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Danfoss VLT AutomationDrive FC 360 Design Manual
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Danfoss VLT AutomationDrive FC 360 Design Manual

90–315 kw, enclosure sizes j8–j9
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Design Guide
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360
90–315 kW, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9
drives.danfoss.com |

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Summary of Contents for Danfoss VLT AutomationDrive FC 360

  • Page 1 Design Guide VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 90–315 kW, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9 drives.danfoss.com |...
  • Page 3 Automatic Energy Optimization 3.2.11 Automatic Switching Frequency Modulation 3.2.12 Automatic Derating for High Switching Frequency 3.2.13 Power Fluctuation Performance 3.2.14 Resonance Damping 3.2.15 Temperature-controlled Fans 3.2.16 EMC Compliance 3.2.17 Galvanic Isolation of Control Terminals Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 4 VLT® 24 V DC Supply MCB 107 4.2.5 VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114 Specifications Electrical Data Mains Supply (L1, L2, L3) Motor Output (U, V, W) Torque Characteristics Ambient Conditions Cable Lengths and Cross-sections | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 5 Mounting Configurations Cooling Derating 6.6.1 Overview of Derating 6.6.2 Derating for Low-Speed Operation 6.6.3 Derating for Altitude 6.6.4 Derating for Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency Electrical Installation Considerations Safety Instructions Wiring Diagram Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 6 7.14.1 Harmonics Overview 7.14.2 Harmonic Analysis 7.14.3 Effect of Harmonics in a Power Distribution System 7.14.4 IEC Harmonic Standards 7.14.5 Harmonic Compliance Basic Operating Principles of a Drive Introduction Description of Operation | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 7 Content of a Character (byte) 9.4.2 Telegram Structure 9.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 9.4.4 Drive Address (ADR) 9.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 9.4.6 The Data Field 9.4.7 The PKE Field 9.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 8 Storage of Data 9.9.3 IND (Index) 9.9.4 Text Blocks 9.9.5 Conversion Factor 9.9.6 Parameter Values 9.10 Examples 9.10.1 Overview of the Examples 9.10.2 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 9.10.3 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 9 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 9.10.6 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 9.10.7 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 9.11 Danfoss FC Control Profile 9.11.1 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC Profile) 9.11.2 Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) 9.11.3...
  • Page 10 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 viii | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 11 The programming guide provides greater detail on working with parameters and many application examples. Instructions for operation with optional equipment. Supplementary publications and manuals are available from Danfoss website www.danfoss.com. Document Version This guide is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.
  • Page 12 The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended. Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity upon request.
  • Page 13 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Safety Safety Symbols The following symbols are used in Danfoss documentation.   DANGER Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.   WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
  • Page 14 Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The minimum waiting time is 20 minutes. Before performing any service or repair work, use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that the capacitors are fully discharged. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 15 An internal failure in the drive can result in serious injury when the drive is not properly closed. Ensure that all safety covers are in place and securely fastened before applying power.   NOTICE HIGH ALTITUDES For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss regarding PELV. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 16 (1st fault).   NOTICE To ensure compliance with IEC 60364 for CE, it is mandatory to use fuses and/or circuit breakers. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 17 A fast trip/warning option is available by utilizing LCP parameters (parameter 14-17 Fast Mains Phase Loss Level and parameter 14-18 Fast Mains Phase Loss Min Power) when a quick response to mains imbalance is expected. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 18 Low motor speed. As a response to a critical level, the drive adjusts the switching frequency. For high internal temperatures and low motor speed, the drive can also force the PWM pattern to SFAVM. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 19 Sensors in the drive regulate the operation of the internal cooling fans. Often, the cooling fans do not run during low load operation, or when in sleep mode or standby. These sensors reduce noise, increase efficiency, and extend the operating life of the fan. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 20 Parameter 4-18 Current Limit controls the current limit, and parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit controls the time before the current limit warning trips. Minimum speed limit Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] sets the minimum output speed that the drive can provide. