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Theory of Operation
Synthesized Source Group Operation
A21 Multiplier/Amplifier 26.5 Board (HMA26.5)
In bands 2–15, the synthesized LO input is filtered, amplified, and passed through to the A22 splitter (4-port
only). In bands 16-21, the input is amplified, doubled, and filtered, then sent to the output.
Together, these signal paths create the full output frequency range of 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz that is sent to the
A22 splitter (4-port only) where the signal is divided and sent to the A23 and A24 (4-port only) mixer bricks
as the LO signal.
A10 Frequency Reference Board
This assembly provides stable reference frequencies to the rest of the instrument. A high stability 10 MHz
oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) normally provides the frequency standard. However, if a 10 MHz
external reference signal is detected at the 10 MHz EXT REF IN port on the rear panel, it is used as the
frequency reference instead.
The 10 MHz reference signal is used to phase lock a 100 MHz VCO. The output of this VCO is then divided by
ten to produce the 10 MHz EXT REF OUT rear panel signal and also a 10 MHz reference signal for the A12
signal processing ADC module (SPAM) board. The VCO output is also divided by two to produce 50 MHz
reference signals for the A4, A13, and A11 13.5 GHz synthesizer boards.
Rear-Panel Interconnects
10 MHz REF INPUT
10 MHz REF OUTPUT
5-10
A BNC connector that allows an external frequency reference signal to be used
to phase lock the analyzer for increased frequency accuracy.
The analyzer automatically enables the external frequency reference feature
when a signal is connected to this input. When the signal is removed, the
analyzer automatically switches back to its internal frequency reference.
A BNC connector that allows a 10 MHz reference signal, produced by the A10
frequency reference board, to be output for use in phase locking external test
equipment.
PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers
Service Guide N5222-90001
N5221A/22A
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Table of Contents
Troubleshooting
