Using Flowgraphs To Identify Error Terms - Keysight N5221A Service Manual

General Purpose Maintenance Procedures
Error Terms
as a tool:
CAUTION Perform the following procedure only at a static-safe workstation, and wear a grounded
wrist strap.
This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge can seriously damage your
analyzer, resulting in costly repair.
To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the recommendations outlined
in "Electrostatic Discharge Protection" on page
calibration.
1. Connect a type-N cable to Port 2.
2. Perform a full 2-port calibration,

Using Flowgraphs to Identify Error Terms

Flowgraphs are a graphical representation of signal flow through the measurement path. The flowgraphs in
Figure 8-1, Figure 8-2, Figure
calibration for 1-port, 2-port, 3-port, and 4-port configurations respectively.
Figure 8-1 Flowgraph of One-Port Error Terms for Port 1
where:
E = Error term
Subscript:
D = Directivity
S = Source Match
R = Reflection Tracking
The error terms are the same for a one port measurement on Port 2 (S
8-4
. Refer to embedded help in the analyzer if necessary.
FULL SOLT 2-Port
8-3, and Figure 8-4 illustrate the error terms associated with measurement
PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers
1-6, when performing the following
).
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Service Guide N5222-90001
N5221A/22A