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 21 15% below the lowest rated supply voltage. The mains voltage before the dropout and the motor load determine how long it takes for the drive to coast. The drive can be configured (parameter 14-10 Mains Failure) to different types of behavior during mains dropout: Trip lock once the DC-link is exhausted. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 22 The condition for an event can be a particular status, or that the output from a logic rule or a comparator operand becomes TRUE. The condition leads to an associated action as shown in the following illustration. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 23 P13-02 Figure 3: Order of Execution when 4 Events/Actions are Programmed Comparators Comparators are used for comparing continuous variables (output frequency, output current, analog input, and so on) to fixed preset values. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 24 This design improves reliability and prolongs component life by dramatically reducing interior temperatures and contamination of the electronic components. Different back-channel cooling kits are available to redirect the airflow based on individual needs. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 25 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Airflow for J8 & J9 Enclosures 3.5.2 225 mm (8.9 in) 225 mm (8.9 in) Figure 6: Standard Airflow Configuration for Enclosures J8 and J9 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 26 Wide compatibility, a high level of availability, support for all major PLC vendors, and compatibility with future versions. Fast, efficient communication, transparent installation, advanced diagnosis, and parameterization and auto-configuration of process data via a GSD file. Acyclic parameterization using PROFIBUS DP-V1, PROFIdrive, or Danfoss FC profile state machines. VLT® PROFINET MCA 120 4.1.3 The VLT®...
  • Page 27 The VLT® Sensor Input Option MCB 114 protects the motor from being overheated by monitoring the temperature of motor bearings and windings. 3 self-detecting sensor inputs for 2 or 3-wire PT100/PT1000 sensors. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 28 Table 4: Electrical Data for High Overload, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC Drive H90K H110 H132 H160 H200 H250 Enclosure size High overload=150% current during 60 s Typical shaft output at 400 V [kW] Typical shaft output at 460 V [hp] | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 29 Displacement power factor (cos Φ) near unity >0.98 Switching on input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) Maximum 1 time/2 minute Environment according to EN60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2 Calculations based on IEC61800-3. Mains voltage low/mains voltage drop-out: Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 30 Maximum 45 °C (113 °F) Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation -15 °C (5 °F) Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance -20 °C (-4 °F) Temperature during storage/transport -25 to +65/70 °C (13 to 149/158 °F) | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 31 Input resistance, Ri Approximately 4 kΩ Terminals 27 and 29 can also be programmed as output. All digital inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 32 DC Bus RS-485 Figure 7: Analog Inputs   NOTICE HIGH ALTITUDES For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss regarding PELV. Pulse Inputs Programmable pulse inputs Terminal number pulse 29, 33 Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 (push-pull driven) 32 kHz | Danfoss A/S ©...
  • Page 33 10 bit The analog output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high voltage terminals. Relay Outputs 5.12 Programmable relay outputs Maximum cross-section to relay terminals 2.5 mm (12 AWG) Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 34 The relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit by reinforced isolation (PELV). Control Card, RS485 Serial Communication 5.13 Terminal number 68 (P, TX+, RX+), 69 (N, TX-, RX-) Terminal number 61 Common for terminals 68 and 69 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 35 Speed accuracy (open loop) ±0.5% of nominal speed Speed accuracy (close loop) ±0.1% of nominal speed All control characteristics are based on a 4-pole asynchronous motor. Control Card Performance 5.17 Scan interval 1 ms Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 36 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions 5.18 J8 Exterior Dimensions 5.18.1 61 (2.4) 128 (5.0) 660 (26.0) 495 (19.5) Figure 8: Front View of J8 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 37 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 375 (14.8) 82 (3.2) 39 (1.5) 18 (0.7) 20 (0.8) 148 (5.8) 844 (33.2) Figure 9: Side View of J8 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 38 25 (1.0) 909 (35.8) 11 (0.4) 78 (3.1) 200 (7.9) 889 (35.0) 844 (33.2) 656 (25.8) 25 (1.0) 11 (0.4) 20 (0.8) 200 (7.9) (0.9) 9 (0.3) Figure 10: Back View of J8 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 39 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 J8 Terminal Dimensions 5.18.2 188 (7.4) 83 (3.3) Figure 11: J8 Terminal Dimensions (Front View) Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 40 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 10 (0.4) 3X M8x18 13 (0.5) 32 (1.3) 13 (0.5) 32 (1.3) Figure 12: J8 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views) Mains terminals Motor terminals Ground terminals Mains terminals Motor terminals | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 41 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 J9 Exterior Dimensions 5.18.3 59 (2.3) 176 (6.9) 868 (34.2) 611 (24.1) Figure 13: Front View of J9 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 42 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 