2 - 2
SUSPENSION
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
• Toe is measured in degrees or inches and is the
difference in width between the centered leading and
trailing edges of the tires on the same axle (Fig. 3).
Toe-in means that the front width is more narrow
than the rear. Toe-out means that the front width is
wider than the rear.
Fig. 2 Caster
1 – POSITIVE
2 – NEGATIVE
• Thrust Angle is defined as the average of the toe
settings on each rear wheel. If this measurement is
out of specification, readjust the rear wheel toe so
that each wheel has 1/2 of the total toe measure-
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
SUSPENSION AND STEERING DIAGNOSIS
CONDITION
Front End Whine On Turns
Front End Growl Or
Grinding On Turns
Front End Clunk Or Snap
On Turns
POSSIBLE CAUSES
1. Defective wheel bearing
2. Incorrect wheel alignment
3. Worn tires
1. Defective wheel bearing
2. Engine mount grounding
3. Worn or broken C/V joint
4. Loose wheel lug nuts
5. Incorrect wheel alignment
6. Worn tires
7. Front strut pin in upper strut mount
1. Loose lug nuts
ment. When readjusting, do not exceed the total toe
specification.
Wheel alignment on this vehicle is to be checked
and all alignment adjustments are to be made with
the vehicle standing at its curb height specification.
Curb height is the riding height of the vehicle mea-
sured from a certain point on the vehicle to the
ground while the vehicle is setting on a flat, level
surface.
Fig. 3 Toe
1 – TOE-IN
2 – TOE-OUT
1. Replace wheel bearing
2. Check and reset wheel alignment
3. Replace tires
1. Replace wheel bearing
2. Check for motor mount hitting frame
rail and reposition engine as required
3. Replace C/V joint
4. Verify wheel lug nut torque
5. Check and reset wheel alignment
6. Replace tires
7. Replace the front strut upper mount
and bearing
1. Verify wheel lug nut torque
CORRECTION
LH
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