Nagra Seven Operating Instructions Manual page 104

ANNEX V Explanations of some important
"Cyber terms"
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network application protocol used by devices (DHCP clients) to
obtain configuration information for operation in an Internet Protocol network. This protocol reduces system
administration workload, allowing devices to be added to the network with little or no manual intervention.
Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating
in the Internet. It associates various information with domain names assigned to such participants. Most
importantly, it translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated
with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices world-wide. An often used
analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating
human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.example.com translates to
208.77.188.166.
Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). The name
comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the Physical
Layer of the OSI networking model, through means of network access at the Media Access Control (MAC) /Data Link
Layer, and a common addressing format.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a
network such as the Internet. An FTP client may connect to an FTP server to manipulate files on that server.
Internet Connectivity Establishment (ICE) is a technique used in computer networking involving network address
translators (NATs) in Internet applications of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), peer-to-peer communications,
video, instant messaging and other interactive media. In such applications, NAT traversal is an important component
to facilitate communications involving hosts on private network installations, often located behind firewalls.
Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork using the
Internet Protocol Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP. IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet
Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagrams (packets) from the source host to the
destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods
and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of addressing structure, now referred to as
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is still the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is being deployed actively worldwide.
Local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or small group of
buildings, such as a school, or an airport. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide-area networks
(WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased
telecommunication lines.
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a general term for techniques that establish and maintain Internet protocol
connections traversing network address translation (NAT) gateways, which break end-to-end connectivity.
Intercepting and modifying traffic can only be performed transparently in the absence of secure encryption and
authentication.
Real Time Protocol (RTP) is a protocol designed for end-to-end, real-time, transfer of stream data. The protocol
provides facilities for jitter compensation and detection of out of sequence arrival in data, which are common during
transmissions on an IP network. RTP allows data transfer to multiple destinations through IP multicast. RTP is
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Annex V July 2014