39 (1.5) 375 (14.8) 18 (0.7) 142 (5.6) 20 (0.8) 148 (5.8) 1050 (41.3) Figure 14: Side View of J9 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 43 25 (1.0) (4.2) 1122 (44.2) 213 (8.4) 320 (12.6) 1096 (43.1) 1051 (41.4) 857 (33.7) (1.6) 11 (0.4) 24 (0.9) 20 (0.8) 9 (0.3) 271 (10.7) Figure 15: Back View of J9 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 44 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 J9 Terminal Dimensions 5.18.4 319 (12.6) 200 (7.9) Figure 16: J9 Terminal Dimensions (Front View) Mains terminals Motor terminals Ground terminals | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 45 3X M10X 20 22 (0.9) 15 (0.6) 18 (0.7) 35 (1.4) 19 (0.8) 38 (1.5) Figure 17: J9 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views) Mains terminals Motor terminals Ground terminals Mains terminals Motor terminals Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 46 See chapter Product Overview and Features for the weight of the different enclosure sizes. Maximum diameter for bar: 20 mm (0.8 in). The angle from the top of the drive to the lifting cable: 60° or greater. 65° Figure 18: Recommended Lifting Method | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 47 Also, dust can accumulate on fan blades causing an imbalance which prevents the fans from properly cooling the unit. Mounting Configurations The following table lists the available mounting configurations for each enclosure size of the drive.   NOTICE Improper mounting can result in overheating and reduced performance. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 48 – – Can be wall-mounted, but Danfoss recommends that the drive is panel-mounted inside an enclosure due to its protection rating. Mounting considerations: Locate the unit as near to the motor as possible. See the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections for the maximum motor cable length.
  • Page 49 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Manual derating When the following conditions are present, Danfoss recommends selecting a drive 1 power size higher (for example H132 instead of H110): Low-speed – continuous operation at low RPM in constant torque applications.
  • Page 50 Derating for Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency 6.6.4   NOTICE FACTORY DERATING Danfoss drives are already derated for operational temperature (55 °C (131 °F) T and 50 °C (122 °F) T AMB, MAX AMB, AVG Use the graphs in the following table to determine if the output current must be derated based on switching frequency and ambient temperature.
  • Page 51 NEC. Failure to set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [ETR trip] or [ETR warning] means that motor overload protection is not provided and, if the motor overheats, property damage can occur. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 52 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Wiring Diagram Figure 20: Wiring Diagram | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 53 Switching frequency When drives are used together with sine-wave filters to reduce the acoustic noise from a motor, the switching frequency must be set according to the instructions in parameter 14-01 Switching Frequency. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 54 Control cables must be shielded and the shield must be connected with a cable clamp at both ends to the metal cabinet of the unit. For correct grounding of control cables, see Figure | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 55 PLC e tc. Drive Ground Ground PLC e tc. Drive Ground Ground Ground Ground Minimum 16 mm Equalizing cable PLC e tc. Drive Ground Ground 100 nF Drive Drive Ground Figure 23: Grounding Examples Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 56 Connections are made to the relevant options on the control card. See the relevant fieldbus instruction. The cable must be tied down and routed along with other control wires inside the unit. Control Terminals 7.4.3 Figure 24: Control Terminal Locations | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 57 Input Parameter 5-14 Terminal 32 Digital [0] No operation Digital input, 24 V encoder. Terminal Input 33 can be used for pulse input. Parameter 5-15 Terminal 33 Digital [0] No operation Input Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 58 Use of fuses on the supply side is mandatory for IEC 60364 (CE) compliant installations. Type aR fuses are recommended for enclosures J8–J9. Table 10: J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Sizes Model 380–480 V H90K/Q110 ar-315 H110/Q132 ar-350 H132/Q160 ar-400 H160/Q200 ar-500 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 59 Class L fuse. The input voltage and power rating are found on the product nameplate. Motor Motor Rotation 7.6.1 Any 3-phase asynchronous standard motor can be used with a drive. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 60 Thermal Protection is set for ETR Trip and parameter 1-24 Motor Current is set to the rated motor current (see the motor nameplate). Parallel Connection of Motors 7.6.3 The drive can control several parallel-connected motors. For different configurations of parallel-connected motors, see Figure | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 61 Consider voltage drop across the motor cables. The total motor cable length specified in the chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections is valid as long as the parallel cables are kept less than 10 m (32 ft) each. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 62 For motor cable lengths that are less than or equal to the maximum cable length listed in chapter Cable Lengths and Cross-sections, use the motor insulation ratings shown in the following table. If a motor has lower insulation rating, Danfoss recommends using a dU/dt or sine-wave filter.
