Using Dscp Values To Provide Qos; Differentiated Services Concepts; Per Hop Behavior - HP 438031-B21 - 1:10Gb Ethernet BL-c Switch Application Manual

Using DSCP values to provide QoS

The six most significant bits in the TOS byte of the IP header are defined as DiffServ Code Points (DSCP).
Packets are marked with a certain value depending on the type of treatment the packet must receive in the
network device. DSCP is a measure of the Quality of Service (QoS) level of the packet.

Differentiated Services concepts

To differentiate between traffic flows, packets can be classified by their DSCP value. The Differentiated
Services (DS) field in the IP header is an octet, and the first six bits, called the DS Code Point (DSCP), can
provide QoS functions. Each packet carries its own QoS state in the DSCP. There are 64 possible DSCP
values (0-63).
Figure 12 Layer 3 IPv4 packet
The switch can perform the following actions to the DSCP:
Read the DSCP value of ingress packets
Re-mark the DSCP value to a new value
Map the DSCP value to an 802.1p priority
Once the DSCP value is marked, the switch can use it to direct traffic prioritization.

Per Hop Behavior

The DSCP value determines the Per Hop Behavior (PHB) of each packet. The PHB is the forwarding
treatment given to packets at each hop. QoS policies are built by applying a set of rules to packets,
based on the DSCP value, as they hop through the network.
The HP 1:10GbE switch default settings are based on the following standard PHBs, as defined in the IEEE
standards:
Expedited Forwarding (EF)—This PHB has the highest egress priority and lowest drop precedence
level. EF traffic is forwarded ahead of all other traffic. EF PHB is described in RFC 2598.
Assured Forwarding (AF)—This PHB contains four service levels, each with a different drop
precedence, as shown below. Routers use drop precedence to determine which packets to discard
last when the network becomes congested. AF PHB is described in RFC 2597.
Table 17 Assured forwarding drop-down precedence
Drop Precedence Class 1
Low
Medium
High
Class 2
AF11 (DSCP 10) AF21 (DSCP 18)
AF12 (DSCP 12) AF22 (DSCP 20)
AF13 (DSCP 14) AF23 (DSCP 22)
Quality of Service
Class 3 Class 4
AF31 (DSCP 26) AF41 (DSCP 34)
AF32 (DSCP 28) AF42 (DSCP 36)
AF33 (DSCP 30) AF43 (DSCP 38)
95