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4.4.1 Modes of attaching the electrodes
Bipolar
Here you must use two electrodes of equal size.
This is the most common mode especially for pain therapy and circulatory stimula-
tion.
Unipolar
Preferably used when treating small areas, e.g. nerve and muscle stimulation points,
especially on the hands or in the face.
This therapy mode includes using two electrodes of different size, with the bigger
(indifferent) one being fixed proximally in most cases. The size of the indifferent
electrode must be big enough not to stimulate any more (size = two to three times).
A punctiform electrode is mostly used as small (different) electrode.
4.5
Therapy using low-frequency current modes
4.5.1 Monophase and biphase current modes
The majority of low-frequency current modes for pain therapy, circulatory stimula-
tion, detonisation and mobilisation can be applied in their basic monophase as well
as biphase mode. If this option exists, the following selection is displayed in the
menu of the respective current mode:
Monophase current modes resemble direct current, i.e. every electrode has a de-
fined polarity:
- = cathode (high-stimulation electrode).
Biphase current modes, however, have a continually alternating polarity, called
polarity
. The stimulation intensity of both electrodes is identical.
Many current modes are preferably applied in biphase mode, as you can reduce the
danger of burns even at high doses. Biphase currents have a better tolerance, which
has special significance for the treatment of sensitive patients.
4.5.2 Iontophoresis
The iontophoresis features the percutaneous diffusion of medicaments or therapeu-
tic ointments into the body when using
It is important for the treatment to know the relation of ions of the respective me-
dicament. Depending on the combination of the active agent molecules and their
separation in positive and negative particles we speak of
migrate as follows:
cations
anions
PHYSIOMED-Jubilee
+ = anode (low-stimulation electrode)
cathode
to
anode
to
.
galvanic current
.
cations
Stimulation Current Therapy
non
-
anions
and
. Ions
27
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