  • Page 63 Leakage current Motor cable length Figure 28: Motor Cable Length and Power Size Influence the Leakage Current. Power Size a > Power Size b. The leakage current also depends on the line distortion. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 64 Dimension RCDs according to the system configuration and environmental considerations. The leakage current includes several frequencies originating from both the mains frequency and the switching frequency. Whether the switching frequency is detected depends on the type of RCD used. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 65 DC link and to reduce the ground capacity currents, according to IEC 61800-3. If optimum EMC performance is needed, or parallel motors are connected, or the motor cable length is above 25 m (82 ft), Danfoss recommends setting parameter 14-50 RFI Filter to [1] ON. Refer also to the Application Note, VLT on IT mains. It is important to use isolation monitors that are rated for use together with power electronics (IEC 61557-8).
  • Page 66 Efficiency of the system (η SYSTEM To calculate system efficiency, the efficiency of the drive (η ) is multiplied by the efficiency of the motor (η MOTOR η =η x η SYSTEM MOTOR | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 67 To avoid the premature aging of motors that are not designed to be used with drives, such as those motors without phase insulation paper or other insulation reinforcement, Danfoss strongly recommends a dU/dt filter or a sine-wave filter fitted on the output of the drive.
  • Page 68 Most of the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit through the PE (I3), leaving only a small electromagnetic field (I4) from the shielded motor cable. The shield reduces the radiated interference but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 69 Industrial Residential, Commercial, Industrial commercial, or light indus- commercial, or light indus- or light indus- trial or light indus- trial trial trial FC 360 90–315 kW 150 m (492 ft) 380–480 V Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 70 The immunity requirements for drives depend on the installation environment. The requirements for the industrial environment are higher than the requirements for the home and office environment. All Danfoss drives comply with the equirements for both the industrial and the home/office environment.
  • Page 71 There are 2 options for ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. Eliminate or minimize interference at the source of emitted interference. Increase the immunity to interference in devices affected by its reception. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 72 Internal inrush, RFI, and temperature measurement circuits 8 Customer relays EMC-compliant Installation 7.13.6 To obtain an EMC-compliant installation, follow the instructions provided in the operating guide. For an example of proper EMC installation, see the following illustration. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 73 There is a risk of overvoltage. Isolation between components and critical parts could be insufficient and not comply with PELV requirements. Reduce the risk of overvoltage by using external protective devices or galvanic isolation. For installations above 2000 m (6500 ft) altitude, contact Danfoss regarding PELV compliance.   NOTICE...
  • Page 74 Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) between control cables, motor cables, and mains cables. Mains supply Bare (unpainted) surface Star washers Brake cable (shielded) Motor cable (shielded) Main cable (shielded) Output contactor Cable insulation stripped | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 75 Table 23: Basic Currents and Harmonic Currents Basic current (I Harmonic current (I Current Frequency 50 Hz 250 Hz 350 Hz 550 Hz Table 24: Harmonic Currents vs. RMS Input Current Current Harmonic current 11-49 Input current <0.1 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 76 PCC (S ) and the rated apparent power of the load. where Negative effects of harmonics Harmonic currents contribute to system losses (in cabling and transformer). | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 77 Typically, a class cannot be defined ahead of time without considering the intended equipment and processes to be used in the environment. Drives observe the limits of Class 3 under typical supply system conditions (R >10 or V <10%). k Line Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 78 4.5 x (17/h) – 0.5 Table 27: Compatibility Levels for the Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion THDv Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 THDv Harmonic Compliance 7.14.5 Danfoss drives comply with the following standards: IEC61000-2-4. IEC61000-3-4. G5/4. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 79 Basic Operating Principles of a Drive Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the primary assemblies and circuitry of a Danfoss drive. It describes the internal electrical and signal processing functions. A description of the internal control structure is also included.
