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63
EMISSION CONTROL & REGULATIONS
GENERAL EMlSSION INFORMATION
There are three
different
types
of regulated exhaust emissions. They are:
Hydrocarbons
(HC)
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Automobiles
must
meet
spec
ssion
standards for all three of these pollutants, Motorcycles must
only
meet
the requirements for
rne ~oilowing:
H Y ~
1s
(HCF
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
HC
exhaust emissions are basically unburned fuel vapors which have passed through the engine
and
es-
caped the
combustion process.
CO exhaust
emfsions
are formed during
an incomplete
combustion cycle as a result of
a rich
air/fuel mix-
ture.
The only way
that
CO
can be produced
is by the combustion
cycle.
Total NOx emissions from a l l motorcyciles is considered negligible. The EPA states that total NOx
ernis-
sion
from motorcycles by 1990 will only
amount
to
approximately
0.5%.
NOx
is
farmed during the
corn-
bustion process a t high combustion chamber temperatures.
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon
monoxide is a
product
of an incomplete combustion cycle. CO is measured in
grams per
mile
or
kilometer and also in percentage
(%I.
The most common cause
of CQ is
rich carburetion. As the mixture is richened excessively,
the
60
amount
increases proportionately. Engine oil is
also
a hydrocarbon, so engine problems which lead
to
oil burning
increase carbon
monoxide.
CARBURETION MALFUNCTION
1.
Air Cleaner
- Dirty
or over oiled.
2.
Idle Mixture
-
Adjusted incorrectly.
3.
Idle
Speed -
Too high
o r low.
4.
fuel Level
-
Sticking float, leaking needle, incorrect setting.
5. Choke
-
Leaking
or
linkage sticking.
6. Synchronization-
Improperbalanceonmulticylinders.
ENGINE MALFUNCTION
1.
ValveSeals-
Leaking or tom.
2.
Valve Guide
-
Worn and leaking excess
oil.
3.
Gaskets
-
Leaking
oil
into combustion chamber.
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