Definition Of Terms; Configuration Details - Lattice Semiconductor MachXO2 Programming And Configuration Usage Manual

Definition of Terms

This document uses the following terms to describe common functions:
• BIT – The BIT file is the configuration data for the MachXO2 that is stored in an external SPI Flash. It is a binary
file and is programmed unmodified into the SPI Flash.
• Configuration – Configuration refers to a change in the state of the MachXO2 SRAM memory cells.
• Configuration Data – This is the data read from the non-volatile memory and loaded into the FPGA's SRAM
configuration memory. This is also referred to as a bitstream, or device bitstream.
• Configuration Mode – The configuration mode defines the method the MachXO2 uses to acquire the configura-
tion data from the non-volatile memory.
• Internal Flash Memory – JED file or bit file can be programmed directly into the internal flash sector. User does
not need to know where an actual page of the configuration data starts. The MachXO2 configuration engine han-
dles the parsing in the flash to SRAM transfer.
• JEDEC – The JEDEC file contains the configuration data programmed into the MachXO2 Configuration Flash,
User Flash Memory, Feature Row, and Feature Bits. Format information is provided later in this technical note.
• Offline mode – Offline mode is a term that is applied to both non-volatile memory programming and SRAM con-
figuration. When using offline mode programming/configuration the FPGA no longer operates in user mode. The
contents of the non-volatile or SRAM configuration memory are updated, but the MachXO2 does not perform
your logic operations until offline mode programming/configuration is complete.
• Number Formats – The following nomenclature is used to denote the radix of numbers
— 0x: Numbers preceded by '0x' are hexadecimal
— b (suffix): Numbers suffixed with 'b' are binary
— All other numbers are decimal
• Port – A port refers to the physical connection used to perform programming and some configuration operations.
Ports on the MachXO2 include JTAG, SPI, I
• Programming: Programming refers to the process used to alter the contents of the internal or external non-vola-
tile configuration memory.
• Transparent Mode – Transparent mode is used to update the Configuration Flash, and User Flash Memory
while leaving the MachXO2 in User Mode.
• User Mode – The MachXO2 is in user mode when configuration is complete, and the FPGA is performing the
logic functions you have programmed it to perform.

Configuration Details

MachXO2 devices contain two types of memory, SRAM and Flash. SRAM memory contains the active configura-
tion, essentially the "fuses" that define the behavior of the FPGA. The active configuration is, in most cases,
retrieved from a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory holds the configuration data that is loaded into the
FPGAs SRAM. The MachXO2 provides an internal Flash memory that stores the configuration data loaded into the
MachXO2 SRAM.
MachXO2 Programming and Configuration Usage Guide
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C, and WISHBONE physical connections.
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