  • Page 80 The local reference is active when the drive is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference via the Up key, Down key, Right key and the [Back] key. Remote reference The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in the Figure | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 81 ([Hz], [RPM], [Nm], and so on). Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 fixed preset reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference) and 1 variable analog reference (parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource) in [%]. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 82 P 3-00 Reference Range = [0] Min-Max Resulting reference P 3-03 Forward P 3-02 Sum of all references -P 3-02 Reverse -P 3-03 Figure 39: Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 0 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 83 RPM, m/s, and bar. 100% reference equals the maximum (absolute value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, absolute value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference). When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and 100% reference equals maximum reference. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 84 Terminal 53 Low Terminal 54 Low Terminal 54 Low Terminal 29 Low Terminal 33 Low Voltage [V] Current [mA] Voltage [V] Current [mA] Frequency [Hz] Frequency [Hz] P2=(Maximum input value, maximum reference value) | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 85 Figure 43: Size of Dead Band Case 1: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part I Figure 44 shows how reference input with limits inside minimum to maximum limits clamps. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 86 -maximum to +maximum limits clamps to the input low and high limits before adding to external reference, and how the external reference is clamped to -maximum to +maximum by the reference algorithm. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 87 Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized speed closed-loop control has higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control. Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source. Torque control Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 88 Speed PID control. The Speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the Speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 89 Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter group 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and parameter group 7-3* Process PID Ctrl. Control Structure in Flux with Motor Feedback 8.3.4.3 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 90 Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of a process variable (for example, speed) in the controlled application. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 91 To prevent impedance mismatch, use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the drive, always use shielded motor cable. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 92 The address range depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol. Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate Set the baud rate.   NOTICE The default baud rate depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 93 Overview 9.2.1 The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus, is the Danfoss standard fieldbus. It defines an access technique according to the master/follower principle for communications via a fieldbus. One master and a maximum of 126 followers can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual followers via an address character in the telegram.
  • Page 94 This bit is set at 1 when it reaches parity. Parity is when there is an equal number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total. A stop bit completes a character, consisting of 11 bits in all. Start Even Stop parity Figure 51: Content of a Character | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 95 The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains: Control word and reference value (from master to follower). Status word and present output frequency (from follower to master). Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 96 The PKE field contains 2 subfields: Parameter command and response (AK). Parameter number (PNU). Figure 56: PKE Field Bits 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master to follower and return processed follower responses to the master. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 97 If the command cannot be performed, the follower sends 0111 Command cannot be performed response and issues the following fault reports in the table. Table 35: Follower Report Fault code FC specification Illegal parameter number. Parameter cannot be changed. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 98 The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the defined command (AK). The master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block contains no value. To change a parameter value (write), write the new value in the PWE block and send from the master to the follower. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 99 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0. Table 37: Conversion Conversion index Conversion factor 3600 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 100 The response from the follower to the master is shown in the Figure 119E 0000 0000 03E8 PWE high Figure 58: Response from Master Reading a Parameter Value 9.5.2 Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 101 Prerequisite Knowledge 9.6.1 Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this manual and strictly observes all requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller and the drive. The built-in Modbus RTU (remote terminal unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces defined in this manual.
