Fixed-Wing Model Aircraft - GRAUPNER mx-16 HOTT Programming Manual

D/R Expo
Switchable control characteristics for aileron, elevator and rudder
Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-
key to leaf through to the "D/R Expo" menu point of the
multi-function menu:
mod. mem. base sett.
ser vo set. contr set.
D/R expo phase trim
wing mixer free mixer
ser vo disp basic sett
fail-safe telemetr y
A brief press on the central SET button of the right-hand
touch-key opens this menu point:
aile 100% 0%
elev 100% 0%
rudd 100% 0%
DUAL EXPO
The Dual Rate / Expo function provides a means of
switching to reduced control travels, and of influencing
the travel characteristics, for aileron, elevator and rudder
(control functions 2 ... 4).
Dual Rate works in a similar way to transmitter control
travel adjustment in the "Transmitter control settings"
menu, i. e. it affects the corresponding stick function, re-
gardless of whether that function controls a single servo
or multiple servos via any number of complex mixer and
coupling functions.
For each switch position the servo travels can be set to
any value within the range 0 to 125% of full travel.
Expo works in a different way. If you set a value greater
than 0%, exponential provides fine control of the model
around the centre position of the primary control func-
102 Dual Rate / Expo - fixed-wing model
tions (aileron, elevator and rudder), without forfeiting
full travel at the end-points of stick movement. If you set
a value lower than 0%, travel is increased around the
neutral position, and diminishes towards the extremes of
travel. The degree of "progression" can therefore be set
to any value within the range -100% to +100%, where
0% equates to normal, linear control characteristics.
Another application for exponential is to improve the
linearity of rotary-output servos, which are the standard
nowadays. With a rotary servo the movement of the
control surface is inevitably non-linear, as the linear
movement of the output disc or lever diminishes pro-
gressively as the angular movement increases, i. e. the
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rate of travel of the control surface declines steadily
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towards the extremes, dependent upon the position of
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the linkage point on the output disc or lever. You can
compensate for this effect by setting an Expo value
greater than 0%, with the result that the angular travel of
the output device increases disproportionately as stick
travel increases.
Like Dual Rates, the Expo setting applies directly to the
corresponding stick function, regardless of whether that
function controls a single servo or multiple servos via
any number of complex mixer and coupling functions.
The Dual Rate and Expo functions can be switched on
and off together if you assign a switch to the function.
The result of this is that Dual Rates and Expo can be
controlled simultaneously using a single switch, and
this can be advantageous - especially with high-speed
models.
Flight phase dependent Dual-Rate and Expo set-
tings
If you have assigned a switch and - if you wish - a more
appropriate name to one of the phases 2 to 4 in the
"Base settings" menu (see page 78), then this appears
at bottom left, e. g. "normal". If necessary, operate the
associated switch in order to switch between the flight
phases.
The basic set-up procedure
1. Switch to the desired flight phase, and then select
the desired line "aile", "elev" or "rudd" using the arrow
buttons  of the left or right-hand touch-key.
2. If necessary, use the  buttons of the left or right-
hand touch key to select the desired column.
SET
3. Briefly press the central button of the right-hand
touch-key: the corresponding input field is now high-
lighted (black background).
4. Set the desired value using the arrow buttons of the
right-hand touch-key.
SET
5. Touch the central button of the right-hand touch-
key to conclude the input process.
6. Simultaneously press the  or  buttons of the
right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) to reset any changed
settings to the default values.
Dual Rate function
If you wish to switch between two possible D/R settings,
use the  button of the left or right-hand touch-key to
move to the right-hand column, marked at the bottom
edge of the screen with the switch symbol
briefly touch the central SET button ...
aile 100% 0%
push desired switch
into position ON
normal
DUAL EXPO
, then
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