  • Page 102 Table 39: Parameters to Enable the Modbus RTU Parameter Setting Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247 Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200 Parameter 8-33 Parity/Stop Bits Even parity, 1 stop bit (default) | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 103 (shown as Start T1-T2-T3-T4). The first field to be transmitted is the device address. Following the last transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the telegram. A new telegram can begin after this period. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 104 0. For example: The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address field of a Modbus telegram. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007Ehex (126 decimal). | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 105 No reset Reset No jog Ramp 1 Ramp 2 Data not valid Data valid Relay 1 off Relay 1 on Relay 2 off Relay 2 on Set up lsb – No reversing Reversing Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 106 (parameter 12-28 Store Data Values and parameter 12-29 Store Always - stored in, for example, EEPROM). 40007 Last fault code Read only Fault code received from parameter database, refer to WHAT 38295 for details. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 107 Function code (hex) Read coils Read holding registers Write single coil Write single register Diagnostics Get comm. event counter Write multiple coils Write multiple registers Report follower ID Read/Write multiple registers Encapsulated Interface Transport Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 108 The holding register 3120 holds the values of the parameters. A value of 1352 (decimal) means that the parameter is set to 12.52%. Reading parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32 bit): The holding registers 3410 and 3411 hold the parameters’ values. A value of 11300 (decimal) means that the parameter is set to 1113.00. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 109 The query telegram specifies the starting coil and quantity of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 33 is addressed as 32. Example of a request to read coils 33–48 (status word) from follower device 01. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 110 The query telegram specifies the coil 65 (parameter write control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 65 is addressed as 64. Force data = 00 00 hex (OFF) or FF 00 hex (ON). | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 111 This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to either on or off. When broadcasting, the function forces the same coil references in all attached followers. Query The query telegram specifies the coils 17–32 (speed setpoint) to be forced.   NOTICE Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 17 is addressed as 16. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 112 The query telegram specifies the starting register and quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at 0, that is, registers 1–4 are addressed as 0–3. Example: Read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, register 03030. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 113 The query telegram specifies the register reference to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0. Example: Write to parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode, register 1000. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 114 Example of a request to preset 2 registers (set parameter 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)): Table 60: Query Field name Example (hex) Follower address Function Starting address HI Starting address LO | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 115 Function Starting address HI Starting address LO Number of registers HI Number of registers LO Error check (CRC) – Danfoss FC Control Profile 9.11 Control Word According to FC Profile (8-10 Protocol = FC Profile) 9.11.1 Master-follower Speed ref. no.:...
  • Page 116 In parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select, define how bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs. Bit 02, DC brake Bit 02 = 0: Leads to DC brake and stop. Set braking current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current and parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 117 Bit 10 = 1: The control word is used. This function is relevant because the telegram always contains the control word, regardless of the telegram type. If the control word is not needed when updating or reading parameter, turn it off. Bit 11, Relay 01 Bit 11 = 0: Relay not activated. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 118 Table 65: Status Word According to FC Profile Bit value=0 Bit value=1 Control not ready Control ready Drive not ready Drive ready Coasting Enable No error Trip No error Error (no trip) Reserved – No error Trip lock | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 119 Bit 05 is not used in the status word. Bit 06, No error/triplock Bit 06=0: The drive is not in fault mode. Bit 06=1: The drive is tripped and locked. Bit 07, No warning/warning Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 120 Speed reference value is transmitted to the drive in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted in the form of a 16-bit word. The integer value 16384 (4000 hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative figures are formatted using 2’s complement. The actual output frequency (MAV) is scaled in the same way as the bus reference. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 121 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Master-follower 16 bit Speed reference Follower-follower Actual output frequency Figure 63: Actual Output Frequency (MAV) The reference and MAV are scaled as follows: Figure 64: Reference and MAV Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 122   NOTICE D IN If terminals 12 and 27 are not connected, set parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input to [0] No operation. + 10 V A IN A IN A OUT | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 123 D IN Feedb. Value D IN Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode *[1] Voltage D IN D IN *=Default value Notes/comments: + 10 V A IN A IN A OUT 0 ~ 10 V Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 124 D IN Feedb. Value D IN D IN Parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode *[1] Voltage D IN *=Default value Notes/comments: + 10 V A IN ≈ 5k Ω A IN A OUT | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 125 Notes/comments: D IN D IN + 10 V A IN A IN A OUT Speed Reference Start (18) Freeze ref (27) Speed up (29) Speed down (32) Figure 65: Speed Up/Speed Down Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 126 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference D IN Preset ref. 0 D IN Preset ref. 1 Preset ref. 2 Preset ref. 3 100% + 10 V A IN *=Default value A IN Notes/comments: A OUT | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 127 D IN D IN D IN + 10 V A IN A IN A OUT Motor Thermistor 10.6   NOTICE To meet PELV insulation requirements, use reinforced or double insulation on the thermistors. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 128 Notes/comments: If only a warning is needed, set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal D IN Protection to [1] Thermistor warning. D IN D IN D IN + 10 V A IN A IN A OUT | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 129 The purpose of this guideline is to ease the setup of encoder connection to the drive. Before setting up the encoder, the basic settings for a closed loop speed control system are shown. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 130 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Figure 66: 24 V or 10–30 V Encoder Figure 67: 24 V Incremental Encoder, Maximum Cable Length 5 m (16.4 ft) | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 131 Applications demanding mechanical brake control usually need a brake resistor. Status Quick Menu Main Menu Menu Warn. Alarm Hand Auto Reset Figure 68: Basic Setup for Closed-loop Speed Control Brake resistor Encoder Mechanical brake Motor Transmission Gearbox Load Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 132 Configure the correct drive for the proper application by using the internet-based Drive Configurator. The Drive Configurator is found on the global internet site: Low Voltage Drives | Danfoss Global Product Store. The configurator creates a type code string and an 8-digit sales number, which can be delivered to the local sales office.
  • Page 133 Remote mounting kit for LCP with cable, 3 m 132B0102 LCP remote mounting cable, 3 m 132B0132 Table 77: Code Numbers for Spare Parts Description Code number Control card for FC 360 J8-J9 132G0279 For more spare parts, contact Danfoss. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 134 Refer to the following design guides for dimensioning specifications and ordering numbers for filters and brake resistors: VLT® Brake Resistor MCE 101 Design Guide. VLT® Advanced Harmonic Filters AHF 005/AHF 010 Design Guide. Output Filters Design Guide. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 135 D-TYPE Drive dependent EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory Electromagnetic compatibility Electromotive force Electromagnetic interference Electrostatic discharge Electronic thermal relay °F Degrees Fahrenheit Motor frequency when jog function is activated. Motor frequency Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 136 Mille circular mil Motor control processor Motion control tool Inductance in milli Henry Minute Millimeter Millisecond Most significant bit η Efficiency of the drive defined as ratio between power output and power input. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 137 Residual current device Regen Regenerative terminals Radio frequency interference Minimum allowed brake resistor value by the drive Root average square Revolutions per minute Recommended brake resistor resistance of Danfoss brake resistors Stator resistance Second Silicon controlled rectifier SCCR Short-circuit current rating SFAVM...
  • Page 138 Start, latched start, start reversing, jog, freeze output, and [Hand On]. Motor 12.2.3 Motor running Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 139 Synchronous motor speed. slip Motor slip. M, N Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp). M, N Rated torque (motor). Instantaneous motor voltage. M, N Rated motor voltage (nameplate data). Break-away torque Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 140 Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value is set in parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference. Miscellaneous 12.2.5 Analog inputs | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 141 The numerical local control panel interface for control and programming of the drive. The display is numerical and the panel is used to show process values. The NLCP has storing and copy functions. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 142 Acronym describing the switching pattern stator flux-oriented asynchronous vector modulation. Slip compensation The drive compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost constant. | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 143 Link. ¢ Parameter name. ¢ Parameter group name. ¢ Parameter option. ¢ Footnote. ¢ All dimensions in drawings are in [mm] (in). An asterisk (*) indicates a default setting of a parameter. Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295 |...
  • Page 144 Design Guide | VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 | Danfoss A/S © 2024.01 AJ435824192086en-000101 / 130R1295...
  • Page 145  ...
  • Page 146 Danfoss reserves the right to alter its products without notice. This also applies to products ordered but not delivered provided that such alterations can be made without changes to form, fit or function of the product. All trademarks in this material are property of Danfoss A/S or Danfoss group companies.